全膝关节置换术中止血带的应用方式比较

目的探讨全膝关节置换术(TKA)中止血带的不同应用方式对患者围手术期失血量、术后并发症、疼痛视觉模拟评分(VAS)以及膝关节功能恢复的影响。方法将211例TKA患者随机分为两组:A组105例,在切口关闭前释放止血带彻底止血;B组106例,在切口关闭弹力绷带加压包扎后释放止血带。比较两组围手术期总失血量、术后并发症、术后7 d及3个月的VAS、HSS评分以及实现膝关节90°屈曲的时间。结果总失血量:A组(945±368)ml,多于B组的(725±243)ml(P=0.032)。手术时间:A组(93.5±24.4)min,长于B组的(75.0±22.1)min(P0.001)。止血带时间:A组(64.2±18.6)min,短于B组的(75.0±22.1)min(P=0.004)。并发症:A组1例,B组5例(P=0.213)。术后7 d及3个月的VAS:A组分别为(3.9±1.2)分、(2.4±0.8)分,B组分别为(4.5±1.1)分、(2.2±0.9)分(P=0.026、P=0.835)。术后7 d及3个月的膝关节HSS评分:A组分别为(85.4±8.3)分、(90.5±8.7)分,B组分别为(78.5±7.6)、(89.2±6.8)分(P=0.015、P=0.815)。术后实现膝关节90°屈曲的时间:A组为(1.5±0.6)d,B组为(2.2±0.8)d(P=0.042)。结论 TKA中释放止血带会增加患者围手术期失血量,但可能会减少术后并发症的发生,减轻患者早期疼痛反应,有利于早期的功能康复。     

全膝关节置换术中使用止血带的效果与安全性分析

目的探讨全膝关节置换(TKA)术中使用止血带的效果及安全性。方法纳入自2015-05—2016-07完成的90例初次单侧TKA,分为3组,每组30例。A组手术全程使用止血带,切皮前驱血加压,筋膜层缝合后松开止血带;B组手术半程使用止血带,截骨前驱血加压,假体安装完成后松开止血带;C组手术全程不使用止血带。结果 A组与B组术中出血量明显少于C组,而C组隐性失血量明显少于A组和B组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。3组总失血量差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。C组术后第1、4、7天患肢大腿周径小于A组与B组,疼痛VAS评分低于A组与B组,术后1周膝关节功能HSS评分高于A组与B组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);但3组术后1、3个月膝关节功能HSS评分差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论 TKA术中使用止血带可减少出血量,但不能减少总失血量,而且增加了术后患肢肿胀、疼痛,不利于膝关节早期功能锻炼。因此建议TKA术中不使用止血带或尽量缩短其使用时间。     

骨性关节炎全膝关节置换术中切除滑膜对失血量及膝关节功能的影响

目的:探讨骨性关节炎全膝关节置换术中切除滑膜对失血量和膝关节功能的影响。方法:选取初次骨性关节炎全膝关节置换术患者180例,随机分成观察组和对照组各90例。观察组在全膝关节置换手术中切除滑膜,对照组保留滑膜,观察两组手术失血量、手术时间、和手术前后的疼痛情况以及术后膝关节临床和功能评分。结果:观察组手术显性失血量(750.9±253.7)mL、隐性出血量(722.8±213.3)mL、理论总出血量(1557.2±346.8)mL和手术时间(111.3±23.9)min均明显高于对照组显性失血量(543.2±223.6)mL、隐性失血量(536.1±192.4)mL、理论总失血量(1086.7±242.9)mL和手术时间(90.6±20.2)min(P0.05);两组手术后3 d、12周和1年时的VAS评分均明显低于手术前,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05);但两组间比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05);两组术后12周和术后1年美国膝关节协会评分标准(AKSS)临床评分和功能评分比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05);观察组术后不良反应和感染发生率为11.11%,对照组3.33%(P0.05)。结论:骨性关节炎全膝关节置换术中切除滑膜,可明显增加失血量和感染风险,但未能显著促进膝关节功能改善的作用。     

