耳内镜分离前壁皮瓣修复鼓膜前下象限边缘性穿孔的疗效分析

目的探讨耳内镜下分离前下皮瓣修补鼓膜前下象限边缘性穿孔的临床疗效和应用价值。方法对资料完整的13例鼓膜前下象限边缘性穿孔患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析。对比患者手术前后纯音听阈和耳内镜结果，计算气骨导差及气骨导差改善值。结果术后3个月复查，耳内镜下所有患者鼓膜完整。平均气导为（16.0±15.64）dB，骨导为（12.16±11.92）dB，气骨导差为（3.83±3.73）dB，术后3个月的气骨导差明显小于术前(P<0.05)。结论耳内镜下分离前下皮瓣修补鼓膜前下象限穿孔，具有简单，微创，愈合率高的特点，值得临床推广。     

保持外耳道后壁完整的上鼓室切开软骨重建技术在中耳炎手术中的应用

目的观察在保持外耳道后壁完整的情况下，上鼓室切开软骨重建技术在中耳炎手术中的应用及疗效。方法对45例（耳）中耳胆脂瘤和13例（耳）活动期中耳炎患者，在保留外耳道后壁乳突切开、上鼓室外侧壁切除或及经砧骨窝向下开放面隐窝，清除听骨链区（包括上鼓室、中后鼓室）及鼓窦乳突区病变后，行上鼓室软骨封闭重建术，术后随访12～36个月，观察术后中耳炎胆脂瘤复发、鼓膜形态及听力提高等情况。结果58例（耳）术后重建的上鼓室外侧壁与保留的外耳道后壁相连接。本组病例中6例术后外耳道后壁肿胀或皮肤缺损，继续换药4~5次后愈合良好；3例患者出院后仍有少量流脓，鼓膜边缘穿孔，门诊局部给药后延迟愈合；3例听骨脱出、2例鼓膜再穿孔、2例24个月后原胆脂瘤复发，行开放式手术后治愈。术后6个月复查纯音听力测试，并与术前进行比较，听力均有不同程度提高，0.5、1、2 kHz气骨导差平均减10 dB，气导听阈平均提高15 dB 左右。结论在保持外耳道后壁完整的情况下，上鼓室切开软骨重建技术在中耳炎外科手术中的应用，既能够充分暴露病变，病灶清除彻底，同时又保留了外耳道的形态，可有效防止鼓膜回缩袋的形成，降低了胆脂瘤的复发，又避免了开放式手术所残留的宽大术腔。术后鼓膜形态恢复良好，从而保持或提高了患者的听力。     

耳内镜下经耳道入路中耳胆脂瘤手术疗效分析

目的　探讨耳内镜下经耳道入路中耳胆脂瘤手术的可行性及疗效。方法　回顾性分析2016年12月～2018年12月我科58例中耳胆脂瘤患者采用耳内镜下经外耳道 入路鼓室探查术+鼓室成形术+/- 改良乳突根治术,观察术后3个月鼓膜愈合率,比较术前及术后3个月平均气导听阈及气骨导差。结果　58例患者术后3 个月鼓 膜愈合56例（占96.55%）,因感染继发性穿孔2例（占3.45%）,均在门诊耳内镜下处理后完全愈合。58例患者术前平均气导听阈（49.02±20.06）dB HL,术后3个月平均气导听阈（35.58±15.68）dB HL,两者比较差异有统计学意义（t =5.65,P＜0.05）。58例患者术前平均气骨导差（34.40±28.10）dB HL,术后3个月平均气骨导差（18.32±10.63）dB HL,两者比较差异有统计学意义（t =13.10,P＜0.05）。术后无1例严重感音神经性聋,无面瘫及眩晕并发症。结论　耳内镜下经外耳道入路中耳胆脂瘤手术具有可行性高、手术时间较短、术中出血量少、术后干耳时间短、术后鼓膜愈合率高、听力改善效果良好、并发症少等优点。     

