成人房间隔缺损三种不同手术方式临床对比分析

目的:通过正中开胸、右胸前外侧切口、全胸腔镜下房间隔缺损修补的临床对比,研究不同方式房间隔缺损修补的优缺点。方法:选取2007年7月至2010年6月房间隔缺损修补术患者131例,根据手术切口的不同,分为正中开胸组63例、右胸切口组37例、胸腔镜组31例,比较不同组间住院相关时间、主动脉阻断时间、体外循环时间、引流量及住院费用等。结果:住院时间、胸管引流量差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),而在主动脉阻断时间、体外循环时间、住ICU时间、呼吸机辅助时间及住院费用方面差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:右胸前外侧切口、全胸腔镜下房间隔缺损修补术与传统正中开胸手术比较各具优缺点,同样安全有效,但对于成人全胸腔镜下房间隔缺损修补术患者住院时间短、手术创伤小、不横断胸骨及切口美观,符合现代健康理念,更具有优势。     

胸腔镜下与常规开胸房间隔缺损修补术临床对比分析

目的探讨常规正中胸骨开胸直视下与完全胸腔镜下房间隔缺损修补术对先天性房间隔缺损患者术后恢复的影响。方法先天性房间隔缺损患者30例,分为15例开胸组行常规正中胸骨开胸直视房间隔缺损修补术和15例胸腔镜组行完全胸腔镜下房间隔缺损修补术,记录临床疗效相关数据。结果胸腔镜组的手术时间、SICU气管插管时间、术后住院时间和术后胸腔引流量均明显少于开胸组(均P0.05),且术后4周恢复工作者的比例与开胸组比较差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。两组患者术后均无死亡或严重并发症的出现。术后随访3个月两组均无残余分流等异常情况。结论完全胸腔镜下房间隔缺损修补术的手术损伤较小,临床疗效较为理想,更有助于患者术后恢复。     

微创非体外循环房间隔缺损封堵术的临床应用

目的小结微创非体外循环下房间隔缺损(ASD)封堵术的临床应用经验. 方法对12例继发孔型ASD患儿,年龄2～16岁,平均(5.9±3.8)岁,进行微创非体外循环房间隔缺损封堵术.全麻下经右胸第4肋间胸骨旁2～3 cm小切口入胸,根据超声心动图选择合适的封堵器类型,超声引导下释放封堵器关闭ASD,实时监测封堵器的位置、有无残余分流以及是否累及房室瓣及冠状静脉窦. 结果12例患儿均1次封堵成功,超声引导下释放封堵器的时间为3～14 min,平均(6.5±3.1)min,无封堵器脱落,无残余分流.术后3～5天出院.结论经右胸小切口置入房间隔缺损封堵器是一种安全、有效的治疗方法,值得推广使用.     

微创非体外循环房间隔缺损封堵术的临床应用

目的:小结微刨非体外循环下房间隔缺损(ASD)封堵术的临床应用经验.方法:对12例继发孔型ASD患儿,年龄2～16岁,平均(5.9±3.8)岁,进行微创非体外循环房间隔缺损封堵术.全麻下经右胸第4肋间胸骨旁2～3cm小切口入胸,根据超声心动图选择合适的封堵器类型,超声引导下释放封堵器关闭ASD,实时监测封堵器的位置、有无残余分流以及是否累及房室瓣及冠状静脉窦.结果:12例患儿均1次封堵成功,超声引导下释放封堵器的时间为3～14min,平均(6.5±3.1)min,无封堵器脱落,无残余分流.术后3～5天出院.结论:经右胸小切口置入房间隔缺损封堵器是一种安全、有效的治疗方法,值得推广使用.     

右腋下直小切口在小儿心脏病手术中的显露体会

目的：总结右腋下微创直切口先天性心脏病矫治经验;方法：回顾性分析2010年3月至2013年6月间,采用右腋下微创直切口实施的先天性心脏病矫治121例,房间隔缺损(ASD)31例,室间隔缺损(VSD)82例,ASD合并VSD 3例,所有VSD均为膜部或膜周部,部分型心内膜垫缺损(PECD)1例,ASD合并部分型肺静脉畸形引流(PAPVC)2例,ASD合并肺动脉瓣狭窄2例。结果：全组手术顺利,无死亡,无严重并发症发生。体外循环时间(78±18)min,主动脉阻断时间(44.0±12.0)min。引流量(275±135)ml,术后呼吸机辅助呼吸3-9.5h,术后住院时间(6.8士1.4)d,无房室传导阻滞,无二次开胸止血术,出院时测量手术切口长4.3-6.5cm。结论：右腋下微创直切口剖胸具有损伤小、恢复快、切口隐蔽美观、不破坏胸廓连续性等优点,值得临床推广。     