氨甲环酸不同给药方案在胫骨高位截骨围术期应用的疗效评价

目的探讨氨甲环酸(tranexamic acid, TXA)不同给药方案在胫骨高位截骨术围术期应用的有效性及安全性。方法前瞻性分析自2016年2月至2020年4月西安交通大学附属红会医院收治拟行手术且符合本研究纳入标准的54例膝关节骨关节炎患者,其中男13例,女41例;年龄44～65岁,平均(56.9±4.4)岁。按照随机数字表法分为三组,每组各18例。A组:术前30 min静脉点滴1gTXA,关闭切口前1 g TXA深层浸泡5 min; B组:术前30 min和关闭切口前各静脉点滴1 g TXA;C组:关闭切口前静脉点滴1 g TXA,术后3 h、6 h后各静脉追加1 g TXA。记录并比较两组患者的总失血量、隐性失血量、48 h引流量、输血率、纤溶水平、血栓栓塞事件、切口并发症、不良反应、视觉模拟评分(visual analogue scale, VAS)评分、美国特种外科医院(hospital for special surgery, HSS)膝关节评分及生活质量SF-12评分。结果 A组总失血量为(493.56±74.27)mL,B组为(447.44±60.64)mL,C组为(411.36±73.14)mL;A组的隐性失血量为(277.35±47.31)mL,B组为(236.19±35.57)mL,C组为(197.47±50.17)mL;A组的术后48 h引流量为(146.35±37.66)mL,B组为(121.57±35.28)mL,C组为(84.12±26.93)mL;术后第1天血红蛋白均值A组为(112.65±12.23)g/L,B组为(117.51±11.12)g/L,C组为(123.46±10.84)g/L;术后第3天血红蛋白均值A组为(113.17±10.14)g/L,B组为(117.89±9.34)g/L,C组为(124.45±10.42)g/L;术后第1天和第3天VAS疼痛评分对比,B组和C组均低于A组;术后6周和12周SF-12生活质量调查显示,C组的生理健康评分与A组相比差异明显;以上指标组间比较,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。三组间术后血栓栓塞事件发生率、TXA不良反应及膝关节HSS评分比较,差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论本研究中三种TXA给药方案均安全可靠。术后序贯静脉给药方案可以进一步减少围术期的总失血量、隐性失血量、术后48 h引流量、维持术后血红蛋白水平,并具有减轻疼痛、提高患者生活质量和膝关节功能的优势。     

氨甲环酸给药时间与TKA围手术期失血量的临床研究

目的 对比氨甲环酸不同的静脉给药时间减少全膝关节置换术围手术期的失血量和输血率的疗效。方法选取2017年1月至2017年12月行初次单侧全膝关节置换的168例患者,男45例,女123例;年龄60~77岁,平均70.5岁;诊断为骨关节炎。按照静脉给药时间随机分为A、B、C、D四组,每组42例。A、B、C组按20mg/kg计算的量稀释于250mL生理盐水中,分别于止血带充气前、松止血带前和松止血后20min静脉注射,D组仅给予等量生理盐水静脉注射。对比四组总失血量(术中和术后失血量)、输血量、输血率、术后血红蛋白减少量、相关凝血功能及术后静脉血栓形成风险的差异,于术后7d进行下肢血管多普勒检查。结果 总失血量、血红蛋白减少量、输血量、输血率A组均明显少于B、C、D组(P0.05),B、C组少于D组(P0.05),B、C组之间比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。四组纤维蛋白原、凝血酶原时间、活化的部分凝血活酶时间比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。四组患者术后深静脉血栓发生率差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论 氨甲环酸能有效减少初次单侧TKA围手术期的失血量、血红蛋白下降和输血率;止血带充气前使用氨甲环酸更有优势。     

