手法小切口白内障手术对糖尿病白内障患者角膜变化的影响

手法小切口白内障手术（MSICS）对糖尿病白内障患者角膜内皮细胞和角膜厚度变化的影响。方法60 例2 型糖尿病白内障患者60 只眼睛（糖尿病组）以及60 例年龄匹配的非糖尿病棕色白内障60 只眼睛（对照组）接受MSICS。术前、术后1、6 和12 周采用非接触角膜内皮显微镜检测所有患者角膜内皮细胞及角膜中央厚度。并且评估角膜内皮细胞形态学和六角形细胞百分比变化。结果对照组术前平均角膜内皮细胞计数高于糖尿病组（p <0.05）。两组术后角膜内皮细胞均减少（单因素方差分析p<0.05）。糖尿病组术后角膜内皮细胞数的减少（14.19%, p<0.05）高于非糖尿病组（8.05%）。糖尿病组角膜中央厚度增加大于对照组（p <0.05）。糖尿病组六角形细胞百分比的变化大于对照组（p <0.05）。组间变异系数的差异无统计学意义（p <0.05）。结论与非糖尿病患者相比,糖尿病患者MSICS 术后角膜内皮细胞损伤更多。建议糖尿病患者接受眼内手术前,对角膜内皮细胞进行评估。     

2型糖尿病患者角膜厚度和内皮细胞形态学的初步研究

目的　研究 2型糖尿病患者角膜厚度和内皮细胞形态学的变化。方法　采用角膜测厚仪和非接触式角膜内皮镜对 60例 ( 60眼 ) 2型糖尿病患者及 60例 ( 60眼 )健康志愿者的角膜厚度及内皮细胞形态进行比较研究 ;并采用逐步回归分析方法研究全身因素对角膜内皮细胞密度及角膜厚度的影响。结果　糖尿病患者较正常人角膜内皮细胞密度降低 ,细胞面积变异系数增加 ,差异有显著性 (P <0 .0 5 )。角膜厚度两组间差异无显著性。增殖性糖尿病视网膜病变患者较单纯性糖尿病视网膜病变患者角膜内皮细胞密度显著降低 (P <0 .0 5 )。糖尿病患者血浆糖化血红蛋白水平与角膜内皮细胞密度负相关 (r=-0 .761,P <0 .0 1)。无一全身因素与角膜厚度相关。结论　糖尿病患者角膜内皮细胞形态结构异常 ,且随糖尿病视网膜病变的加重而加重。糖尿病患者在内眼手术及眼外伤手术时应特别注意保护角膜内皮 ,防止角膜内皮功能失代偿。     

糖尿病患者角膜内皮细胞的形态学研究

目的研究2型糖尿病患者角膜内皮细胞的形态学改变.方法检测糖尿病患者45例63眼及非糖尿病患者12例21眼的角膜内皮细胞.结果与同年龄非糖尿病组比较,糖尿病患者角膜内皮正六边形细胞百分比明显下降;变异系数增大.随着糖尿病性视网膜病变的程度增加,角膜内皮细胞的变异系数逐渐增大,正六边形细胞百分比逐渐下降.结论糖尿病对角膜内皮细胞的影响主要以正六边形细胞百分比下降为主.     

人工晶体植入对角膜内皮细胞的影响

为探讨人工晶体植入术内皮细胞的形态学变化，采用非接触型角膜内皮显微镜观察老年性白内障和糖尿病性白内障的内皮细胞。结果老年组角膜内皮细胞损失率低于糖尿病组，有显著性差异，糖尿病组细胞面积变异系数明显升高，六边形细胞百分数明显降低，结论：人工晶体植入术需具备熟炼的手术技能。     

糖尿病性白内障术后角膜内皮细胞的变化

目的:观察糖尿病性白内障患者超声乳化术后角膜内皮细胞形态学的变化,探索糖尿病患者术后角膜内皮细胞的变化规律及影响因素。方法:随机选取28例(32眼)非胰岛素依赖型糖尿病合并老年性白内障患者行经透明角膜切口的白内障超声乳化吸除术联合折叠式人工晶体植入术。所有患者于术前、术后3月分别行角膜中央区和手术切口区内皮细胞观察,检测其细胞密度、六角形细胞比例和变异系数。结果:白内障超声乳化术后角膜内皮细胞密度和六角形细胞比例均呈现逐渐下降趋势,变异系数渐增加。术后切口区内皮细胞密度低于中央区,有显著性差异。六角形细胞比例低于中央区,变异系数高于中央区。结论:白内障超声乳化术中,糖尿病患者角膜内皮受到超声因素和机械因素的双重损伤。手术切口区内皮细胞丢失明显大于中央区,所以对于白内障患者尤其合并糖尿病者,在超声因素(能量、时间)损伤的基础上,应注意机械因素的作用;并且这种创伤对角膜内皮的影响可能更大。     