耳内镜下I型鼓室成形干湿耳手术疗效分析

摘要：目的探究耳内镜下I型鼓室成形术在干湿耳状态下手术的疗效差异。方法前瞻性纳入2017年7月~2017年9月于上海交通大学医学院附属第九人民医院耳鼻咽喉头颈外科收治的慢性化脓性中耳炎静止期患者,术前由2名耳内镜医师和1名临床医师独立判断鼓膜及鼓室黏膜情况,将45例患者分为干耳组和湿耳组。其中干耳患者29例,湿耳患者16例。I型鼓室成形术后3个月时的鼓膜愈合率和听力改善率。结果术后3个月时干耳患者中26例（89.6%）的患者鼓膜完全愈合,湿耳患者中14例（87.5%）鼓膜完全愈合,两组气骨导差均明显下降,干耳组气骨导差由术前（23.5±7.3）dB HL下降至（8.6±6.2）dB HL,湿耳组气骨导差由术前（25.1±7.6）dB HL下降至（10.5±8.0）dB HL。两组在鼓膜愈合率和听力改善率上差异均无统计学意义（P>0.05）。结论对于不伴有听骨链病变的静止期慢性化脓性中耳炎,术前湿耳状态并非手术禁忌证,其术后鼓膜愈合率以及听力改善率与干耳手术一致,且可以降低患者术前等待时间,减少抗生素使用和并发症发生,但这一结论仍需多中心、前瞻性队列研究进一步证实。

     

耳内镜下不同分期外耳道胆脂瘤手术的疗效分析北大核心CSCD

目的探讨耳内镜下经外耳道处理不同分期外耳道胆脂瘤的手术方法、术后效果。方法以2016年1月至2019年1月26例外耳道胆脂瘤患者为研究对象,其中,Udayabhanu重新分期Ⅰ期4例,Ⅱ期19例,ⅢA期3例,均在耳内镜下完成手术,Ⅰ期及Ⅱ期仅有外耳道骨质破坏者行外耳道胆脂瘤摘除术;Ⅱ期仅侵及鼓膜者行鼓膜成形术,Ⅱ期侵及鼓室者行鼓室成形术、人工听骨植入、外耳道重建;ⅢA期侵及乳突腔的行乳突开放、鼓室成形及外耳道后壁重建。随访9~32个月,观察各组结果。结果26例患者随访过程中均无胆脂瘤复发,无二次手术,术后1个月干耳,仅1例术后外耳道膜性闭锁,10%硝酸银溶液反复灼烧后再通。Ⅰ期患者手术前后平均气导听阈分别为33.18±2.01、11.65±1.40 dB HL,差异有统计学意义(t=16.176,P=0.001),平均气骨导差分别为15.15±1.53、0.95±1.17 dB,差异有统计学意义(t=12.399,P=0.001);Ⅱ期患者手术前后平均气导听阈分别为46.80±6.63、28.03±4.32 dB HL,差异有统计学意义(t=18.752,P<0.001),平均气骨导差分别为27.67±4.98、11.01±3.33 dB,差异有统计学意义(t=16.912,P<0.001);ⅢA期患者手术前后平均气导听阈分别为56.23±6.47、32.87±1.50 dB HL,差异有统计学意义(t=22.635,P=0.002),平均气骨导差分别为32.87±1.50、17.9±4.36 dB,差异有统计学意义(t=7.178,P=0.019)。结论耳内镜下Ⅰ、Ⅱ期外耳道胆脂瘤手术患者术后恢复快,听力提高明显,ⅢA期患者在严格评估适应症的条件下,亦可取得良好的治疗效果。     