全膝关节置换术后膝关节体位对术后失血及功能的影响研究

目的初步探索初次全膝关节置换术后不同膝关节体位对术后失血及功能的影响。方法连续纳入100例因膝关节骨关节炎行初次全膝关节置换术的患者,根据术后膝关节体位分为膝关节屈曲组及膝关节伸直组。屈曲组患者术后下肢抬高45°、膝关节屈曲45°,并维持48 h;伸直组维持膝关节伸直位。主要观察指标为围手术期总失血量、隐性失血量及术后6周膝关节活动度,次要观察指标包括引流量、术后血红蛋白水平、膝关节周径、输血率及并发症发生率。结果屈曲组共纳入50例,女性34例,男性16例,平均年龄63.1岁;伸直组50例,女性32例,男性18例,平均年龄62.4岁。屈曲组的总失血量为(821.4±114.3)m L,较膝关节伸直组(1 008.4±102.6)m L明显降低,差异有统计学意义(P0.001);屈曲组隐性失血量为(637.5±173.3)m L,伸直组为(763.1±103.5)m L,组间差异有统计学意义(P0.001)。屈曲组术后24 h引流量为(195.2±64.8)m L,较伸直组引流量(258.1±78.3)m L低,差异有统计学意义(P=0.001)。屈曲组术后48 h血红蛋白较伸直组高,屈曲组术后48 h膝关节周径较伸直组小,差异均有统计学意义;术后6周随访时,两组活动度无明显差异。屈曲组有3例患者于术后48 h内输血,伸直组有9例,组间差异无统计学意义(P=0.06);屈曲组平均住院日较伸直组缩短1.6 d,差异有统计学意义(P0.001);屈曲组有3例发生伤口浅表感染,伸直组有2例发生,均无深静脉血栓发生。结论初次全膝关节置换术后下肢抬高45°、膝关节屈曲45°并维持48 h可明显减少围手术期失血及膝关节肿胀,加快功能康复。     

半程使用止血带联合静滴氨甲环酸对全膝关节置换术失血量的影响

目的探讨人工全膝关节置换术(total knee arthroplasty,TKA)中半程使用止血带联合静脉滴注氨甲环酸对TKA围手术期失血量的影响。方法回顾分析2013年3月至2016年8月在我科行初次TKA手术且符合纳入标准的122例膝骨关节炎患者的临床资料,其中43例术中全程使用止血带并不使用氨甲环酸(A组),41例全程使用止血带并术中静脉滴注氨甲环酸(B组),38例半程使用止血带并术中静脉滴注氨甲环酸(C组)。收集并比较三组患者性别、年龄、侧别、体重指数(body mass index,BMI)、术前及术后血红蛋白(hemoglobin,Hb)、红细胞压积(hematocrit,Hct)水平,记录手术时长、术中出血量、术后引流量、术后输血量及输血例数,记录术前及术后1年膝关节美国特种外科医院评分(hospital for special surgery,HSS),用Gross方程计算患者围手术期总失血量及隐性失血量。结果A组和B、C组围手术期总失血量比较差异有统计学意义(P0.001),B、C两组总失血量比较差异无统计学意义(P=0.731);A组和B、C组围手术期隐性失血量比较差异有统计学意义(P0.001),B、C两组隐性失血量比较差异有统计学意义(P=0.001)。术后输血A组13例(30.23%),B组3例(7.31%),C组2例(5.12%),术后输血率A组和B、C组比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05),B、C组比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。三组患者术后1年HSS评分差异无统计学意义(F=0.384,P=0.681)。结论 TKA术中静脉使用氨甲环酸能大幅度减少围手术期总失血量,降低输血率;半程使用止血带能缩短术中止血带使用时间,但并不会增加手术时间及围手术期失血量;建议对于血栓栓塞高风险患者减少止血带的使用。     