微创右前外小切口房间隔缺损修补术38例分析

目的:正中开胸行房间隔缺损(atrial septal defects,ASD)修补术是一项低风险和高效的手术方式,而右前外小切口微创手术由于其创口小,效果好而成为一种更好的选择。本文总结38例右前外小切口修补成人ASD的临床经验。方法:从2010年4月至2012年10月,共完成各类微创ASD患者38例,其中男性10例,女性28例,年龄平均(33.3±13.0)岁。手术操作特别关注以下几点:右前外小切口,长约4～6 cm,女性患者注意保护乳腺组织,预防膈神经损伤,均采用股动静脉插管,经胸阻断升主动脉。结果:患者中有21例为不停跳手术,体外循环时间平均(61.3±19.3)min;心脏停跳患者17例,体外循环时间平均(78.6±28.6)min,主动脉阻断时间平均(45.0±26.1)min。术后住院时间平均(5.7±2.2)d,未输血率81.6%。无手术死亡,无围术期并发症,无膈神经损伤。术后1例患者由于肝素诱发的血小板减少而导致大量渗血。出院超声检查无残余漏,对小切口美观效果感到非常满意的达73.68%,感到满意的有26.32%,无胸廓畸形和膈神经损伤。结论:右前外小切口微创手术方法治疗ASD,是安全可靠的,具有良好的美观效果。因此,推荐作为ASD修补的标准方法,尤其是女性患者。     

全胸腔镜下房间隔缺损修补术

目的分析单一术者连续完成的50例全胸腔镜下房间隔缺损修补术的早期结果,总结经验并分析学习曲线。方法 2013年1月至2015年12月,由广东省人民医院单一术者连续完成全胸腔镜下房间隔缺损修补术患者50例。以手术时间为序分为两组:前25例为A组,后25例为B组,比较两组在体外循环时间、主动脉阻断时间、术后24 h胸液量、机械通气时间等指标的差异。手术采用股动静脉插管及颈静脉插管建立外周体外循环,心内操作在全胸腔镜下完成。结果两组中仅1例患者输注血浆200 mL,无输注红细胞的患者,未输血率达98%(49/50)。无患者手术死亡,未出现围术期并发症。所有患者在出院前均复查超声心动图,未发现残余分流。B组的体外循环时间、术后24 h胸液量、机械通气时间,重症监护病房入住时间等指标均低于A组;其中B组主动脉阻断时间及术后住院时间显著低于A组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论全胸腔镜下房间隔缺损修补术安全有效,具有创伤小、出血少、术后康复快等优点。经一定的学习曲线后,微创手术操作技术及质量趋于稳定     

全胸腔镜下心脏手术13例临床分析

【】:目的:总结分析13例全胸腔镜下心脏手术,探讨胸腔镜技术在治疗心脏疾病的临床应用。方法:从2012年10月至2014年12月在全麻低温体外循环下,用全胸腔镜行房间隔缺损修补术5例、室间隔修补术5例、二尖瓣置换术3例,其中二尖瓣置换同时行左房血栓清除术2例,二尖瓣置换同时行双极射频消融术治疗房颤1例 ;本组同时行三尖瓣DeVega成形术4例。结果:全组无死亡及并发症。体外循环时间40—198min,平均108±35min。升主动脉阻断时间20—78min,平均48±14min。手术时间90—188min,平均110±30min。术后复查心脏彩超示2例室间隔缺损修补术后有1～2mm针眼分流,3个月后复查示分流消失。随访1～12月无远期死亡,无残余分流或瓣周漏。结论:全胸腔镜心脏手术在简单先天性心脏病及二尖瓣置换等手术方面具有手术时间短、手术创伤小、住院时间短等优点,只要病例选择适当及加强围手术期处理,术后恢复快,切口小且隐蔽,符合美容要求,值得推广和应用。     

