双相障碍抑郁发作与重性抑郁障碍患者认知功能损害比较

目的:探讨双相障碍抑郁发作(BD-M)和重性抑郁障碍(MDD)患者认知功能损害的差异.方法:采用汉密尔顿抑郁量表(HAMD)-17项对患者进行抑郁症状严重程度评估;采用剑桥神经心理成套测试(CANTAB)对80例BD-M患者(BD-M组)、137例MDD患者(MDD组)及90名正常对照者(NC组)进行视觉记忆、工作记忆...     

重性抑郁障碍患者认知功能和失眠的相关性研究

目的 探讨重性抑郁障碍(MDD)患者失眠与认知功能的关系.方法 选取2014年9月至2016年9月于首都医科大学附属北京安定医院门诊就诊的101例MDD患者为研究对象.采用中文版重复性成套神经心理状态测验(RBANS)评估患者的认知功能;采用汉密尔顿抑郁量表17项(HAMD-17)评估患者睡眠情况,根据睡眠障碍因子得分...     

儿童青少年抑郁障碍患者认知功能损害特征的研究进展

抑郁障碍是儿童及青少年时期常见的精神心理疾病,给家庭和社会带来了巨大负担。儿 童青少年抑郁障碍患者的执行功能、注意力、学习记忆以及信息加工速度等认知功能存在不同程度的 损害,并会影响患者的成长、治疗效果及教育和社会功能。本文从神经心理测验的角度综述了儿童青 少年抑郁障碍患者不同维度的认知功能损害特征,为早期识别、干预治疗和改善预后提供参考。     

抑郁障碍患者的认知功能损害及相关因素分析

目的:探索抑郁障碍患者认知功能损害的特点,以及与临床特征和症状严重程度的关系。方法:采用成套神经认知测试系统(CANTAB)对90例抑郁障碍患者及100例健康对照者进行认知功能测试,包括视觉记忆、持续注意、工作记忆与执行功能。结果:患者组所有认知功能与对照组相比,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。抑郁发作次数与视觉记忆、持续注意负相关(P0.01);单次抑郁发作持续时间与持续注意、执行功能负相关(P均0.01)。汉密尔顿抑郁量表的认知障碍因子与视觉记忆负相关(P均0.01);焦虑/躯体化因子、阻滞因子与持续注意负相关(P均0.05)。结论:抑郁障碍患者存在广泛的认知功能损害,临床特征和症状严重度对认识功能损害存在差异性的影响。     

帕金森病患者的抑郁与认知功能障碍

目的探讨帕金森病(PD)患者的抑郁与认知功能障碍之间的关系。方法对60名PD患者和38名对照组进行抑郁和认知功能评定。结果PD组HAMD均分(16.8±0.6),对照组(7.2±2.8);PD组的认知功能与对照组相比下降;PD并抑郁患者的认知功能与PD并非抑郁患者的认知功能相比有显著性差异(P<0.05)。结论PD患者存在抑郁与认知功能障碍,抑郁可能是导致认知功能下降的重要因素。     

重性抑郁障碍临床痊愈患者心理社会功能特征研究

目的:研究重性抑郁障碍患者在达到临床痊愈标准后心理社会功能的特点。方法:采用生活质量综合评定问卷(GQOLI-74)的躯体、心理、社会功能分量表、17项汉密顿抑郁量表(HAMD)、社会支持评定量表(SSS)和生活事件量表(LES),对32例经住院治疗后达到临床痊愈的重性抑郁障碍患者和32名正常人进行调查分析。结果:协变量方差分析显示,以客观社会支持或负性生活事件为协变量时;研究组躯体功能维度(F=5.75,P<0.05)及躯体不适感因子得分(F=5.51,P<0.05)显著低于对照组;研究组心理功能维度中的正性情感因子得分(F=4.75,P<0.05)显著高于对照组;研究组社会功能维度中的工作学习(t=-3.80,P<0.01)和婚姻家庭因子得分(t=-3.30,P<0.01)显著低于对照组,该维度中的社会支持因子(F=4.94,P<0.05)和业余娱乐生活因子得分(F=9.30,P<0.01)显著高于对照组;研究组总体生活质量因子得分(F=4.14,P<0.05)显著低于对照组。结论:临床痊愈的重性抑郁障碍患者心理功能可能已恢复至正常水平,躯体、社会功能可能尚未完全恢复。     