三种不同植骨方式在胸、腰椎结核手术治疗中的观察

目的:对比观察块状植骨、颗粒植骨和钛网植骨三种不同植骨方式在后路胸腰椎结核手术中的临床应用效果.方法:选取我院93例胸、腰椎结核患者,分为三组,彻底结核病灶清除后,分别采用块状植骨(32例)、颗粒植骨(35例)、钛网植骨(26例)三种不同植骨方式,对三组术中植骨所需时间,术中出血量,术后后凸畸形角纠正状况,末次随访后凸畸形角丢失状况,植骨融合时间进行对比.结果:患者均得到12～36个月随访,植骨所需手术时间A组为23.4±4.3min,B组为5.2±2.4min,C组为25.6±3.6min,B组植骨所需时间明显短于A组、C组(P＜0.05),A组、C组比较差异无统计意义(P＞0.05);术中出血量A组为553±53ml,B组为352±48ml,C组为564±47ml,B组明显少于A组、C组(P＜0.05),A组、C组比较差异无统计意义(P＞0.05);术前Cobb角A组为36.5°±5.9°,B组为36.2°±4.7°,C组为36.8°±5.1°,三组差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05),术后Cobb角A、B、C三组分别为15.3°±3.6°、15.6°±3.1°及15.1°±2.9°,三组间差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);末次随访时Cobb角A组为16.9°±3.6°,平均丢失1.6°,B组为17.5°±3.1°,平均丢失1.9°,C组为16.8°±2.9°,平均丢失1.7°,三组差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);植骨融合时间A组为5.9±0.4个月,B组为4.1±0.3个月,C组为6.2±0.5个月,B组明显短于A组、C组(P＜0.05),A组、C组比较差异无统计意义(P＞0.05).结论:颗粒骨植骨较传统块状植骨和钛网植骨植入方便易行,植入时间短,出血量少,植骨融合时间短,是后路胸椎结核病灶清除术后理想的植骨方式.     

无止血带下全膝关节置换术后切口非加压包扎的临床效果评价

目的对照研究在不使用止血带情况下行全膝关节置换术后切口加压包扎与非加压包扎的临床效果及对术后早期功能康复的影响。方法 2019年9月至2020年9月我科行初次单侧全膝关节置换术的160例患者纳入研究,采用随机抽签法分组,研究组(A组)术后接受从脚踝到大腿的弹力绷带加压包扎,对照组(B组)不接受任何加压包扎,每组80例;同时每组内再随机分为引流组(A1、B1)与非引流组(A2、B2)各40例。加压包扎引流组(A1组):男5例,女35例;年龄43～80岁,平均(64.75±9.42)岁;身体质量指数(body mass index, BMI)17.0～35.0 kg/m~2,平均(28.95±4.09)kg/m~2。加压包扎非引流组(A2组):男10例,女30例;年龄37～79岁,平均(65.29±9.37)岁;BMI为18.7～33.5 kg/m~2,平均(26.78±4.78)kg/m~2。非加压包扎引流组(B1组):男9例,女31例;年龄53～89岁,平均为(64.63±10.24)岁;BMI为19.3～36.5 kg/m~2,平均(28.82±4.04)kg/m~2。非加压包扎非引流组(B2组):男8例,女32例;年龄50～81岁,平均(66.04±7.56)岁;BMI为17.0～33.5 kg/m~2,平均(27.12±4.04)kg/m~2。四组在性别、年龄、BMI等方面比较差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。术后比较各组间患者舒适度、切口并发症、疼痛视觉模拟评分(visual analogue scale, VAS)、肿胀程度、关节活动度(range of motion, ROM)、深静脉血栓(deep vein thrombosis, DVT)发生率、总失血量等指标。结果术后患者舒适度方面B组好于A组;术后第3天疼痛VAS评分,A组为(2.03±0.73)分,B组为(1.85±0.74)分,差异无统计学意义(P0.05);术后第3天,A组肿胀为(2.91±1.66)cm, B组为(2.36±1.32)cm,差异无统计学意义(P0.05);术后第3天,A组膝关节ROM为(107.58±15.95)°,B组为(109.41±14.07)°,差异无统计学意义(P0.05);A组DVT发生率为23.75%,B组为11.25%,差异无统计学意义(P0.05);A组总失血量为(986.79±485.16)mL,B组为(966.13±316.13)mL,差异无统计学意义(P0.05);A、B两组引流与非引流比较,总失血量差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。A1、B1组引流量相当,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论在不使用止血带的情况下结合术中控制性降压,有效术中止血,同时联合氨甲环酸的静脉、局部使用,TKA术后切口无需加压包扎。     

