系统化护理对骨关节炎手术治疗效果的影响

目的 研究系统化护理干预骨关节炎手术后病人的临床效果和对神经功能影响。方法 选取我院2015年5月至2016年1月间收治的骨关节炎手术后病人118例,采用随机数字法将所有病人分为对照组和观察组,每组各59例,对照组病人采用常规护理干预,观察组病人则采用系统化护理干预。观察两组病人的护理效果和并发症发生率,同时比较护理前后两组病人的神经功能缺损程度量表（national institutes of health stroke scale, NIHSS）评分差异。结果 观察组的治疗总有效率为91.53%,高于对照组的76.27%,差异有统计学意义（χ²=5.08,P=0.02）。观察组护理后2周和4周的NIHSS评分均明显低于对照组,观察组的住院时间、首次下床活动时间及总并发症发生率均明显少于对照组,差异均有统计学意义（均P＜0.05）。结论 采用系统化护理干预可明显提高骨关节炎手术后的康复效果,加快病人术后的康复速度,促进病人神经功能恢复,同时较好地预防了并发症的发生,护理安全性较高。     

快速康复外科在结直肠癌根治术围手术期护理中的效果

目的:探讨结直肠癌根治术患者围手术期护理中应用快速康复外科(ERAS)的效果。方法:选取2018年10月至2019年6月,本院行结直肠癌根治术患者64例,按随机数字表法分为观察组和对照组,各32例。对照组采用常规护理干预,观察组在对照组护理基础上联合ERAS干预。对比2组护理满意度、焦虑和抑郁评分、术后指标及并发症情况。结果:观察组护理满意度高于对照组(P<0.05);焦虑和抑郁评分优于对照组(P<0.05);术后指标优于对照组(P<0.05);并发症发生率低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:结直肠癌根治术患者围手术期应用ERAS干预,可改善患者焦虑及抑郁情绪,降低术后并发症发生率,促进患者早日康复。     

手术室综合性护理干预对硬膜外麻醉肛肠病手术的应用效果观察

目的:观察手术室综合性护理干预对硬膜外麻醉肛肠病手术的应用效果。方法:将94例行硬膜外麻醉肛肠病手术患者随机分为对照组和观察组,每组47例。对照组患者采用常规护理干预,观察组患者采用手术室综合性护理干预,比较2组患者护理前后焦虑与疼痛情况、术后并发症情况以及患者满意度。结果:护理前2组患者焦虑自评量表(self-rating anxiety scal, SAS)、疼痛视觉模拟评分法(VAS)评分比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),护理后观察组患者SAS、VAS评分均低于对照组(P<0.05);观察组患者术后并发症发生率低于对照组(P<0.05),患者满意度高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:手术室综合性护理干预对硬膜外麻醉肛肠病手术患者护理效果明显,可有利于缓解患者的焦虑情绪,减轻疼痛,降低术后并发症发生率,提高患者满意度。     

FTS理念下的临床护理路径在结直肠癌术后的应用效果观察

目的:观察快速康复外科(FTS)理念下临床护理路径在结直肠癌术后的应用效果。方法:选取2021年1月至2022年12月在我院接受手术治疗的66例结直肠癌患者为研究参与者，将其随机分为对照组和观察组，每组33例。对照组患者采用常规护理，观察组患者采用FTS理念下的临床护理路径干预，比较2组患者术后康复情况、日常活动度及术后并发症发生情况。结果:观察组患者术后首次排气时间、首次下床活动时间、住院时间均短于对照组(P<0.05),护理后观察组患者日常活动度评分高于对照组(P<0.05),术后并发症发生率明显低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:结直肠癌手术患者应用FTS理念下的临床护理路径干预有助于缩短术后康复时间，提高患者的日常活动度，减少并发症的发生，临床应用效果确切，建议临床推广应用。     