开放式鼓室成形术中听骨链重建效果及其影响因素

目的 探讨胆脂瘤中耳炎患者行开放式鼓室成形伴听骨链重建的效果和影响因素.方法 分析142例胆脂瘤患者,行开放式鼓室成形术伴一期听骨链重建,随访24月,记录术后并发症、纯音平均听阈、平均气骨导差和听力重建成功率.结果随访期间未发现鼓膜内陷袋形成及胆脂瘤复发,术后干耳率达96.5%,听骨赝复物脱出4例(2.8%),气导平均听阈降低11.6dB,气骨导差较术前缩小7.4dB,70例患者气骨导差<20dB,听力重建总成功率达49.3%.听力重建成功的关键主要取决于术腔感染控制、咽鼓管功能、病变范围、听骨赝复物材料和手术技术.结论 虽然影响因素较多,开放式鼓室成形伴一期听骨链重建仍是胆脂瘤中耳炎患者安全有效的术式,术后并发症少,复发率低,听力重建效果令人满意.     

听骨链畸形患者的听力学特征及耳内镜手术效果

目的　探讨听骨链畸形患者的听力学特征和耳内镜手术效果分析。方法　对35例（38耳）听骨链畸形患者行手术前后纯音听力测试,并对听骨链畸形根据Cremers Classification分型,对各个分型进行听力学特征分析。35例（38耳）均在耳内镜下进行手术,其中13耳行人工镫骨置换术,17耳行鼓室成形Ⅱ型术,8耳行鼓室成形Ⅲ型术。通过比较手术前后气骨导差变化来分析术后效果。结果　析35例（38耳）听骨链畸形患者的纯音测听。结果,2000 Hz骨导听阈处有明显听阈下降。35例（38耳）听骨链畸形患者,11耳为镫骨底板固定（Ⅱa）,占29.0%,平均气骨导差为（44.6±7.5）dB HL。2耳为镫骨底板固定伴砧镫关节假连接或固定（Ⅱb）,占5.3%,平均气骨导差为（42.9±8.9）dB HL。17耳为镫骨畸形但底板可活动（Ⅲa）,占44.7%,平均气骨导差为（37.8±9.7）dB HL;4耳为镫骨底板可活动但伴砧镫关节假连接或固定（Ⅲb）,约占10.5%,平均气骨导差为（34.1±10.6）dB HL;4耳为镫骨底板可活动但锤砧关节假连接或固定（Ⅲc）,约占10.5%,平均气骨导差为（39.0±7.8）dB HL。耳内镜术后3个月,行人工镫骨置换术者平均气骨导差为（21.0±11.4）dB HL,较术前缩小（24.0±11.1）dB HL;行Ⅱ型鼓室成形术者平均气骨导差为（17.1±10.5）dB HL,较术前缩小（20.0±8.3）dB HL;行Ⅲ型鼓室成形术者平均气骨导差为（22.0±14.1）dB HL,较 术前缩小（20.0±13.0）dB HL。结论　先天性听骨链畸形患者的纯音测听结果中,2000 Hz骨导听阈有明显的听阈下降,在听力图上呈现与耳硬化症相似的V型切迹形状。先天性听骨链畸形分型中,先天性镫骨底板活动伴听小骨畸形为常见。采用耳内镜下不同手术方法进行治疗可明显提高听力,缩小气骨导差。     

耳廓全层整片软骨结合外嵌技术在Ⅱ、Ⅲ型鼓室成形术中的应用

目的 探讨耳廓全层整片软骨结合外嵌技术在II、Ⅲ型鼓室成形术中的应用效果。方法 回顾性分析2016年1月～2018年12月在武汉大学人民医院耳鼻咽喉头颈外科以耳廓全层整片软骨为移植材料采用外嵌法(将整片软骨置于纤维鼓环外侧,并将部分软骨片嵌顿于鼓切迹)行Ⅱ、Ⅲ型鼓室成形术的160例(165耳)患者的临床资料,年龄18～65岁,平均33.5±9.2岁;其中鼓室硬化98耳,上鼓室胆脂瘤47耳,粘连性中耳炎20耳。术中采用部分听骨赝复物(PORP)重建听力105耳,采用全听骨赝复物(TORP)重建听力60耳,术后随访12～36个月。分析患者术前、术后纯音听阈,耳内镜图像及并发症,观察部分患者术后颞骨CT显示的鼓室含气腔情况。结果 PORP组术前0.5～4 kHz平均气导听阈51.34±10.46 dB HL,平均气骨导差32.88±5.25 dB,术后一年平均气导听阈及气骨导差分别为30.24±8.66 dB HL、13.60±6.18 dB,术后均较术前显著降低(P<0.01);TORP组术前平均气导听阈54.85±9.48 dB HL,平均气骨导差34.59±6.85 dB,术后一...     

