术后放疗对局部淋巴结阳性行保乳手术的乳腺癌患者临床预后的影响

目的 研究术后放疗对局部淋巴结阳性行保乳手术的乳腺癌患者临床预后的影响.方法 选择行保乳手术治疗并且出现局部淋巴结转移的84例乳腺癌患者,均于保乳手术后进行放疗.观察患者的5年和10年生存率、无瘤生存率、无远处转移生存率、无局部复发生存率;并分析影响预后的因素.结果 患者的5年生存率为97.62%、无远处转移生存率为95.24%、无瘤生存率为94.05%、无局部复发生存率为95.24%;10年生存率为86.90%、无远处转移生存率为85.71%、无瘤生存率为82.14%、无局部复发生存率为85.71%.经过单因素分析发现,有无术后辅助化疗、有无术后放疗以及清扫淋巴结总数均为影响局部复发的危险因素;经过多因素COX回归分析发现,术后放疗是降低局部复发的惟一影响因素.结论 术后放疗有利于改善局部淋巴结阳性行保乳手术的乳腺癌患者的临床预后情况,可以有效提高生存率,降低局部复发率,在保乳术后具有重要作用,值得应用推广.     

104例鼻腔鼻窦腺样囊性癌临床分析

背景与目的：腺样囊性癌是一种来自于涎腺组织的少见肿瘤,占所有头颈部恶性肿瘤的1%~2%。鼻腔鼻窦腺样囊性癌的发病率较低,且生长缓慢,较少淋巴转移,但是容易侵犯临近组织和沿着神经浸润生长,后期有较高的复发率和远处转移率,往往预后不佳。该研究总结鼻腔鼻窦腺样囊性癌的临床及病理特点,并对其预后和影响因素进行分析。方法：该研究为一项单中心、回顾性的研究,分析了104例2000年9月—2012年11月间在复旦大学附属眼耳鼻喉科医院接受过放疗的鼻腔鼻窦腺样囊性癌患者,中位随访时间5.1年。使用Kaplan-Meier、log-rank检验和COX比例风险模型进行生存相关的数据分析。结果：患者平均年龄(54.5±11.5)岁,男女各占50%。鼻腔为最常见的原发部位(63.5%),其次为上颌窦(29.8%),临床分期以Ⅲ~Ⅳ期为主(76.0%),手术切缘阳性者为56.7%,出现神经浸润者为34.6%。术后放疗的患者占67.3%,术前放疗占27.9%,仅4.8%的患者采用了单纯放疗,其中29.8%的患者在手术和放疗基础上联合了化疗。采用CRT放疗者为81.7%,采用IMRT放疗者为18.3%。最终18例出现复发,28例出现远处转移,肺部为最常见的转移部位,神经浸润是影响复发或转移的独立危险因素(P=0.0002)。患者的5年和10年总生存率(overall survival,OS)分别为77.0%(95%CI：68.7%~85.3%)和67.8%(95%CI：57.8%~77.9%);5年和10年的无瘤生存率(disease-free survival, DFS)分别为57.8%(95%CI：48.0%~67.7%)和56.4%(95%CI：46.3%~66.4%)。复发或远处转移是显著影响OS的危险因素(未校正HR=60.1,95%CI：8.15~443.1,P<0.0001),神经浸润阳性是显著影响DFS的危险因素(未校正HR=2.99,95%CI：1.642~5.445,P=0.0002)。原发部位、临床分期、手术切缘是否阳性及放疗方式对预后无明显影响。结论：神经浸润、复发或远处转移可能是影响鼻腔鼻窦腺样囊性癌预后的重要因素。     

47例局部晚期为主直肠癌放化疗临床分析

目的 探讨局部晚期为主直肠癌单纯放化疗疗效与预后因素分析。方法 回顾分析2003—2010年收治的47例放化疗为主的局部晚期直肠癌患者资料,其中3例单纯放疗。Kaplan-Meier法计算OS、PFS、DMFS并Logrank检验和单因素预后分析,Cox模型多因素预后分析。结果 全组3、5年OS率分别为53%和33%,PFS率分别为37%和31%。局部进展15例(32%),PFS期1~60个月(中位数14个月);远处转移23例(49%),DMFS期2~60个月(中位数17个月)。中剂量和高剂量放疗的3、5年局部进展率分别为54%和11%、57%和11%(P=0.004)。放化疗后pCR 9例(19%),其3、5年OS和PFS均8例。单因素分析显示肿瘤距肛门距离(P=0.026)和是否cCR (P=0.000)均是影响预后因素,但多因素分析仅cCR是影响生存的因素(HR=12.24,95%CI=1.64~91.29,P=0.015)。结论 因各种原因放弃手术治疗或未能行手术切除的局部晚期直肠癌,放化疗或单纯放疗是一种安全有效方法。高剂量放疗可提高直肠癌LC率,放化疗的获得CR预示良好的预后。     