糖尿病白内障超声乳化术后角膜内皮的变化研究

目的探讨白内障超声乳化对糖尿病患者角膜内皮细胞的影响。方法 104例白内障患者中分为糖尿病组:白内障合并糖尿病患者50例(68眼);对照组:白内障非糖尿病患者54例(64眼)。应用角膜内皮显微镜于术前及术后1天、1周、1月、3月测量角膜内皮细胞密度、变异系数,分析结果。结果两组中央角膜内皮细胞密度、内皮细胞变异系数及厚度手术前后各时间比较差异均无显著性(P>0.05)。但是在组内观察各个变量随时间的变化时显示,糖尿病病人的内皮细胞对损伤的反应及修复能力较无糖尿病病人差。结论糖尿病病人白内障术后角膜内皮细胞的改变主要表现为对损伤的反应及修复能力减弱。     

超声乳化白内障摘除术与小切口白内障摘除术对角膜内皮细胞影响的对比研究

目的 通过观察超声乳化白内障摘除手术和小切口白内障摘除术对角膜内皮细胞的数量和形态学(变异系数、六角形细胞比例)以及中央角膜厚度的变化,分析两种手术方式对角膜内皮细胞的安全性。 方法 分析2015年1—12月就诊于蚌埠医学院第一附属医院的共200例白内障患者,分为2组,所有患者均接受6周的随访。超声乳化组患者100例,接受超声乳化白内障手术;小切口组患者100例,接受小切口白内障摘除术。对比2组患者术前、术后各时期中央角膜厚度、内皮细胞密度、变异系数及六角形细胞比例变化情况。 结果 术前、术后6周2组患者中央角膜厚度变化比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),术后1周,小切口组患者中央角膜厚度变化与超声乳化组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。术前、术后各时期,2组患者内皮细胞密度变化比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。2组患者各时期角膜内皮细胞面积变异系数及六角形细胞比例变化差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。 结论 2种手术方式均会造成不同程度的角膜内皮细胞丢失,但两者对角膜内皮细胞功能和形态学的影响无显著差异。而术前详细的检查,术中精细、熟练的操作以及术后精心的观察治疗,是减少白内障患者角膜内皮细胞丢失的关键。      

早期圆锥角膜共焦显微镜形态学研究

目的 了解早期圆锥角膜共焦显微镜的影像特征，评价共焦显微镜（confocal microscopv）对早期圆锥角膜（keratoconus）的临床检查意义和诊断价值。方法 对Orbscan角膜地形图检查诊断为早期圆锥角膜的患者18例（19只眼）进行共焦显微镜检查，同时对正常人14例（28只眼）进行共焦显微镜检查，比较两组之间共焦显微镜形态学特征、角膜基质、内皮细胞的密度以及角膜厚度的差异。结果 共焦显微镜下，早期圆锥角膜患者18例（19只眼），有8例（9只眼）的角膜组织结构出现变化，表现为后基质层出现微小皱折，上皮层、前基质层及内皮层未发现异常改变。与正常组比较，早期圆锥角膜的角膜中央厚度轻度变薄（P=0．000），角膜基质、内皮细胞密度与正常组比较无显著性差异。结论 共焦显微镜可活体检查早期圆锥角膜组织结构和细胞的病理改变，为早期圆锥角膜的诊断及研究提供一个新的手段．     

糖尿病患者小切口白内障手术后的角膜改变

目的:评价糖尿病患者小切口白内障手术后的角膜内皮功能性损害。方法:2型糖尿病患者93只眼(糖尿病组),非糖尿病患者93只眼(非糖尿病组),分别进行白内障手术。使用角膜地形图分别测量术前和术后1d、1周及1月的中央区角膜厚度。使用非接触性角膜内皮显微镜对角膜内皮细胞进行计数。结果:糖尿病组和非糖尿病组术前各参数无显著性差异。术后1月,糖尿病组角膜厚度增加显著高于非糖尿病组(P=0.03)。术后1d和1周,糖尿病组角膜内皮细胞丢失较非糖尿病组显著增加(1d后,P=0.03;1周后,P=0.04)。结论:与非糖尿病组相比,糖尿病组患者白内障术后角膜内皮…     

糖尿病病人白内障手术后中央角膜内皮及厚度的变化

目的 观察糖尿病病人白内障术后中央角膜内皮细胞的数目、形态及中央角膜厚度的变化,同时观察角膜厚度与角膜内皮细胞密度的关系。方法 选择并发糖尿病的老年性白内障病人26例（28眼）,在行小切口白内障囊外摘除联合后房型人工晶体植入术前及术后3 d、1周、1月、3月时,应用带有角膜测厚仪的非接触式角膜内皮显微镜观察其中央角膜的内皮细胞密度、内皮细胞变异系数及厚度的变化,并与34例无糖尿病的老年性白内障病人进行对照。分析组间及组内不同时间各变量的变化,同时进行角膜厚度与角膜内皮细胞密度相关性分析。结果 两组中央角膜内皮细胞密度、内皮细胞变异系数及厚度手术前后各时间比较差异均无显著性（P〉0.05）。角膜厚度与角膜内皮细胞数无相关性（r=0.095、0.084,P〉0.05）。但是在组内观察各个变量随时间的变化时显示,糖尿病病人的内皮细胞对损伤的反应及修复能力较无糖尿病病人差。结论 糖尿病病人白内障术后角膜内皮细胞的改变主要表现为对损伤的反应及修复能力减弱。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.