氨甲环酸减少膝关节周围骨折围手术期失血的临床研究

[目的]探讨氨甲环酸减少膝关节周围骨折围术期失血的有效性及安全性。[方法]选取徐州市中心医院2015年1月～2018年4月收治的膝关节周围骨折患者108例为研究对象。采用随机数字表法将108例患者分为A、B、C和D组,每组27例。A组为对照组,应用生理盐水。B组、C组和D组分别静脉应用、局部应用和联合应用氨甲环酸。记录各组止血带使用时间、术中失血量、总失血量、隐性失血量和术后24 h引流量;术后3 d血红蛋白减少量、平均红细胞比容下降最大值和术后24 h D-二聚体;并发症发生情况以及输血率。[结果] 4组手术均在3h内完成。4组术中止血带使用时间及术中失血量比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。B、C、D组总失血量和隐性失血量组间均显著低于A组(P0.05),D组总失血量和隐性失血量显著低于B组和C组(P0.05)。A～D组血红蛋白减少量和平均红细胞比容下降最大值呈逐渐降低趋势,血红蛋白减少量各组间比较差异均无统计学意义(P0.05),平均红细胞比容下降最大值各组间比较差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。C组和D组术后24 h D-二聚体水平显著低于A组和B组,且C组和D组比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。所有患者术后均无下肢深静脉血栓形成及肺栓塞发生。D组1例患者术后第3 d白蛋白为28 g/L,静脉输入人血白蛋白20 g;其余患者均未输血。[结论]静脉和局部应用氨甲环酸均可明显减少膝关节周围骨折患者围术期失血量,且不增加深静脉血栓的发生率,联合应用效果更佳。     

Effect of tourniquet use on blood loss in total knee arthroplasty

AIM: To reduce blood loss in total knee arthroplasty various physical measures including the use of a tourniquet are recommended. The question of an early tourniquet release is still unsettled. PATIENTS AND METHOD: To confirm our theory that blood loss and need of blood transfusions might be reduced while removing the tourniquet for meticulous hemostasis before wound closure we analysed 70 (41 male, 29 female) consecutive patients with total knee arthroplasty for osteoarthritis performed by a single surgeon in a prospective-randomized study between 1/1996 to 6/1998. In group I the tourniquet was released before, in group II after wound closure. RESULTS: We couldn't find any significant differences in the estimated blood loss, the decrease of hemoglobin and hematocrit level, and the transfusion need. In Group II we observed two cases of deep vein thrombosis. This difference was not significant. CONCLUSION: We conclude that tourniquet release for hemostasis is not an effective tool in reducing blood loss or transfusion need in total knee arthroplasty.     

去氨加压素减少全髋关节置换术患者围手术期出血量的临床研究

目的 评价去氨加压素减少全髋关节置换术(THA)患者围手术期出血量的效果.方法 2007年9月至2009年6月,选取62例拟行单侧THA的患者,男28例,女34例.采用随机数字表法分为治疗组和对照组,每组31例:治疗组用去氨加压素按照0.3 μg/kg体质量溶于100 mL生理盐水配制,静脉滴注,术前30 min应用1次,术后1次/d,连续用2 d;对照组仅给予等剂量生理盐水静脉滴注.比较两组患者失血总量、术中失血量、术后可见失血量、输血量、术前及术后血红蛋白(Hb)、红细胞比容(Hct)、血小板(Plt)、纤维蛋白原(Fib)、凝血酶原时间(PT)及活化部分凝血活酶时间(APTT)等指标,并以彩色多普勒超声观察患者术后下肢深静脉血栓形成的发生情况.结果 两组患者的总输血比例、实际失血总量、输血量比较差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05);而术后输血比例、手术时间、术中失血量、术后24 h可见失血量、全部可见失血量差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).两组患者术后Hb、Hct、Plt及APTT比较差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05),而Fib、PT比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).术后14 d两组均未发现下肢深静脉血栓形成.45例患者获1～3个月随访,仅2例表现为下肢静脉功能不全.结论 在THA术中及术后短期使用去氨加压素能有效减少患者的失血量和输血量.