Radiotherapy for advanced adenoid cystic carcinoma: neutrons, photons or mixed beam?

PURPOSE: To compare retrospectively radiotherapy with neutrons, photons, and a photon/neutron mixed beam in patients with advanced adenoid cystic carcinoma of the head and neck. Local control, survival, distant failure, and complications were analyzed. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between 1983 and 1995, 75 patients with inoperable, recurrent, or incompletely resected adenoid cystic carcinoma of the head and neck received radiotherapy that consisted of either fast 14.1 MV DT neutrons (median dose 16 neutron Gy), linac-based photon irradiation (median dose 64 photon Gy), or both (median dose 8 neutron Gy and 32 photon Gy). Follow-up ranged from 1 to 160 months (median 51 months), and the surviving patients had a minimum follow-up of 3 years at the time of analysis. RESULTS: The actuarial 5-year local control was 75% for neutrons, and 32% for both mixed beam and photons (P = 0.015, log-rank). This advantage for neutrons in local control was not transferred to significant differences in survival (P > 0.1). The survival is dictated by the tumor diseases due to distant metastases occurring in 29 (39%) of the 75 patients. Positive lymph nodes were the only significant factor (P = 0.001) associated with the development of distant metastases although negative lymph nodes did not predict absence of distant metastases, but predicted a delay of occurrence. In multivariate analysis postoperative radiotherapy (P = 0.003) and small tumor size (P = 0.01) were associated with high local control, while primary therapy (P = 0.006) and negative lymph nodes (P = 0.01) were associated with longer survival. While acute toxicity was similar in all three radiotherapy groups, severe late grade 3 and 4 toxicity tended to be more prevalent (P > 0.1) with neutrons (19%) than with mixed beam (10%) and photons (4%). CONCLUSION: Fast neutron radiotherapy provides higher local control rates than a mixed beam and photons in advanced, recurrent or not completely resected adenoid cystic carcinoma of the major and minor salivary glands. Neutron radiotherapy can be recommended in patients with bad prognosis with gross residual disease (R2), with unresectable tumors, or inoperable tumors. The type of radiation does not impact survival, which is dominated by the high number of distant metastases.     

Adjuvant radiotherapy in resectable pancreatic carcinoma.

AIM: Pancreatic cancer is a near fatal disease. External beam radiotherapy and intraoperative radiation therapy (IORT) has been proposed with the aim to improve clinical outcome in resectable tumors. The aim of this study is to assess the feasibility and outcome in patients with cT1-3 pancreatic cancer, treated with surgery, external beam radiotherapy and IORT. METHODS: From 1990 to 1996, 17 patients with clinical stage T1-3N0-1M0 adenocarcinoma of the head of the pancreas were treated with pancreatectomy and pre- (nine patients: 5 Gy), intra- (all patients: 10 Gy) and post-operative (all patients: 50 Gy) radiotherapy. The pathologic T stages were: 4 pT2 and 13 pT3. The pathologic N stages were: 9 pN0 and 8 pN1. Minimum follow-up in living patients was 60 months. RESULTS: No perioperative mortalities were recorded. Two patients showed postoperative morbidity (11.8%) which required a subsequent laparotomy. The disease-free survival at 1, 3 and 5 years was 41, 23 and 18%, respectively (median: 9 months). The overall survival at 1, 3 and 5 years was 70%, 41% and 18%, respectively (median: 17.5 months). Three patients developed local failure (17.6%) and 12 patients showed distant metastases (70.6%). Univariate analysis (logrank) showed: a significant correlation between both N-stage and retroperitoneal involvement (RPI) with local control (N-stage: P=0.0155; RPI:P =0.0295), a significant correlation between maximum tumor size and metastases-free survival (P=0.0167) and overall survival (P=0.0241); the female gender was another predictor of prolonged survival (P= 0.0465). Multivariate analysis (Cox) showed a significant impact of N-stage and retroperitoneal involvement on local control and also a significant correlation between perineural involvement and tumor diameter with metastases-free survival. CONCLUSIONS: These results are similar to those of other published series and suggest that this approach is feasible with acceptable local control and survival, especially in patients with small tumors (<2.5 cm: 5 year survival=33.3%) and in female patients (5 year survival=30%). Due to the impact of gender, tumor diameter and N stage on prognosis, in the design of future trials a stratification of patients based on these categories should be considered. The search of effective chemotherapeutic agents is required, to reduce the high incidence of distant metastases, especially in larger tumors.     