全髋关节置换术围术期集束化康复指导预防术后并发症及促进髋关节功能恢复效果分析

目的 探讨全髋关节置换术(THA)围术期集束化康复指导预防术后并发症及促进髋关节功能恢复的效果。方法 回顾性分析鹿邑县人民医院骨科2019-08—2021-04行THA的70例患者的临床资料。根据围术期干预方法分为2组,每组35例,对照组给予常规护理干预,观察组在常规护理的基础上联合集束化康复指导。分别于术后1周及出院后3个月时采用一般自我效能评分(GSES)量表评价2组患者的自我效能。采用Harris髋关节评分表评定患者髋关节康复效果。统计随访3个月期间的假体脱位、下肢深静脉血栓形成(DVT)发生率,以及末次随访时患者对康复护理效果的满意度。结果 出院后3个月时2组患者的Harris、GSES评分较术后1周显著提高,且观察组的Harris、GSES评分高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组患者术后随访期间假体脱位、下肢DVT等并发症发生率低于对照组,末次随访患者及家属对康复护理效果满意度高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 对行THA治疗的患者实施围术期集束化康复指导,能充分调动患者自身潜能,增加自信心,提高其髋关节功能,降低术后并发症发生...     

基于心理授权理论的早期康复护理在直肠癌手术患者中的应用

目的：探讨基于心理授权理论的早期康复护理在直肠癌手术患者中的应用效果。方法：将86例直肠癌手术患者随机分为观察组和对照组,每组43例。对照组患者采用直肠癌术后常规早期康复护理干预,观察组在对照组的基础上增加以心理授权理论为基础的护理干预,比较2组患者的恢复情况及并发症发生率。结果：护理干预后观察组患者排气时间、排便时间、下床活动时间、住院时间均短于对照组（P <0.05）;观察组患者术后并发症发生率为4.65%,明显低于对照组的18.60%(P <0.05)。结论：心理授权理论应用于直肠癌手术患者早期康复护理,能有效提高患者术后早期康复效果,减少并发症的发生,临床应用价值较高。     

颅内血肿清除术后患者康复积极性及康复情况的研究

目的 探讨全程无缝化护理对颅内血肿清除术后患者康复积极性及康复情况的影响。方法 分析2018年9月至2022年4月本院收治的104例行颅内血肿清除术患者的临床资料，以2018年9月到2021年1月收治的52例为对照组，实施常规护理；以2021年2月到2022年4月收治的52例为观察组，实施全程无缝化护理，评价两组干预效果。结果 干预前，两组NIHSS、BI评分差异不显著（P>0.05），干预后，观察组NIHSS评分更低、BI评分更高（P<0.05）；干预前，两组康复积极性评分差异不显著（P>0.05），干预后观察组积极举动评分更高、放弃举动评分更低（P<0.05）；观察组术后并发症率为5.77%，明显较对照组19.23%低（P<0.05）。结论 对颅内血肿清除术患者而言，应用全程无缝化护理价值较高，可减轻患者神经缺损程度、提高活动能力，还可提高康复积极性，减少术后并发症，值得应用。     

医院到家庭连续护理干预对持续植物状态出院患者的效果

目的探讨对持续植物状态出院患者实施医院到家庭连续护理干预的效果。方法将47例持续植物状态出院患者按照不同社区分为对照组(23例)和观察组(24例)。对照组采用常规出院康复指导及电话随访,观察组建立一个微信群实施医院到家庭的持续护理干预。干预1年后对两组患者的并发症发生率及再住院、急诊、门诊就诊次数进行统计。结果观察组干预1年后并发症发生率及再住院次数显著低于对照组(P<0.05,P<0.01)。结论医院到家庭连续护理干预可降低持续植物状态出院患者并发症发生率及再住院率。     

快速康复外科理念在膀胱肿瘤电切术围术期护理中的应用

目的探讨快速康复外科理念在经尿道膀胱肿瘤电切术患者围术期护理中的应用效果。方法将100例经尿道膀胱肿瘤电切患者随机分为观察组与对照组各50例。对照组采用传统治疗护理,观察组应用快速康复外科理念进行干预。比较两组患者并发症发生率、住院时间及住院费用。结果观察组住院费用及住院时间、并发症发生率显著短/低于对照组(P<0.01,P<0.05)。结论经尿道膀胱肿瘤电切术患者围术期护理中应用快速康复外科理念,可有效地促进患者康复。     