Abstract：

Objective To evaluate the clinical value of desmopressin in reducing blood loss following total hip arthroplasty (THA) .Methods From September 2007 to June 2009, 62 patients (28 males and 34 females) underwent THA.They were randomly divided into 2 even groups.Group A (desmopressin group) received intravenous administration of desmopressin(0.3 μg/kg diluted in 100 mL normal saline) at 30 minutes preoperatively and in 2 consecutive days postoperatively.Instead Group B (control group) received intravenous administration of normal saline of the same volume and in the same manner.The amounts of calculated total blood loss, intraoperative blood loss, postoperative wound blood loss and blood transfusion were recorded.The hemoglobin concentration (Hb) , hematocrit (Hot), platelet (Plt),fibrinogen (Fib), prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) were also examined one day before and one day after operation for comparison.The patients were examined for occurrence of deep vein thrombosis(DVT) by Color Doppler Flow Imaging.Results The intraoperative blood loss was 375 ±43 mL in Group A and 392 ± 55 mL in Group B, without significant difference between the 2 groups ( P ＞0.05 ).The postoperative drainage volume was 276 ± 49 mL in Group A and 294 ± 52 mL in Group B with no significant difference either ( P ＞ 0.05).The total blood loss was 920 ±80 mL in Group A and 1150 ±99 mL in Group B, with a significant difference between the 2 groups ( P ＜ 0.05) .There were also significant differences between the 2 groups in average amount of blood transfusion, patients needing blood transfusion and postoperative Hb, Hct, Plt levels and APTT( P ＜ 0.05).No DVP event was found 14 days postoperation in either group.Conclusion During and following THA, a short-term use of desmopressin can significantly decrease blood loss and transfusion required.     

The effect of a tourniquet on intraoperative patellofemoral tracking during total knee arthroplasty

A prospective investigation was performed on the effect of the tourniquet on intraoperative patellofemoral tracking during primary total knee arthroplasty (TKA). A total of 75 TKAs in 67 patients were performed by 1 surgeon in a consecutive series using the same technique. Using strict criteria, patellar tracking was assessed both before and after tourniquet release. Patients were placed into 1 of 3 groups: Group I were knees that tracked properly both before and after tourniquet release. Group II were knees that maltracked with the tourniquet inflated and subsequently corrected with the tourniquet released. Group III were knees that maltracked both before and after tourniquet release, therefore requiring a lateral release. Knees were categorized as group I, 34 of 75 (45.3%); group II, 36 of 75 (48.0%); and group III, 5 of 75 (6.7%). Using this criterion, lateral release was avoided in all group II knees. Tourniquet application alters intraoperative patellofemoral tracking during TKA. When contemplating lateral release, tourniquet deflation and reevaluation of patellofemoral tracking should be considered.     

Surgical hemostasis after tourniquet release does not reduce blood loss in knee replacement. A prospective randomized study of 81 patients.

We studied the effect of timing of tourniquet release on blood loss in 81 patients (85 knees) who were operated on for total knee replacement. The patients were randomly allocated to one of two groups. In one group, the tourniquet was released for hemostasis before wound closure and in the other group, the tourniquet was not released until the wound was closed and a compressive dressing applied. We found no difference in total blood loss between the two groups and conclude that intraoperative release of the tourniquet for hemostasis is not effective for reducing blood loss in total knee replacement.     

Surgical hemostasis after tourniquet release does not reduce blood loss in knee replacement: A prospective randomized study of 81 patients

We studied the effect of timing of tourniquet release on blood loss in 81 patients (85 knees) who were operated on for total knee replacement. The patients were randomly allocated to one of two groups. In one group, the tourniquet was released for hemostasis before wound closure and in the other group, the tourniquet was not released until the wound was closed and a compressive dressing applied. We found no difference in total blood loss between the two groups and conclude that intraoperative release of the tourniquet for hemostasis is not effective for reducing blood loss in total knee replacement.     

Effect of the timing of tourniquet release on perioperative blood loss associated with cementless total knee arthroplasty: a prospective randomized study

The control of perioperative blood loss is a major concern in cementless knee arthroplasty surgery. We randomized retrospectively 55 patients (60 knees in total) who had undergone cementless total knee arthroplasty and determined the efficacy of tourniquet release either "before" (30 knees) or "after" (30 knees) wound closure. Measurements of total blood loss showed significant differences between the groups ("Before" group, 906 +/- 238 mL; "After" group, 731 +/- 332 mL; P = .0225). The levels of red blood cells, hemoglobin, and hematocrit recovered to the preoperative levels by 3 months after surgery in both groups. In summary, we recommend that the tourniquet be released after wound closure and that a compressive dressing be applied with the aim of limiting or reducing perioperative blood loss without significant effects of the transfer requirement in the 2 groups, provided that tourniquet time is kept below 60 minutes to avoid ill effects of the tourniquet.     