房间隔缺损全胸腔镜下修补和常规修补手术对比观察

目的探讨先天性心脏病房间隔缺损全胸腔镜下手术与常规开胸手术方法对患者血清细胞黏附分子（ICAM-I）、肿瘤坏死因子（TNF-α）、白细胞介素-6（IL-6）和心肌肌钙蛋白I（cTnI）变化的影响。方法全组20例,年龄932（17±12）岁,随机分成两组。右侧胸壁打孔（12 cm）,体外循环,电视胸腔镜下房间隔缺损修补术（胸腔镜手术组）10例;常规开胸、体外循环、心脏停跳房间隔缺损修补术（常规手术组）10例。结果全组无死亡。在术后12 h内,胸腔镜手术组各项指标峰值明显高于常规手术组。术后12 h以后胸腔镜手术组患者各项指标峰值下降幅度较大,而常规手术组则持续处于相对较高水平。结论胸腔镜手术患者在术后较早时间内全身炎症反应要重于常规手术患者;随后,胸腔镜手术患者此类指标恢复较常规手术患者更早、更快。     

右腋下微创小切口经左心房入路行成人复杂房间隔缺损修补术的临床应用

目的 探讨右腋下微创小切口经左心房入路行成人复杂房间隔缺损修补术的临床应用.方法 选取2019年12月至2021年10月浙江省人民医院心脏大血管外科收治的33例房间隔缺损患者的临床资料,年龄40～60岁.患者均接受胸腔镜辅助下无可见瘢痕右腋下微创手术,股动静脉插管建立体外循环,经左心房路径行房间隔缺损修补.结果 全组患...     

胰岛素瘤的解剖分布特点分析

目的胰岛素瘤是最常见的胰腺神经内分泌肿瘤，因其临床表现多样，导致诊断困难。影像学诊断尤其是超声内镜(EUS)在胰岛素瘤的诊断中起着重要作用，拥有较高的敏感性和特异性。本研究拟通过明确胰岛素瘤的解剖分布特点，以期有助于提高影像学的诊断准确率和降低漏诊率，尤其是在教育和培训实践中对于EUS的学习者更具有指导价值。 方法回顾性分析解放军总医院第一医学中心病案资料数据库1993年1月至2019年11月经外科手术、病理确诊为胰岛素瘤的患者的临床资料，检索方法采取搜索术后病理诊断为"胰岛素瘤"的病例，通过查阅病例的方法，提取出胰岛素瘤的大小和解剖分布等数据，进一步分析其特点。 结果共检索到确诊为胰岛素瘤的患者116例，其中，男45例、女71例，年龄13～76岁，平均年龄(44.4±14.85)岁。胰岛素瘤单发110例(94.8%)、多发6例(5.2%)。位置分布：头颈部46例(39.7%)，单发45例、多发1例；体尾部68例(58.6%)，单发65例、多发3例；全胰腺多发2例(1.7%)。病变大小特点：最大径0.4～3.4 cm，平均大小(1.53±0.58)cm。≤1 cm 29例、>1 cm而≤1.5 cm41例、>1.5 cm而≤2.0 cm28例，≤3 cm 15例，>3 cm 3例。年龄与肿瘤的大小相关，≤44岁患者肿瘤平均大小为(1.36±0.51)cm、>44岁患者肿瘤平均大小为(1.70±0.60)cm，P<0.05。头颈部的肿瘤大于体尾部的肿瘤，头颈部肿瘤平均大小(1.66±0.63)cm，体尾部(1.42±0.52)cm，P<0.05。 结论胰岛素瘤在胰腺体尾部较头颈部更好发；绝大多数单发，但可以全胰腺多发；多数小于1.5 cm，肿瘤的大小与患者年龄和肿瘤的解剖分布相关。     