以Cameron适时理论为基础的全程护理模式在烧伤后瘢痕整形患者中的应用

目的：研究以Cameron适时理论为基础的全程护理模式对烧伤后瘢痕整形患者的干预效果。方法：选择2021年9月-2022年6月笔者医院收治的60例烧伤后瘢痕整形患者为研究对象,采用随机数字表法分为对照组（30例）和观察组（30例）。对照组给予常规护理干预,观察组在对照组的基础上采用以Cameron适时理论为基础的全程护理模式进行干预,两组均干预8周。统计比较两组瘢痕恢复效果、并发症发生情况、心理状态、应对方式及护理满意度。结果：干预后,观察组创面渗出持续时间、疼痛持续时间均短于对照组（P<0.05）;两组创面愈合时间、色素沉着率比较差异无统计学意义（P<0.05）。干预8周后,观察组瘢痕恢复总有效率显著高于对照组（P<0.05）;观察组心理韧性评分高于对照组（P<0.05）,焦虑、抑郁、心理困扰评分低于对照组（P<0.05）;观察组屈服、回避评分低于对照组（P<0.05）,面对评分高于对照组（P<0.05）;观察组护理总满意率高于对照组（P<0.05）。干预期间,观察组总并发症发生率低于对照组（P<0.05）。结论：以Cameron...     

Vasopressor hormone response following mesenteric traction during major abdominal surgery

Background : We investigated the vasopressor hormone response following mesenteric traction (MT) with hypotension due to prostacyclin (PGI₂) release in patients undergoing abdominal surgery with a combined general and epidural anesthesia. Methods : In a prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled study we administered 400 mg ibuprofen (i.v.) in 42 patients scheduled for abdominal surgery. General anesthesia was combined with epidural anesthesia (T4-L1). Before as well as 5, 15, 30, 45, and 90 min after MT we recorded plasma osmolality, hemodynamics and measured 6-keto-PGFlα (stabile metabolite of PGI₂), TXB₂ (stabile metabolite of thromboxane A₂) active renin, and arginine vasopressin (AVP) plasma concentrations by radioimmunoassay. Catecholamine levels were assessed by high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) with electrochemical detection. Results : Following MT, arterial hypotension occurred along with a substantial PGI₂ release. This was completely abolished by ibuprofen administration. Although plasma levels of 6-keto-PGF_1α (1133 (708) vs. 60 (3) ng/L, median (median absolute deviation), P=0.0001, placebo vs. ibuprofen) remained significantly elevated, blood pressure was restored within 30 min after MT in the placebo group. At the same point in time plasma concentrations of TXB² (164 (87) vs. 58 (1) ng/L, P=0.0001), epinephrine (46 (33) vs. 14 (6) ng/L, P=0.001), AVP (41 ± (18) vs. 12 (7) ng/L, P=0.0004), and active renin (27 (12) vs. 12 (4) ng/L, P = 0.001) were significantly higher in placebo-treated patients. Conclusion : Under combined general and epidural anesthesia arterial hypotension following MT due to endogenous PGI₂ release is associated with enhanced release of AVP, active renin, epinephrine and thromboxane A₂, presumably contributing to hemodynamic stability within 30 min after MT.     