上海社区老年抑郁障碍与遗忘型轻度认知功能损害患者的认知功能对照研究

目的:探讨上海社区老年抑郁障碍与遗忘型轻度认知功能损害(aMCI)患者之间认知功能的神经心理学差异。方法:1 068例社区老人中符合美国精神障碍诊断与统计手册第4版临床定式检查(SCID)的老年抑郁障碍患者13例及亚临床抑郁患者7例,共20例作为抑郁障碍组(DD组),并选取性别、年龄、教育程度均匹配的aMCI患者20例(aMCI组)及正常老人20名(NC组)作为对照,采用简明精神状态量表(MMSE)、蒙特利尔认知评估量表(MoCA)进行认知功能的测评。结果:3组在MMSE总分及地点定向力、计算与注意力、三步指令评分,以及MoCA总分、复制图、注意、计算、延迟回忆、时间定向评分差异有统计学意义(P0.05或P0.001)。DD组MMSE总分(P=0.034)、计算力与注意力(P=0.009)以及MoCA总分(P=0.002)、计算(P=0.006)、抽象思维(P=0.030)、时间定向(P=0.044)评分明显好于aMCI组。结论:社区老年抑郁障碍患者认知功能受损程度较老年aMCI患者轻。     

晚发型抑郁障碍患者认知功能损害的神经心理学特点

目的 探讨晚发型抑郁障碍患者认知功能损害的情况.方法 选择2012年7月～2013年8月上海市精神卫生中心老年科住院与门诊符合DSM-Ⅳ诊断标准的起病年龄≥60岁的抑郁障碍患者26例为晚发型抑郁障碍组（LOD组）,同时选取性别、年龄1∶1匹配的上海社区正常老人26例作为正常对照（NC）组.认知功能评估采用简明精神状态量表（MMSE）、蒙特利尔量表（MoCA）.结果 LOD组与NC组比较MMSE总分、时间定向力、地点定向力、计算力与注意力差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）.两组MoCA总分及各因子分,两组之间在MoCA总分、画钟、注意、持续注意、计算、复述、延迟回忆及时间定向差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）.结论 晚发型抑郁障碍患者认知功能存在损害且涉及范围较广,包括注意力、执行功能、延迟回忆、定向力等方面.     

晚发型抑郁障碍与轻度认知功能损害患者的认知功能差异研究

目的 探讨晚发型抑郁障碍患者与轻度认知功能损害患者的认知功能损害的差异.方法 研究对象为2012年7月～2013年8月上海市精神卫生中心老年科住院与门诊就诊符合DSM—Ⅳ诊断标准且起病年龄≥60岁的抑郁障碍患者,共26例为晚发型抑郁障碍组（LOD组）,另选择26例轻度认知功能损害的患者（MCI组）与26例正常老年人（NC组）.认知功能评估采用简明精神状态量表（MMSE）、蒙特利尔量表（MoCA）.结果 MMSE总分、MMSE分测验中计算力与注意力及MoCA总分、MoCA分测验中连线、注意、持续注意、计算、复述、延迟回忆在LOD组与MCI组差比较异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）,两组与NC组比较差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）.三组在MMSE分测验的时间定向、延迟回忆、三步指令、书写书面指令及MoCA分测验的复制图、画钟、命名比较,MCI组均值最低,与NC组比较差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）,与LOD组比较差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）.结论 LOD组认知功能在注意力、延迟回忆、连线测验方面与MCI组损害程度相当.MCI组认知功能受损范围较LOD组广泛.     

睡眠障碍对认知功能影响的研究进展

睡眠对维持心身健康必不可少,人的一生中约1／3是睡眠时间,良好的睡眠有助于精力和体力的恢复,从而更好地完成日常工作和学习。睡眠是缓解大脑疲劳的主要方式,长时间的睡眠质量不佳会影响大脑的机能,影响认知功能。常见的睡眠障碍包括：失眠症（Insomnia）、嗜睡症（Hypersomnia ）、睡眠－觉醒节律障碍（Sleep－wake Schedule Disorder ）、阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征（OSAS ）、不宁腿综合征（Restless Legs Syndrome ,RLS ）、睡行症（Sleep Walking ）、夜惊（Sleep Terror）以及梦魇（Nightmare）等。研究表明,睡眠障碍与认知功能相关,现对睡眠障碍及治疗对认知功能影响的研究现状作一综述。     

Theory of mind deficits in patients with mild symptoms of major depressive disorder

The aim of this study was to investigate theory of mind (ToM) in a sample of depressed patients with mild symptom severity using a measure with varied cognitive processing demands. Patients demonstrated impaired performance on second-order, cognitively demanding ToM scenarios. Reduced ToM ability was associated with poor psychosocial functioning.     