耳内镜下生物羊膜治疗鼓膜穿孔的疗效观察

目的探讨耳内镜下利用生物羊膜移植行鼓膜穿孔修补术的临床疗效。方法选取苏州市吴中人民医院2015 年4月~2017年3月收治的38例（38耳）接受耳内镜下采用生物羊膜行鼓膜穿孔修补术患者为研究对象。对所有患者术后3、6个月鼓膜穿孔愈合情况以及术后6个月听力恢复情况进行统计学分析。结果38例患者术后3、6个月鼓膜愈合分别为36（94.7%）、35（92.1%）；术后6个月复查纯音测听气导平均听阈为（28.42±7.31）dB，较术前提高（17.19±5.31）dB；手术前后听力比较差异具有统计学意义（t=10.091，P﹤0.05）。结论耳内镜下利用生物羊膜行鼓膜修补术，避免了自体取材造成的手术切口创伤与瘢痕，且具有手术时间短，患者术中出血量少等优点，为鼓膜穿孔提供了一种微创、安全有效、相对经济的治疗方法，值得临床推广应用。     

耳内镜下双侧同期鼓室成形术的临床观察

目的　探讨耳内镜下双侧同期鼓室成形术的临床疗效及应用价值。方法　回顾分析在我科行耳内镜下双侧同期鼓室成形术的14例患者临床资料，共28耳，其中单 纯型慢性化脓性中耳炎16耳，慢性化脓性中耳炎伴鼓室硬化症8耳，中耳胆脂瘤4耳；共完成鼓室成形术I型20耳，鼓室成形术II型7耳，鼓室成形术III型1耳；术后观察分析鼓膜愈合及听力改善情况。结果　术后复查12～24个月，14例（28耳）患者鼓膜移植物均成活，27耳穿孔鼓膜完全愈合，愈合率96.4%；1耳遗留小穿孔，于二次局麻下手术处理后愈合。28耳术前气导听阈为（55.4±21.6）dB HL，术后气导听阈为（35.5±16.4）dB HL（t =11.234，P＜0.05）；术前气骨导差为（29.3±10.3）dB HL，术后气骨导差为（11.3±3.9）dB HL（t =10.752，P＜0.05）。结论　耳内镜下鼓室成形术可获得较高的手术成功率，取得良好的听力改善效果，双侧同期手术可节省医患人力、物力资源。     

耳内镜下儿童中耳胆脂瘤的处理及疗效分析

目的 探讨耳内镜下经耳道径路切除儿童中耳胆脂瘤的手术适应证及临床疗效,为该类疾病的处理提供临床参考.方法 回顾性分析2017年9月-2020年10月上海交通大学医学院耳科学研究所耳内镜下经耳道径路处理的20例中耳胆脂瘤患儿临床资料,患者年龄3～14岁,平均年龄为(7±0.5)岁.根据术前影像学评估,病变范围均在中耳范围...     

一期手术清除胆脂瘤并发迷路瘘的疗效分析

目的 探索一期手术清除胆脂瘤并发迷路瘘的手术方法,评估一期手术清除胆脂瘤基质后的远期听力变化和手术疗效.方法 选取2014年8月—2019年8月收治的41例胆脂瘤并发迷路瘘患者,术前仔细询问症状,均行瘘管试验、耳内镜检查、纯音测听检查和高分辨率颞骨薄层CT检查提示有胆脂瘤并发迷路瘘.41例迷路瘘管覆盖的胆脂瘤基质进行一...     