A Teaspoon Pump for Pumping Blood with High Hydraulic Efficiency and Low Hemolysis Potential

Abstract: Virtually all blood pumps contain some kind of rubbing, sliding, closely moving machinery surfaces that are exposed to the blood being pumped. These valves, internal bearings, magnetic bearing position sensors, and shaft seals cause most of the problems with blood pumps. The original teaspoon pump design prevented the rubbing, sliding machinery surfaces from contacting the blood. However, the hydraulic efficiency was low because the blood was able to "slip around" the rotating impeller so that the blood itself never rotated fast enough to develop adequate pressure. An improved teaspoon blood pump has been designed and tested and has shown acceptable hydraulic performance and low hemolysis potential. The new pump uses a nonrotating "swinging" hose as the pump impeller. The fluid enters the pump through the center of the swinging hose; therefore, there can be no fluid slip between the revolving blood and the revolving impeller. The new pump uses an impeller that is comparable to a flexible garden hose. If the free end of the hose were swung around in a circle like half of a jump rope, the fluid inside the hose would rotate and develop pressure even though the hose impeller itself did not "rotate"; therefore, no rotating shaft seal or internal bearings are required.     

Microspheres Based Detoxification System: A New Method in Convective Blood Purification

Abstract: A variety of protein-bound or hydrophobic substances, accumulating as a result of pathologic conditions such as exogenous or endogenous intoxications, are removed poorly by conventional detoxification methods because of low accessibility (hemodialysis), insufficient adsorption capabilities (hemosorption), low efficiency (peritoneal dialysis), or economic limitations (high-volume plasmapheresis). Combining advantages of existing methods with microspheric technology, a module-based system was designed. Major operating parameters of the latter can be modified to allow for adjustment to individual clinical situations. An extracorporeal blood circuit including a plasmafilter is combined with a secondary high-velocity plasma circuit driven by a centrifugal pump. Different microspheric adsorbers can be combined in one circuit or applied in sequence. Thus, a prolonged treatment can be tailored using specially designed selective adsorber materials. Comparing this system with existing methods (high-flux hemodialysis, molecular adsorbent recycling system), results from our in vitro studies and animal experiments demonstrate the superior efficiency of substance removal.     

A comparison of the inhibitory effects of four volatile anaesthetics on the metabolism of chlorzoxazone, a substrate for CYP2E1, in rabbits

Background: Halothane inhibits in vitro and in vivo activity of cytochrome P-450 (CYP) 2E1. There are several fluorinated volatile anaesthetics besides halothane, and most of them are defluorinated by CYP2E1. It is unclear whether other fluorinated anaesthetics inhibit the in vivo activity of CYP2E1.
Methods: We compared the inhibitory effects of therapeutic concentrations of four inhalational anaesthetics, halothane, enflurane, isoflurane, and sevoflurane, on chlorzoxazone metabolism in rabbits receiving artificial ventilation.
Results: All four inhalational anaesthetics decreased arterial blood pressure and increased plasma chlorzoxazone concentration. However, no significant differences in the plasma chlorzoxazone concentration were found between the four anaesthetics. The estimated chlorzoxazone clearance increased after beginning inhalation with all four agents, but no significant difference in clearance was noted between agents.
Conclusions: At therapeutic concentrations, the in vivo inhibitory effect on chlorzoxazone metabolism was similar for all four inhalational anaesthetics examined, even though their chemical characteristics and extent of hepatic metabolism differ considerably.     

Tissue perfusion in relation to cardiac output during continuous positive-pressure ventilation and administration of propranolol or verapamil

Background : Our objective was to determine whether administration of propranolol or verapamil modifies the hemodynamic adaptation to continuous positive-pressure ventilation (CPPV), in particular the regional distribution of cardiac output (CO).
Methods : General hemodynamics and regional blood flows assessed by microsphere technique (15 (μm) were recorded in 16 anesthetized pigs during spontaneous breathing (SB) and CPPV with 8 cm H₂O end-expiratory pressure (CPPV8) before and after intravenous administration of propranolol (0.3 mg · kg⁻¹ followed by 0.15 mg · kg⁻¹ · h⁻¹, n=8) or verapamil (0.1 mg · kg⁻¹ followed by 0.3 mg · kg⁻¹ · h⁻¹, n=8).
Results : CPPV8 depressed CO by 25% without shifts in its relative distribution with the exception of a noteworthy increase in adrenal perfusion. Propranolol increased arterial blood pressure, and due to a fall in heart rate, CO dropped by 25%. The kidneys and, to a lesser extent, the splanchic region and central nervous system received increased fractions of the remaining CO at the expense of skeletal muscle flow. Similar patterns were seen during SB and CPPV8 such that the combination of propranolol and CPPV8 depressed CO by 50%. The circulatory effects of verapamil were less evident but myocardial perfusion tended to increase.
Conclusions : The combination of propranolol or verapamil with CPPV does not result in any specific hemodynamic interaction in anesthetized pigs, except that the combined effect of propranolol and CPPV may severely reduce CO.     