Disrupted reward circuits is associated with cognitive deficits and depression severity in major depressive disorder

Neuroimaging studies have demonstrated that major depressive disorder (MDD) patients show blunted activity responses to reward-related tasks. However, whether abnormal reward circuits affect cognition and depression in MDD patients remains unclear. Seventy-five drug-naive MDD patients and 42 cognitively normal (CN) subjects underwent a resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging scan. The bilateral nucleus accumbens (NAc) were selected as seeds to construct reward circuits across all subjects. A multivariate linear regression analysis was employed to investigate the neural substrates of cognitive function and depression severity on the reward circuits in MDD patients. The common pathway underlying cognitive deficits and depression was identified with conjunction analysis. Compared with CN subjects, MDD patients showed decreased reward network connectivity that was primarily located in the prefrontal-striatal regions. Importantly, distinct and common neural pathways underlying cognition and depression were identified, implying the independent and synergistic effects of cognitive deficits and depression severity on reward circuits. This study demonstrated that disrupted topological organization within reward circuits was significantly associated with cognitive deficits and depression severity in MDD patients. These findings suggest that in addition to antidepressant treatment, normalized reward circuits should be a focus and a target for improving depression and cognitive deficits in MDD patients.     

Neurocognitive deficits and disability in major depressive disorder

Disability in life functioning is an important and poorly understood consequence of major depressive disorder (MDD). Mood symptoms do not account for the magnitude of disability resulting from MDD. Impairments in several domains of neurocognitive (NC) functioning have been shown to interfere with functionality in other psychiatric populations. These deficits, also present in MDD, may play a significant role in disability experienced by many with this disorder. The aim of this study was to examine the degree to which NC deficits, independent of affective and psychotic symptoms, explain functional outcome 6 months following hospitalization for a major depressive episode. Participants with an MDD diagnosis (N=48) received NC testing and symptom ratings while in the hospital. These procedures were repeated, along with functionality ratings, 6 months later. Six-month NC performance was strongly associated with functionality ratings after covariation for residual depression. Selected NC domains tested at baseline were predictive of functionality at 6 months. These data indicate that NC deficits, at least for some MDD sufferers, play an important role in functional recovery. New treatments, whether pharmacologic or rehabilitative, may be required to help affected patients accommodate neurocognitively based performance deficits at work, at home and in the community.     

Evidence for GABAergic inhibitory deficits in major depressive disorder

Converging evidence suggests that deficits in gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) functioning are implicated in the pathophysiology of major depressive disorder (MDD). This is highlighted by research investigating cortical inhibition (CI), a process whereby GABAergic interneurons selectively attenuate pyramidal neurons. Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) paradigms evaluate this marker of neuronal inhibitory activity in the cortex. This review will examine the neuroanatomic and neurophysiological evidence from neuroimaging, molecular, treatment, and TMS studies linking dysfunctional GABAergic neurotransmission to MDD.     

Elevated triglyceride levels are associated with cognitive impairments among patients with major depressive disorder

BackgroundCognitive deficits have been identified as one of core clinical symptoms of major depressive disorder (MDD). Accumulating evidence indicated that triglycerides (TG) might be associated with MDD and cognitive decline.ObjectiveThis study examined whether patients with MDD had poorer cognitive functions than healthy controls, and further investigate whether TG levels were involved in MDD, and its cognitive impairments in a Han Chinese population.Method115 patients with MDD and 119 healthy controls were enrolled. Cognitive functions were assessed by the Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status (RBANS), and serum TG levels were examined using enzymatic colorimetry.ResultsTG levels were higher in patients with MDD than healthy controls after controlling for the variables. Cognitive test scores were lower in patients with MDD than healthy controls except for visuospatial/constructional index after controlling for the variables. TG levels were negatively correlated with visuospatial/constructional score, delayed memory score and RBANS total score of MDD. Further multivariate regression analysis showed that TG levels were negatively associated with visuospatial/constructional score, attention score, delayed memory score and RBANS total score of MDD.ConclusionsOur findings supported that serum TG levels might be involved in MDD, and play an important role in cognitive impairments of MDD, especially in delayed memory. Moreover, patients with MDD experienced greater cognitive impairments than healthy controls except for visuospatial/constructional index.     