全膝关节置换术后止血带性缺血再灌注损伤的临床研究

目的 探讨全膝关节置换术(TKA)中使用止血带是否会导致缺血再灌注损伤,进而加重各项不良并发症。方法 2009年1月至2010年10月共收治52例拟行初次TKA的患者,采用随机数学表法分为2组：使用止血带组（A组）和未使用止血带组（B组）,每组26例。A组：男11例,女15例;年龄69 ～ 76岁,平均72.5岁。B组：男12例,女14例;年龄67 ～ 77岁,平均72.9岁。两组患者术前一般资料比较差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05),具有可比性。术后股四头肌活检观测股四头肌肌肉的病理改变,记录并比较两组患者的术后肿胀程度、疼痛视觉模拟评分(VAS)、关节活动度及肌力。结果 A组病理切片示股四头肌溶解,大量中性粒细胞浸润;B组为正常肌肉组织。A组术后1、3、7及14d小腿肿胀程度、膝关节周径及股四头肌肿胀程度的增加率均显著大于B组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05)。A组术后6h、1d、3d、5d、7 dVAS疼痛评分明显高于B组,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05);而术后14d两组VAS疼痛评分差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05)。B组患者术后3d、7d、14d及1个月膝关节自主活动度均高于A组,术后1、3、7、14d直腿抬高度数也明显优于A组,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05)。结论 TKA中使用止血带可引起缺血再灌注损伤,进而加重各项不良并发症的发生。     

Late Tourniquet Release and Drain Clamping Reduces Postoperative Blood Loss in Total Knee Arthroplasty

Background

Many studies have investigated the effect of tourniquet release time and closed suction drainage in total knee arthroplasty (TKA). However, controversy remains as to the advisability of preclosure tourniquet release and the advisability of closed suction drain use following total knee arthroplasty.

Questions/Purposes

The aim of the study was to investigate if there is a benefit of performing tourniquet release after skin closure, along with drain clamping, for the first 6h following TKA.

Methods

Ninety-six patients underwent TKA between May 2009 and April 2010. Fourteen of these were excluded because of systemic diseases and simultaneous bilateral TKA. Twenty-nine of these were excluded due to use of a patellar component and posterior cruciate ligament (PCL)-sacrificing systems. Thus, 53 patients that underwent PCL-retaining cemented TKA were reviewed retrospectively. In the control group (group C), the tourniquet was released before skin closure, an attempt at hemostasis was made, and a compressive bandage was applied. The drain was not clamped in these patients. The test group of 23 patients (group T) had tourniquet release after skin closure and after the compressive bandage was applied. The drain was clamped for the first 6h after surgery. The two groups were compared as to the amount of drained blood, postoperative change in hemoglobin, postoperative complications, and knee function.

Results

We found that drained blood and hemoglobin drop were significantly lower in group T compared with group C. There was no difference regarding postoperative complications and knee function.

Conclusion

We conclude that tourniquet release after skin closure and compressive dressing followed by 6h of drain clamping reduces postoperative blood loss in TKR surgery.     

止血带的不同使用方法在膝关节置换术中的研究

目的探讨全膝关节置换术中止血带不同的使用方法的作用。方法2009年9月至2011年6月,对45例骨关节炎患者行单侧膝关节置换手术,根据止血带不同的使用方法分为两组,A组24例,在安装假体前至安装假体后骨水泥硬松开止血带;B组21例,在手术开始至安装假体完毕,骨水泥硬化后松开止血带,术野止血后关闭伤口。观察两组病例的手术时间、术中和术后出血量、术后患肢肿胀情况和术后HSS评分。结果手术时间（t=3．0,P〈0．05）、术中（t=9．2,P〈0．05）和术后（t=13．5,P〈0．05）出血量均有统计学差异,但是总出血量（t=0．6,P〉0．05）间的差异无统计学意义,术后患肢肿胀情况（t=2．3,P〈0．05）两组间差异具有统计学意义。结论减少使用止血带时间可能利于患者早期恢复。