Air-bone gap and hearing impairment level predictive value in preoperative assessment of cholesteatoma localization in the tympanic cavity

Pure-tone audiometric examination and its thorough analysis is decisive in the most adequate choice of the future otosurgical procedure. The final outcome of the middle ear surgery for hearing rehabilitation is closely dependent on thorough patients' qualification for adequate type of surgery. To analyze the predictive value of the air-bone gap and hearing impairment level (HIL) average value in the preoperative cholesteatoma patients assessment. Two groups of patients: group A (n = 41) cholesteatomatous chronic otitis media and group B (n = 31) simple chronic otitis media (tympanic membrane perforation, no ossicular interruption, no cholesteatoma) underwent the observations of the average value of air-bone gap and hearing impairment level (HIL). A statistically significant difference between the average value of the air-bone gap in group A (27.7 dB) and group B (23.6 dB) has been observed. The difference of 4.7 dB between average value of air-bone gap for epitympanic cholesteatoma localization (group A1 29.5 dB) and mezo- and hypotympanic localization (group A2 24.8 dB) has been statistically not significant. Main conclusions: 1. The average values of air-bone gap in cholesteatoma epitympanic localization (29.5 dB) and mezo/hypotympanic localization (24.8 dB) has not statistically significant (p < 0.2540; F = 1.42) predictive value in preoperative assessment. 2. Patients with cholesteatoma have 4.2 dB (statistically significant; F = 4.386311; p < 0.03985) higher values of the average values of air-bone gap than patient with chronic otitis media simplex.     

Cholesteatoma otitis media with intact ossicular chain

Thirty-one cases of cholesteatoma with intact ossicular chain were reviewed to examine the extension of cholesteatoma, operation procedures, pre- and postoperative hearing levels, and postoperative condition of the ear drum. They were operated on at Departments of Hyogo College of Medicine and Osaka University Medical School from 1989-1996, which were 20.4% of all of the primary cholesteatoma cases (n = 152). Twelve cases located at attic were operated by atticotomy or canal wall up and scutumplasty, 17 cases located at attic/antrum were operated by canal wall down and reconstruction, and two cases located around stapes were operated through the ear canal. Preoperative hearing level was mild (34.2 +/- 18.4 dB) and postoperative one was slightly improved (28.7 +/- 11.2 dB). In ossicular reconstruction, modified Wullstein type III method showed better hearing gain than Wullstein type I method. Postoperative attic retraction and/or pocket occurred in 15 cases (48.4%), but no recurrent cholesteatoma was found during the present follow-up period. These findings suggested that cholesteatoma with intact ossicular chain showed good postoperative hearing results, but postoperative retraction of the ear drum should be followed up for a long time.     

Surgical treatment of tympanosclerosis

OBJECTIVE: To report the hearing results of the surgical treatment of tympanosclerosis. STUDY DESIGN: A retrospective review of surgically treated cases of tympanosclerosis. SETTING: A tertiary referral center. PATIENTS: One hundred fifteen patients with middle ear tympanosclerosis operated on between 1987 and 1996, with an average age of 36 years (range 18-59 years). Cases were classified into four groups according to Wielinga and Kerr. Those with an associated cholesteatoma were excluded. INTERVENTION: Depending on the ossicular status, either mobilization of the major ossicles or epitympanic bypass procedure, mobilization of the stapes or stapedectomy. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The postoperative pure-tone average was compared with the preoperative levels by use of conventional audiometry. The air-bone gap was measured. RESULTS: The average postoperative air-bone gap was 18.0+/-10.21 dB in the type II group (attic fixation of the malleus-incus complex with a mobile stapes). 21.8+/-9.5 dB in the type III group (mobile malleus-incus complex, if present, with stapes footplate fixation), and 22.92+/-10.03 dB in the type IV group (fixation of both the stapes footplate and the malleus-incus complex). Patients with a fixed malleus and mobile stapes had significantly better hearing results than those with stapes fixation (p = 0.042, Mann-Whitney U test). CONCLUSION: In ossicular attic fixation, atticotomy and mobilization of ossicles yielded better results than did the epitympanic bypass procedure. The difference, however, did not reach statistical significance. Patients with fixed stapes treated with stapedectomy displayed good hearing results immediately after surgery, but the air-bone gap deteriorated after some time.     