Long-term effectiveness of cognitive therapy in major depressive disorder

Cognitive therapy of depression, based on the cognitive theory of depression, is an established treatment for major depressive disorder. Although few clinicians expect acute treatment of depression with antidepressant medication to prevent long-term relapse of the illness, some practitioners of cognitive therapy report long-term effectiveness in preventing relapse after short-term treatment. We set out to reanalyze follow-up studies in the literature, using intent-to-treat principles to assess the long-term effects of acute treatment with cognitive therapy. From an initial reference list of 97 citations that met our search criteria (controlled clinical trials of cognitive therapy in depression with follow-up), we found five trials that met our inclusion criteria. This report reviews and reanalyzes these five trials, published between 1981 and 1992, which compare cognitive therapy and tricyclic antidepressant therapy. Overall, the evidence favors a longer-term effect for cognitive therapy over tricyclic antidepressants alone.     

Suicide risk in patients with major depressive disorder

Understanding the origins of suicide is the first step in preventing it. Review of the current literature has revealed only limited data from general practice and community samples; most research has been performed on inpatient psychiatric populations, and extended follow-ups are rare. Mood disorders were found to be highly associated with suicide, especially in patients with major depressive disorder. Depression is an important factor in suicides of adolescents and the elderly, but those with late-onset depression are at higher risk. Both comorbidity with other disorders, such as anxiety and agitation, and rapid changes in the depressive state, for instance after release from the hospital, increase the risk for suicide.     

激越/迟滞型抑郁症首次发作患者的认知功能

目的:探讨激越型和迟滞型抑郁症首次发作患者的认知功能特征及其影响因素。方法:77例抑郁症首次发作患者根据汉密尔顿抑郁量表(HAMD-17)激越项目单项≥3分者进入激越组(n=20例);迟滞项目单项≥3分者进入迟滞组(n=24例);上述2项同时<3分者则进入混合组(n=33例)以及40名正常人(正常对照组)进行威斯康星卡片分类测试(WCST)、持续性操作测验(CPT)、韦氏记忆测验(WMS)测试,记录相应观测指标,并与临床症状、精神药物剂量进行相关性分析。结果:①与正常对照组相比,抑郁症患者存在着广泛的认知功能损害(P<0.05或P<0.01);②激越组和迟滞组在WCST所有指标、CPT舍弃数、误答数、平均反应时间、WMS记忆商数、短时记忆、瞬时记忆上与混合组差异有统计学意义(P<0.05或P<0.01);③激越组与迟滞组在WCST中的非持续性错误答案数、CPT中的误答数、平均反应时间、WMS中的短时记忆方面差异有统计学意义(P<0.05或P<0.01);④大部分观测指标与临床症状以及抗抑郁药丙咪嗪等效剂量、镇静催眠药地西泮等效剂量和抗精神病药氯丙嗪等效剂量之间无显著相关。结论:激越和迟滞型抑郁症患者的认知损害不尽相同,提示抑郁症是一种异源性疾病。     

难治性抑郁症与首发未用药抑郁症患者认知功能比较

目的 探究难治性抑郁症患者与首发未用药抑郁症患者认知功能的差异,并分析抑郁症临床症状严重程度与认知功能的关系,为改善预后提供参考。方法 连续入组2016年11月-2019年12月在广州市某医院门诊就诊的首发未用药抑郁症患者119例、难治性抑郁症患者82例,并从社区招募71名健康人群作为健康对照组。采用汉密尔顿抑郁量表17项版（HAMD-17）及汉密尔顿焦虑量表（HAMA）评估被试的抑郁及焦虑症状,采用精神分裂症认知功能成套测验共识版（MCCB）评估认知功能,包括处理速度、工作记忆、语言学习与记忆、视觉学习与记忆。采用多元协方差分析比较三组认知功能的差异,采用偏相关分析分别探索两组患者组内HAMD-17、HAMA评分与MCCB四个维度评分的关系。结果 难治性抑郁症组和首发未用药抑郁症组MCCB的处理速度、视觉学习与记忆评分均低于健康对照组,难治性抑郁症组的工作记忆评分低于健康对照组,差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05或0.01）;难治性抑郁症组的处理速度、视觉学习与记忆评分均低于首发未用药抑郁症组,差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05或0.01）。偏相关分析结果显示,两组患者同组内HAMD-17、HAMA评分与MCCB四个认知功能维度评分均无相关性（P均>0.05）。结论 与首发未用药抑郁症患者和健康人群相比,难治性抑郁症患者的处理速度、视觉学习与记忆功能损伤更突出。而首发未用药抑郁症患者与难治性抑郁症患者,认知功能缺陷与抑郁、焦虑严重程度无相关性。