Pathogenesis of carcinoma of the papilla of Vater

Most adenomas and carcinomas of the small intestine and extrahepatic bile ducts arise in the region of the papilla of Vater. In familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) it is the main location for carcinomas after proctocolectomy. In many cases symptoms due to stenosis lead to diagnosis at an early tumor stage. In about 80%, curative intended resection is possible. Operability is the most relevant prognostic factor. Most ampullary carcinomas resp. carcinomas of the papilla of Vater develop from adenomatous or flat dysplastic precursor lesions. They can be sited in the ampulloduodenal part of the papilla of Vater, which is lined by intestinal mucosa. They also can develop in deeper parts of the ampulla, which are lined by pancreaticobiliary duct mucosa. Intestinal-type adenocarcinoma and pancreaticobiliary-type adenocarcinoma represent the main histological types of ampullary carcinoma. Furthermore, there exist unusual types and undifferentiated carcinomas. Many carcinomas of intestinal type express the immunohistochemical marker profile of intestinal mucosa (keratin 7?, keratin 20+, MUC2+). Carcinomas of pancreaticobiliary type usually show the immunohistochemical profile of pancreaticobiliary duct mucosa (keratin 7+, keratin 20?, MUC2?). Even poorly differentiated carcinomas, as well as unusual histological types, may conserve the marker profile of the mucosa they developed from. These findings underline the concept of histogenetically different carcinomas of the papilla of Vater which develop either from intestinal- or from pancreaticobiliary-type mucosa of the papilla of Vater. Molecular alterations in ampullary carcinomas are similar to those of colorectal as well as pancreatic carcinomas, although they appear at different frequencies. In future studies, molecular alterations in ampullary carcinomas should be correlated closely with the different histologic tumor types. Consequently, the histologic classification should reflect the histogenesis of ampullary tumors from the two different types of papillary mucosa.     

Demonstration of the mechanism of action of biguanides

Summary Palmitic acid oxidation in rat diaphragm homogenate is depressed by biguanide concentrations that are still incapable of inhibiting oxidative phosphorylation. Glucose oxidation is not directly effected by the same biguanide concentrations: however, the inhibitory effect of palmitic acid on glucose oxidation is partly removed by biguanides. Inhibition of fatty acid oxidation, which accounts for most of the metabolic effects caused by these drugs, can be regarded as the fundamental mechanism of action of biguanides. There is some evidence suggesting that these drugs might interact with carnitine, thus preventing long-chain fatty acids from being transported across the mitochondrial membrane to the site of oxidation. Traduzione a cura degli AA.     

Lack of correlation of degree of villous atrophy with severity of clinical presentation of coeliac disease

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Both the clinical presentation and the degree of mucosal damage in coeliac disease vary greatly. In view of conflicting information as to whether the mode of presentation correlates with the degree of villous atrophy, we reviewed a large cohort of patients with coeliac disease. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We correlated mode of presentation (classical, diarrhoea predominant or atypical/silent) with histology of duodenal biopsies and examined their trends over time. RESULTS: The cohort consisted of 499 adults, mean age 44.1 years, 68% females. The majority had silent coeliac disease (56%) and total villous atrophy (65%). There was no correlation of mode of presentation with the degree of villous atrophy (p=0.25). Sixty-eight percent of females and 58% of males had a severe villous atrophy (p=0.052). There was a significant trend over time for a greater proportion of patients presenting as atypical/silent coeliac disease and having partial villous atrophy, though the majority still had total villous atrophy. CONCLUSIONS: Among our patients the degree of villous atrophy in duodenal biopsies did not correlate with the mode of presentation, indicating that factors other than the degree of villous atrophy must account for diarrhoea in coeliac disease.     

血吸虫童虫生长发育及其机制的研究进展

血吸虫童虫是宿主免疫系统攻击的重要靶标,包括皮肤型、肺型和肝门型童虫。宿主分子对童虫生长发育具有重要作用。童虫生长发育机制包括免疫调节、信号转导、性别发育及凋亡等。肌动蛋白、组织蛋白酶、烯醇化酶和葡萄糖基转移酶等分子为血吸虫童虫生长发育的重要分子。本文对血吸虫童虫生长发育及其机制的研究进展做一综述。     

124例耐多药结核分枝杆菌基因突变特征分析

目的对临床分离的耐多药结核分枝杆菌相关基因的突变特征进行分析。方法对124例耐多药结核分枝杆菌以及50株敏感株的耐药相关基因(包括异烟肼inh A、kat G、oxyR-ahp C间隔区以及利福平rpo B)进行序列测定,分析其基因突变情况。结果异烟肼耐药inh A基因突变率为14.5%;kat G基因突变率为70.2%(87/124),主要位于315位;oxyR-ahp C间隔区突变率为15.3%;inh A、kat G两种基因同时突变率75.0%,三种基因同时突变率为89.5%。利福平rpo B基因突变的检出率高达95.2%,突变主要发生在531、526、516位点。结论我省耐多药菌异烟肼耐药相关基因最常见突变为kat G 315、inh A C-T(-15)、axyR-ahp C间隔区(-10)C-T,利福平为rpo B531、526、516。结合MDR-TB耐药相关基因的特征分析,可以建立一种快速、准确、特异的适合于我省的检测结核菌耐多药性的新方法。     