Bariatric Surgery in Some "Central and East-European (former Eastern bloc)"Countries - Current Status and Prediction for the Next Millennium

Background: Obesity is increasing globallly, including in the formerly "Eastern Bloc" countries. Methods: A survey was made of obesity and bariatric surgery. Results: In the 8 East and Central European countries studied, with total population 300 million, roughly 43% of the population was overweight (BMI 25-30), 23% obese (BMI > 30), with about 15 million people morbidly obese (BMI > 40). From 0-10 morbidly obese individuals/100,000/year undergo bariatric surgery. Conclusion: Most countries were found to provide inadequate treatment for obesity.The majority of the morbidly obese are not treated effectively. However, health-care awareness of obesity and bariatric surgeons are slowly increasing.     

Volatile anaesthetics reduce adhesion of blood platelets under low-flow conditions in the coronary system of isolated guinea pig hearts

Background : Inhibitory effects of volatile anaesthetics on platelet aggregation have been demonstrated in several studies. However, the influence of volatile anaesthetics on intracoronary platelet adhesion has not been elucidated so far.
Methods : Isolated hearts of guinea pigs were perfused with buffer in the absence or presence of volatile anaesthetics (0.5 and 1 MAC) at constant coronary flow rates of 5 ml/min for 25 min, then 1 ml/min for 30 min and again 5 ml/min for 10 min. Before, during and after low-flow perfusion, a bolus of human platelets was applied into the coronary system. To simulate thrombogenic conditions, 0.3 U/ml human thrombin was infused during low-flow perfusion and reperfusion. The number of platelets sequestered to the endothelium was calculated from the difference between coronary in- and output of platelets. The myocardial production of lactate and consumption of pyruvate and coronary perfusion pressure were also determined.
Results : At a flow rate of 5 ml/min only about 3% of the applied platelets did not emerge from the coronary system, in any group. In contrast, 13.1±1.2% (mean±SEM) of infused platelets became adherent in low-flow perfusion in the control group without anaesthetic. The adherence was reduced with each 1 MAC isoflurane (to 6.2±1.2%), sevoflurane (to 4.4±0.9%) or halothane (to 3.2±1.5%) (each P <0.05 vs. control). Volatile anaesthetic, 0.5 MAC, did not inhibit platelet adhesion to a statistically significant extent in any case. Perfusion pressure and metabolic parameters were not statistically different between the control and the hearts exposed to anaesthetics.
Conclusion : Volatile anaesthetics in a concentration of 1 MAC can reduce the adhesion of platelets in the coronary system under reduced flow conditions. This action does not arise from vasodilation or inhibition of ischaemic stress.     

Synergistic interaction between the effects of propofol and midazolam with fentanyl on phrenic nerve activity in rabbits