Results of adjuvant radiation therapy in cancer of the rectum. Thomas Jefferson University Hospital experience

From 1972 to 1981, 174 patients with cancer of the rectum surgically staged as B2 or C disease, underwent surgical resection of the tumors for cure. Eighty-eight patients received surgery only with no further adjuvant therapy, and the remaining 86 patients were treated with a combination of radiation and surgery. Twenty-nine patients received low-dose preoperative radiation (500 rad in one fraction); 26 patients received postoperative radiation (4500 rad in 5 weeks); and 31 patients received combined low-dose preoperative radiation (500 rad) and postoperative radiation (4500 rad in 5 weeks). This experience was analyzed to determine the patterns of failure and the impact of adjuvant therapy on survival. Patients undergoing surgery alone had a 26% incidence of local failure in the pelvis and a 57% incidence of distant metastasis. Patients receiving low-dose preoperative radiation had a reduction in the rate of distant metastasis (24%), but no effect on local failure (34%). On the other hand, patients receiving postoperative radiation had a reduction in the local failure rate (11%), with no effect on distant metastasis (50%). Patients who received the combined preoperative and postoperative treatment had a reduction in both the local recurrence rate (7%), and the rate of distant metastasis (13%), and these patients also had a substantial improvement in survival over surgery alone. Survival of patients undergoing surgery alone was 34% at 5 years and was not substantially different for patients undergoing low-dose preoperative irradiation (48%), or for patients receiving postoperative irradiation (29%). Survival in patients receiving combined preoperative and postoperative irradiation was substantially better (78%) than the other groups of patients.     

Neoadjuvant chemotherapy and radiotherapy for large extremity soft-tissue sarcomas

PURPOSE: Treatment of extremity soft-tissue sarcomas yields excellent local control, but distant failure is common with large, high-grade tumors. A regimen of preoperative chemotherapy consisting of mesna, adriamycin, ifosfamide, and dacarbazine (MAID) interdigitated with radiotherapy followed by resection and postoperative chemotherapy with or without radiotherapy was designed to improve treatment outcome. We report the mature outcome data on 48 treated patients and compare them with the data of an historical matched control patient population. METHODS AND MATERIALS: Adult patients with high-grade extremity soft-tissue sarcomas >or=8 cm were treated with three cycles of preoperative chemotherapy combined with 44 Gy of radiotherapy followed by surgery. Three cycles of postoperative MAID were planned. For patients with positive surgical margins, 16 Gy was delivered postoperatively. RESULTS: All 48 patients (M0) received the MAID protocol treatment, and their outcome was superior to that of the historical control patients. The 5-year actuarial local control, freedom from distant metastasis, disease-free survival, and overall survival rate was 92% and 86% (p = 0.1155), 75% and 44% (p = 0.0016), 70% and 42% (p = 0.0002), and 87% and 58% (p = 0.0003) for the MAID and control patient groups, respectively. Acute hematologic toxicity in the MAID group included febrile neutropenia in 12 patients (25%). Wound healing complications occurred in 14 (29%) of 48 MAID patients. One MAID patient developed late fatal myelodysplasia. CONCLUSION: After aggressive chemoradiation and surgery, these patients showed a significant reduction in distant metastases, with a highly significant gain in disease-free and overall survival compared with a historical control group. On the basis of this experience, the Radiation Therapy Oncology Group conducted a multi-institutional trial.     

Long-term results of combined-modality therapy for locally advanced breast cancer with ipsilateral supraclavicular metastases: The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center experience.