氯硝柳胺悬浮剂的毒性评价

目的评价氯硝柳胺悬浮剂的毒性，为现场大规模应用灭螺提供依据。方法按照中华人民共和国国家标准GB 15670-1995《农药登记毒理学试验方法》和鱼类毒性试验方法进行。结果经口、经皮肤的LDso雌、雄性大鼠均>5 000 mg/kg，经呼吸道的LCso雌、雄性大鼠均>5 000mg/m3，该药经口、经皮肤、经呼吸道毒性均属微毒类药物；兔眼用药后，观察期内无不良反应，对眼无刺激性；皮肤用药后对皮肤无刺激性。与氯硝柳胺原药、氯硝柳胺乙醇胺盐原药和氯硝柳胺乙醇胺盐可湿性粉剂相比，氯硝柳胺悬浮剂对鱼急性毒性最低。结论氯硝柳胺悬浮剂属微毒类药物，对鱼的毒性低于其乙醇胺盐可湿性粉剂，适合于现场应用。     

Assessment of quality of life of parents of children with juvenile chronic arthritis

The aim of the study was to assess the quality of life (QOL) and the psychological status of parents of children with juvenile chronic arthritis (JCA). The QOL, anxiety and depression of the parents of 28 children with JCA were evaluated and compared to those of the parents of 28 healthy children. Mothers of JCA children and mothers of healthy children reported similar QOL. The reported anxiety and depression levels were similar for mothers and fathers in both groups. The parents of children with pauciarticular-type JCA reported lower QOL and higher levels of anxiety and depression than the parents of children with other types, namely polyarticular and systemic JCA. These findings may be explained by the fact that the pauciarticular patients had shorter disease duration and were less frequently seen in the outpatient clinic. The QOL of mothers of children with JCA was found to be slightly impaired in the group of children with pauciarticular JCA. Future larger studies are needed to confirm these results, as the number of subjects in the three groups was rather low. Received: 26 September 2001 / Accepted: 8 February 2002     

Numerical Simulation of the Effect of Rate of Change of Glucose on Measurement Error of Continuous Glucose Monitors

Background

A 5-day in-patient study designed to assess the accuracy of the FreeStyle Navigator® Continuous Glucose Monitoring System revealed that the level of accuracy of the continuous sensor measurements was dependent on the rate of glucose change. When the absolute rate of change was less than 1 mg•dl⁻¹•min⁻¹ (75% of the time), the median absolute relative difference (ARD) was 8.5%, with 85% of all points falling within the A zone of the Clarke error grid. When the absolute rate of change was greater than 2 mg•dl⁻¹•min⁻¹ (8% of the time), the median ARD was 17.5%, with 59% of all points falling within the Clarke A zone.

Method

Numerical simulations were performed to investigate effects of the rate of change of glucose on sensor measurement error. This approach enabled physiologically relevant distributions of glucose values to be reordered to explore the effect of different glucose rate-of-change distributions on apparent sensor accuracy.

Results

The physiological lag between blood and interstitial fluid glucose levels is sufficient to account for the observed difference in sensor accuracy between periods of stable glucose and periods of rapidly changing glucose.

Conclusions

The role of physiological lag on the apparent decrease in sensor accuracy at high glucose rates of change has implications for clinical study design, regulatory review of continuous glucose sensors, and development of performance standards for this new technology. This work demonstrates the difficulty in comparing accuracy measures between different clinical studies and highlights the need for studies to include both relevant glucose distributions and relevant glucose rate-of-change distributions.     

Study of constancy of hydrogen-consuming flora of human colon

The constancy of the hydrogen consuming flora of the human colon was studied in 15 healthy subjects via two measurements obtained 18 to 36 months apart. Hydrogen disappearance rate and the major products of H₂-consuming bacteria, methane and sulfide, were measured during incubation of fecal homogenates with excess hydrogen and sulfate. In 11/15, the hydrogen consumption rate and the predominant hydrogen-consuming pathway (methanogenesis, sulfate reduction, or neither) remained constant. However, major shifts in these pathways were observed in four subjects, with two losing and two gaining the ability to produce methane. Methanogenesis was associated with the highest hydrogen consumption rate. This study demonstrates that clinically unrecognizable, major alterations of the colonic flora occur in healthy subjects. Understanding of the factors responsible for these alterations might allow for therapeutic manipulation of the colonic flora.Supported in part by the Department of Veterans Affairs and NIDDKD RO1 DK 13309-25.