Background: It has been shown that the depressive effects of both propofol and midazolam on consciousness are synergistic with opioids, but the nature of their interactions on other physiological systems, e. g. respiration, has not been fully investigated. The present study examined the effect of propofol and midazolam alone and in combination with fentanyl on phrenic nerve activity (PNA) and whether such interactions are additive or synergistic. Methods: PNA was recorded in 27 anaesthetised and artificially ventilated rabbits. In three groups, propofol, fentanyl and midazolam were administered intravenously in incremental doses to construct dose-response curves for the depressant effects of each one on PNA. In another two groups, the effect of pretreatment with either fentanyl 1 μg · kg^?1 i. v. or midazolam 0.05 mg · kg^?1 i. v. on the effects of propofol and fentanyl respectively on PNA were studied. Results: Propofol and fentanyl caused a dose-dependent depression of PNA with complete abolition at the highest total doses of 16 mg · kg^?1 i. v. and 32 μg · kg^?1 i. v., respectively. In contrast, midazolam in incremental doses to a total of 0.8 mg · kg^?1 reduced mean PNA by 63%, but approximately 12% of PNA remained at a total dose as high as 6.4 mg · kg^?1. The mean ED₅₀s, calculated from dose-response curves, were 5.4 mg · kg^?1, 3.9 μg · kg^?1 and 0.4 mg · kg^?1 for propofol, fentanyl and midazolam, respectively. Initial doses of either fentanyl 1 μg · kg^?1 i. v. or midazolam 0.05 mg · kg^?1 i. v. acted synergistically with subsequent doses of either propofol or fentanyl to abolish PNA at total doses of 8 mg · kg^?1 and 8 μg · kg^?1, respectively. Conclusion: Fentanyl has a synergistic interaction with both propofol and midazolam on PNA and hence potentially on respiration.     

Influence of dopexamine hydrochloride on haemodynamics and regulators of circulation in patients undergoing major abdominal surgery

Background: Catecholaminergic support is often used to improve haemodynamics in patients undergoing major abdominal surgery. Dopexamine is a synthetic vasoactive catecholamine with beneficial microcirculatory properties. Methods: The influence of perioperative administration of dopexamine on cardiorespiratory data and important regulators of macro- and microcirculation were studied in 30 patients undergoing Whipple pancreaticduodenectomy. The patients received randomized and blinded either 2 μg · kg^?1 · min^?1 of dopexamine (n=15) or placebo (n=15, control group). The infusion was started after induction of anaesthesia and continued until the morning of the first postoperative day. Endothelin-1 (ET-1), vasopressin, atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), and catecholamine plasma levels were measured from arterial blood samples. Measurements were carried out after induction of anaesthesia, 2 h after onset of surgery, at the end of surgery, 2 h after surgery, and on the morning of the first postoperative day. Results: Cardiac index (CI) increased significantly in the dopexamine group (from 2.61±0.41 to 4.57±0.78 1 · min^?1 · m^?2) and remained elevated until the morning of the first postoperative day. Oxygen delivery index (DO₂I) and oxygen consumption index (VO₂I) were also significantly increased in the dopexamine group (DO₂I: from 416±91 to 717±110 ml/m² · m²; VO₂I: from 98±25 to 157±22 ml/m² · m²), being significantly higher than in the control group. pHi remained stable only in the dopexamine patients, indicating adequate splanchnic perfusion. Vasopressive regulators of circulation increased significantly only in the untreated control patients (vasopressin: from 4.37±1.1 to 35.9±12.1 pg/ml; ET-1: from 2.88±0.91 to 6.91±1.20 pg/ml). Conclusion: Patients undergoing major abdominal surgery may profit from prophylactic perioperative administration of dopexamine hydrochloride in the form of improved haemodynamics and oxygenation as well as beneficial influence on important regulators of organ blood flow.     

Systemic analgesia adapted to the children's condition

A concept of balanced analgesia using nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), paracetamol (acetaminophen), opioids, and corticosteroids can also be used in patients with pre-existing illnesses. NSAIDs are the most effective treatment for acute pain of moderate intensity in children; however, these drugs should be avoided in patients at increased risk for serious side effects, e.g. patients with renal impairment, bleeding tendency, or extreme prematurity. NSAIDs can be given with minimal risks to the younger child with mild to moderate asthma, and, in these patients, the use of steroids can be encouraged; in addition to their antiemetic and analgesic action, a beneficial effect on asthma symptoms can be expected. In the non-intubated child with cerebral trauma, exaggerated sedation caused by opioids and increased bleeding tendency caused by NSAIDs must be avoided. In neonates and small infants, the oral administration of sucrose or glucose is helpful to minimize pain reaction during short uncomfortable interventions.