PURPOSE: To determine outcomes in local-regional control, disease-free survival, and overall survival in patients with locally advanced breast cancer (LABC) who present with ipsilateral supraclavicular metastases and who are treated with combined-modality therapy. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Seventy patients with regional stage IV LABC, which is defined by our institution as LABC with ipsilateral supraclavicular adenopathy without evidence of distant disease, received treatment on three prospective trials of neoadjuvant chemotherapy. All patients received neoadjuvant chemotherapy with cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, and fluorouracil, or cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone. Patients then received local therapy that consisted of either total mastectomy and axillary lymph node dissection (ALND) or segmental mastectomy and ALND before or after irradiation. Patients with no response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy were treated with surgery and/or radiotherapy. After completion of local therapy, chemotherapy was continued for four to 15 cycles, followed by radiotherapy. Patients older than 50 years who had estrogen receptor-positive tumors received tamoxifen for 5 years. RESULTS: Median follow-up was 11.6 years (range, 4.8 to 22.6 years). Disease-free survival rates at 5 and 10 years were 34% and 32%, respectively. The median disease-free survival was 1.9 years. Overall survival rates at 5 and 10 years were 41% and 31%, respectively. The median overall survival was 3.5 years. The overall response rate (partial and complete responses) to induction chemotherapy was 89%. No treatment-related deaths occurred. CONCLUSION: Patients with ipsilateral supraclavicular metastases but no other evidence of distant metastases warrant therapy administered with curative intent, ie, combined-modality therapy consisting of chemotherapy, surgery, and radiotherapy. Patients with ipsilateral supraclavicular metastases should be included in the stage IIIB category of the tumor-node-metastasis classification because their clinical course and prognosis are similar to those of patients with stage IIIB LABC.     

52例原发鼻腔鼻窦黏膜恶性黑色素瘤疗效分析

目的：分析原发鼻腔鼻窦恶性黑色素瘤疗效及放疗在其治疗中作用。方法回顾分析2001—2014年间我院收治原发鼻腔鼻窦恶性黑色素瘤52例临床资料,其中单纯手术18例,手术联合放疗31例（手术＋术后放疗24例、术前放疗＋手术7例）,单纯放疗3例。使用倾向配比评分法对手术联合放疗组与单纯手术组配对分析。中位随访时间59个月。全组5年LC、DMFS、DFS、OS分别为49％、48％、22％、45％。配对后手术联合放疗5年LC 明显高于单纯手术（88％∶43％,P＝0．028）,但5年DMFS相近（67％∶57％,P＝0．955）、DFS相近（58％∶24％,P＝0．131）、5年OS也相近（67％∶67％, P＝0．727）。术前放疗＋手术组、手术＋术后放疗组手术切缘阴性率分别为100％和50％（ P＝0．004）。结论手术联合放疗可提高原发鼻腔鼻窦恶性黑色素瘤LC率,术前放疗增加手术切缘阴性率。     

Chemoradiation for adenocarcinoma of the anus

PURPOSE: To assess the efficacy and limitations of definitive chemoradiation for adenocarcinoma of the anal canal and to propose a treatment strategy that addresses the limitations of treatment. METHODS AND MATERIALS: Between 1976 and 1998, 16 patients with localized adenocarcinoma of the anal canal were treated with radiotherapy with or without chemotherapy with curative intent. Available histologic slides were reviewed for evidence of primary adenocarcinoma of anal duct origin. The treatment results for these patients were compared with those of a group of patients with epidermoid histologic features who were all treated with definitive chemoradiation (55 Gy with concurrent 5-fluorouracil and cisplatin, n = 92) between 1989 and 1998. The hospital records were reviewed for all patients. Patients with epidermoid carcinoma presented with more advanced primary tumors (42% vs. 19% Stage T3 or greater). All adenocarcinoma patients were treated with radiotherapy (median dose 55 Gy): 11 received concurrent 5-fluorouracil-based chemotherapy and 5 received radiotherapy alone. The initial surgical procedures included abdominoperineal resection, excisional biopsies (n = 5), and local excision (n = 1). Abdominoperineal resection was performed as salvage therapy after local recurrence in 5 patients. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to calculate 5-year actuarial pelvic control, distant disease control, disease-free survival, and overall survival. The median follow-up was 45 months (range 5-196) for patients with adenocarcinoma and 44 months (range 9-115) for patients with epidermoid histologic features. RESULTS: Both local and distant recurrence rates were significantly greater in the adenocarcinoma patients. Of 16 patients with adenocarcinoma, 7 (5-year actuarial rate 54%) had recurrence at the primary site compared with 16 (5-year actuarial rate 18%) of 92 patients with epidermoid histologic features (p = 0.004). Distant disease developed in more patients with adenocarcinoma (5-year actuarial rate 66%) than in patients with epidermoid carcinoma (5-year actuarial rate 10%, p <0.001). The 5-year actuarial disease-free survival and overall survival rate for adenocarcinoma patients was 19% and 64%, respectively, compared with 77% (p <0.0001) and 85% (p = 0.017) for those with epidermoid carcinoma. CONCLUSION: Patients with localized adenocarcinoma of the anus treated with definitive chemoradiation had high rates of pelvic failure and distant metastasis compared with comparably staged patients with epidermoid histologic features treated similarly. On the basis of these limitations, we recommend preoperative chemoradiation followed by abdominoperineal resection to maximize pelvic disease control and consideration of adjuvant chemotherapy to address the problem of micrometastatic disease.     

早期宫颈腺鳞癌和腺癌术后同步放化疗疗效分析

目的 回顾分析早期宫颈腺癌、腺鳞癌术后同步放化疗的疗效。方法 收集2006—2012年Ⅰ_B—Ⅱ_A期宫颈腺鳞癌62例、腺癌149例、鳞癌2687例,部分术后盆腔±腹主动脉延伸野±后装放疗,行DDP、TP和FP化疗。一般临床资料χ²检验,Kaplan-Meier法生存分析并Logrank检验。结果 腺癌和腺鳞癌的临床病理特征相近(肿瘤大小、间质浸润、淋巴结转移、宫体受侵、病理分级、病变类型的P=0.639、0.107、0.522、0.956、0.204、0.182),高危腺癌即使辅助放(化)疗复发率仍高于低危患者(P=0.000)。手术+放疗中位生存期似乎腺鳞癌<腺癌<鳞癌(腺鳞癌比腺癌P=0.787;腺癌比鳞癌P=0.134;腺鳞癌比鳞癌P=0.582);手术+同步放化疗中位生存期似乎腺癌<腺鳞癌<鳞癌,腺癌与鳞癌间不同(腺癌比腺鳞癌P=0.131;腺鳞癌比鳞癌P=0.643;腺癌比鳞癌P=0.000)。腺鳞癌、腺癌术后同步放化疗比术后放疗的近期不良反应率均更高(P=0.037、0.003),远期不良反应相近(P=0.861、0.655)。腺鳞癌术后同步放化疗较术后放疗远处转移率低(P=0.003),中位OS、DFS期似乎延长了17个月(P=0.811、0.799);腺癌似乎分别减少了11个月和9个月(P=0.330、0.115)。结论 早期高危宫颈腺鳞癌术后同步放化疗较放疗可减少远处转移率,腺鳞癌和腺癌术后同步放化疗较放疗并不改善生存期。     

Chemoradiation and adjuvant chemotherapy in cervical cancer.

PURPOSE: Radiotherapy is the standard treatment for locally advanced cervical cancer, but treatment results remain disappointing, particularly for women with bulky central disease. We investigated the role of concurrent chemoradiation and adjuvant chemotherapy in a randomized trial. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Two hundred twenty patients with bulky stage I, II, and III cervical cancer were randomized to receive either standard pelvic radiotherapy or chemoradiation (epirubicin 60 mg/m(2)) followed by adjuvant chemotherapy with epirubicin 90 mg/m(2) administered at 4-week intervals for five additional cycles. RESULTS: Fifty-nine patients have relapsed, with a median follow-up duration of 77 months. Patients who received epirubicin radiation therapy showed a significantly longer disease-free (P =.03) and cumulative survival (P =.04). Patients who received radiation alone had significantly more distant metastasis than those who received chemoradiation (P =.012). There was no difference in long-term local tumor control (P =.99). CONCLUSION: Survival benefit has been demonstrated in patients treated with chemoradiation followed by adjuvant chemotherapy with epirubicin as compared with patients treated with standard pelvic radiotherapy alone.     

Treatment results and prognostic factors of early breast cancer treated with a breast conserving operation and radiotherapy

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to analyze the prognostic factors affecting local control and survival rates for patients with early breast cancer who received breast conserving treatment (BCT) and to find out the optimal treatment according to their risk factors. METHODS: From October 1994 to December 2001, 605 patients with 611 stage I and II breast cancers received BCT, and the results were analyzed retrospectively. BCT consists of breast conserving surgery and whole breast irradiation. All the patients underwent lumpectomy or quadrantectomy. Axillary lymph node dissection or sentinel lymph node biopsy was performed in 608 cases (99.5%). The radiation dose to the whole breast was 50.4 Gy over 5 weeks with a 1.8 Gy daily fraction and with boost doses of 9-14.4 Gy administered to the tumor bed. Adjuvant chemotherapy was performed in most of the patients with axillary lymph node metastasis or tumors larger than 1 cm. The median follow-up period was 47 months. RESULTS: Local relapse, regional relapse and distant metastasis occurred in 15 (2.5%), 16 (2.6%) and 43 patients (7.1%), respectively. The 5-year overall survival, local-relapse-free survival, distant-metastasis-free survival and disease-free survival rates were 95.3%, 97.2%, 91.3% and 88.5%, respectively. On multivariate analysis, age (P = 0.02), number of involved axillary lymph nodes (P = 0.01) and nuclear grade (P = 0.01) affected the local-relapse-free survival. The factors associated with disease-free survival were the T stage (P = 0.05), number of involved axillary lymph nodes (P = 0.01) and nuclear grade (P = 0.001). Overall survival was associated with the T stage (P = 0.02), number of involved axillary lymph nodes (P = 0.01) and c-erb B2 overexpression (P = 0.05). Patients with more than two factors among (i) age 1 cm, (ii) positive lymph node metastasis and (iii) high nuclear grade showed an inferior 5-year disease-free survival rate compared with others (P = 0.0005). CONCLUSIONS: The most important prognostic factor affecting local control, disease-free survival and overall survival was axillary lymph node metastasis. The nuclear grade influenced local control and disease relapse. Patients with multiple unfavorable risk factors such as positive axillary lymph nodes, high nuclear grade, young age and large tumor showed poorer local control and disease-free survival than patients without any risk factors, and so more aggressive treatment is required for these patients.     

Prognostic factors in invasive bladder carcinoma in a prospective trial of preoperative adjuvant chemotherapy and radiotherapy

Clinical and pathologic factors were analyzed in 40 patients with localized muscle-invasive bladder carcinoma treated in a prospective bladder-preserving program consisting of transurethral tumor resection, neoadjuvant chemotherapy (methotrexate, cisplatin, and vinblastine [MCV]), and 4,000 cGy radiotherapy with concurrent cisplatin. Patients with biopsy-proven complete response after chemotherapy and 4,000 cGy radiation received full-dose radiotherapy (6,480 cGy) with cisplatin. Cystectomy was recommended to patients with residual disease. Distant metastasis rate was associated with tumor stage and size: 0% in T2 patients, 39% in T3-4 patients (P = .035), 6% for tumors less than 5 cm, and 59% for tumors greater than or equal to 5 cm (P = .002). Risk of bladder tumor recurrence was higher in patients with tumor-associated carcinoma in situ (CIS; 40%) than those without CIS (6%; P = .075). Papillary tumors and solid tumors both had similar treatment outcomes. By multivariate analysis, tumor stage T2 (P = .04) and absence of CIS (P = .03) were significant predictors of complete response; CIS was predictive of local bladder recurrence (P = .07); and tumor size (P = .03), response after chemoradiotherapy (P = .02), and vascular invasion (P = .08) were associated with distant metastasis. Six of eight local bladder tumor recurrences were superficial tumors. The low actuarial distant metastasis rate of T2 patients (0% at 3 years), the 3-year actuarial overall survival rates for T2 (89%) and T3-4 (50%) patients, and the similar treatment outcomes for papillary versus solid tumors are encouraging when compared with published historical controls. These results provide preliminary evidence (median follow-up, 30 months) that the current chemoradiotherapy regimen may have beneficial effects in the treatment of muscle-invasive bladder carcinoma. The true efficacy of neoadjuvant chemotherapy remains to be proven by ongoing randomized trials.     

Retrospective analysis of postoperative radiotherapy for node-negative cervical carcinoma with stage IB-IIB disease

BACKGROUND: We performed retrospective analysis to evaluate the outcomes of postoperative radiotherapy for patients with cervical carcinoma without lymph node metastasis. METHODS: From 1981 to 1995, 68 stage I-II cervical carcinoma patients without nodal disease who received adjuvant pelvic radiotherapy were entered into the present analysis. Criteria for postoperative radiotherapy were (1) deep stromal invasion (> or = 1/2; n = 63), (2) positive parametrial invasion (n = 38) and (3) close or positive surgical margin (n = 21). The median patient age was 54.0 years (range, 29-69 years). The median dose of 45.3 Gy (range, 43.4-56.4 Gy) was delivered over the whole pelvis median 21.0 days (range 12-68 days) after surgery. RESULTS: The 5/10-year overall survival, disease-free survival, pelvic control and distant metastasis-free survival rates were 89.7/85.7, 85.3/83.2, 95.5/95.5 and 90.7/90.7%, respectively. Histology of adenocarcinoma (n = 4), large tumor size and prolonged period between operation and radiotherapy were significantly adverse prognostic factors of overall and disease-free survival by univariate analysis. The risk score referred from the GOG report correlated well with disease-free survival (P = 0.018), but showed only a tendency for overall survival as a prognostic factor (P = 0.07). Overall treatment time proved to be a significant variable for overall survival (P = 0.02), but not for disease-free survival (P = 0.056). Both risk score and overall treatment time proved to be significant prognostic factors in the multivariate model. Major adverse effects occurred in three patients (4.4%) without mortality. CONCLUSIONS: In this analysis, clinical outcome from adjuvant postoperative radiotherapy was thought to be feasible with both satisfactory pelvic control and acceptable lower toxicity.     

根治术后盆腔复发直肠癌疗效及预后因素分析

目的 分析直肠癌根治术后盆腔复发规律以及放疗疗效和影响预后的因素.方法 回顾分析2000-2006年直肠癌根治术后盆腔复发接受放疗患者93例,分别为单纯放疗21例、放化疗56例、放疗结合手术和(或)化疗16例.放疗采用60Co或加速器X线,中位剂量59.4Gy,其中90例采用常规分割技术.68例患者放疗后接受了1～8个(中位数3个)疗程化疗,42例行同步放化疗,多为氟尿嘧啶为主的化疗方案.16例患者在放疗后接受了复发灶切除术,其中RO切除7例,姑息性肿块切除9例.结果 全组共132处复发,常见复发部位为直肠周围(31.8%)和骶前区(30.3%),髂外淋巴结和腹股沟淋巴结少见(1.5%和3.0%).总随访率为92%,随访满2、5年者分别为39、4例.有局部症状的84例患者中83%(70例)放疗后症状缓解.全组2、5年局部无进展率分别为49%、22%,2、5年生存率分别为46%、14%.多因素分析结果显示复发后治疗方法是影响直肠癌根治术后复发的局部无进展率的独立预后因素,复发灶最大径、无病间期、放疗后有无远处转移是影响直肠癌根治术后复发患者生存率的独立顶后因素.结论 直肠周围区、骶前区、髂内淋巴结区是直肠癌主要复发部位;放疗可明显改善直肠癌根治术后盆腔复发患者的症状和提高生存质量,放疗联合手术和(或)化疗可提高直肠癌根治术后复发的局部无进展率,复发灶直径＞5 cm、无病间期＜2年、放疗后有远处转移是影响预后的因素.     

鼻咽癌IMRT远期疗效和不良反应分析

目的：分析鼻咽癌IMRT的远期疗效和不良反应。方法将2009—2010年间869例病理诊断明确、无远处转移、接受全程IMRT的鼻咽癌患者纳入研究。84．8％接受以顺铂为基础化疗。鼻咽原发灶放疗66～70．4 Gy分30～32次,颈部阳性淋巴结66 Gy分30～32次。 Kaplan－Meier法计算生存率,Logrank法检验差异和单因素预后分析,Cox模型多因素预后分析。结果5年OS率为84．0％,5年LRFS、RRFS 、DMFS、DFS率分别为89．7％、94．5％、85．6％、76．3％。对局部晚期患者同期化疗有降低远处转移趋势（83．6％比75．7％,P＝0．050）和改善OS趋势（82．6％比77．0％,P＝0．082）。诱导化疗有提高OS趋势（80．7％比71．4％,P＝0．057）,其中含多西他赛或吉西他滨的诱导化疗有提高OS趋势（83．3％比72．2％,P＝0．058）。初始放疗后接受推量者DFS率更低（52．2％比71．1％,P＝0．004）。同期化疗增加远期口干、张口困难,高剂量顺铂增加口干和听力损伤。结论 IMRT治疗鼻咽癌远期疗效较好。同期化疗联合IMRT有降低远处转移趋势,其价值需进一步研究。放疗后残留接受推量似乎与不良预后有关。化疗增加远期不良反应发生率。     

Radiotherapy of the chest wall following mastectomy for early-stage breast cancer: impact on local recurrence and overall survival

INTRODUCTION: Recent studies have renewed an old controversy about the efficacy of adjuvant radiotherapy following mastectomy for breast cancer. Radiotherapy is usually recommended for advanced disease, but whether or not to use it in pT1-T2 pN0 situations is still being debated. This study was designed to clarify whether or not routine radiotherapy of the chest wall following mastectomy reduces the risk of local recurrence and if it influences the overall survival rate. METHODS: Retrospective analysis of patients treated with mastectomy for pT1-T2 pN0 tumors and no systemic treatment. Patients treated with radiotherapy of the chest wall following mastectomy (Group A) are compared with those treated with mastectomy alone (Group B). RESULTS: A total of 918 patients underwent mastectomy. Patients who received adjuvant radiotherapy after mastectomy (n = 114) had a significantly lower risk for local recurrence. Ten years after the primary diagnosis, 98.1% of the patients with radiotherapy were disease free compared to 86.4% of the patients without radiotherapy. The average time interval from primary diagnosis until local recurrence was 8.9 years in Group A and 2.8 years in Group B. The Cox regression analysis including radiotherapy, tumor size and tumor grading found the highest risk for local recurrence for patients without radiotherapy (p < 0.0004). In terms of overall survival however, the Kaplan-Meier analysis showed no difference between the two groups (p = 0.8787) and the Cox regression analysis failed to show any impact on overall survival. CONCLUSION: With observation spanning over 35 years, this study shows that adjuvant radiotherapy of the chest wall following mastectomy reduces the risk for local recurrence in node-negative patients with pT1-T2 tumors but has no impact on the overall survival rate.     

鼻咽癌组织中EGFR和nm23基因表达与预后关系研究

目的 探讨表皮生长因子受体(EGFR)和转移抑制基因(nm23)表达与鼻咽癌(NPC)患者预后的相关性.方法 回顾分析本院2003-2006年放疗前行鼻咽活检且资料完整的127例经病理证实的鼻咽癌患者,所有患者均采用6 MV X线调强放疗联合顺铂+氟尿嘧啶方案化疗.采用免疫组化链霉素抗生物素蛋白-过氧化物酶法(SP)检...     

嗅神经母细胞瘤综合治疗疗效及失败模式分析

目的 分析嗅神经母细胞瘤单中心的治疗疗效及失败模式。方法 回顾性分析本院1979—2014年间初诊112例无远处转移嗅神经母细胞瘤病例,改良Kadish分期A期1例、B期23例、C期60例、D期28例。手术+术后放疗±化疗者51例,放疗±化疗者46例,术前放疗+手术±化疗者11例,手术±化疗者3例,单纯化疗者1例。Kaplan-Meier法计算生存率。结果 全组5年样本数44例, 5年OS和DFS分别为66%和55%,术前放疗+手术±化疗者分别为91%和82%,手术+术后放疗±化疗者分别为80%和66%,放疗±化疗者分别为46%和37%。3例单纯手术均出现复发,1例姑息化疗者生存时间为6个月。全组共47例治疗失败,失败率为42%,以远处转移为首次失败方式者占总失败的53%、局部区域复发占36%、同时存在局部区域复发及远处转移者为11%。结论 嗅神经母细胞瘤治疗仍推荐放疗+手术综合治疗方案。综合治疗模式下嗅神经母细胞瘤局部区域控制率及疗效尚可,主要失败方式为远处转移。