应用部分颞肌瓣转位术治疗晚期不全面瘫患者的临床研究

目的探讨部分颞肌瓣转位术对晚期不全面瘫患者的临床应用疗效。方法收集2015年1月—2017年1月接受部分颞肌瓣转位术的患者15例,其中男3例,女12例;年龄26~53岁,平均（32.3±8.6)岁。均为听神经瘤术后并发晚期不完全面瘫患者。依据Terzis量表对患者手术前后口角歪斜程度进行评定,并对患者并发症进行分析。结果所有患者术后随访12～24个月。15例患者术后的静态评分（1.00±0.00）分明显低于术前的静态评分（2.73±0.46）分,差异具有统计学意义（P<0.001）;术后的动态评分（3.93±1.03）分明显高于术前的动态评分（2.00±0.00）分,差异具有统计学意义（P<0.001）。此外,在所有患者中均未观察到颞部凹陷,少部分患者颧弓处出现轻微臃肿。结论部分颞肌瓣转位术可以作为听神经瘤术后并发晚期不完全面瘫的一种有效治疗手段。     

Hearing results in pediatric patients with chronic otitis media after ossicular reconstruction with partial ossicular replacement prostheses and total ossicular replacement prostheses

OBJECTIVE: To examine hearing results in pediatric patients after ossicular reconstruction with partial ossicular replacement prostheses (PORPs) and total ossicular replacement prostheses (TORPs) in children with chronic otitis media. METHODS: A retrospective chart review was performed on 55 pediatric patients with chronic otitis media who underwent ossicular reconstruction from 1991 to 1998. Patients' audiograms were evaluated preoperatively and postoperatively for pure-tone average (PTA), air-bone gap (ABG), speech reception threshold (SRT), method of ossicular reconstruction, and management of the mastoid. RESULTS: Twenty-seven patients underwent ossicular reconstruction with TORPs. The average preoperative ABG was 40.1 dB, and the average postoperative ABG was 31.6 dB. Forty-one percent of the children improved their PTA greater than 10 dB postoperatively, and 52% of children did not change their ABG by more than 10 dB postoperatively. Nineteen percent of children with TORPs had a postoperative ABG less than 20 dB, and 44% of children with TORPs had a postoperative ABG less than 30 dB. Twenty-eight patients underwent ossicular reconstruction with PORPs. The average preoperative ABG was 29.7 dB, and the average postoperative ABG was 22.5 dB. Thirty-two percent of patients improved their PTA by greater than 10 dB, while 57% of children with PORPs did not change their ABG by more than 10 dB postoperatively. Forty-three percent of children with PORPs had an ABG of less than 20 dB postoperatively, and 71% of children with PORPs had a postoperative ABG less than or equal to 30 dB. CONCLUSIONS: Children who underwent ossicular reconstruction with PORPs had slightly better postoperative hearing than did children with TORPs. Postoperative hearing was essentially unchanged in approximately 55% of both groups. Preoperative hearing levels may be the most important factor determining postoperative hearing in nonstaged surgery for children with chronic otitis media Long-term hearing results in children with single-stage surgery were not as good as those reported in the literature for staged surgery. Severe mucosal disease and eustachian tube dysfunction may contribute to poorer hearing results in children.     

Treatment results for congenital cholesteatoma using transcanal endoscopic ear surgery

PurposeTranscanal endoscopic ear surgery for congenital cholesteatoma provides a smaller incision and better visibility than conventional surgical microscope ear surgery. We aimed to evaluate the treatment results of transcanal endoscopic ear surgery in ameliorating the recurrence and post-operative complications of pediatric congenital cholesteatoma.Materials and methodsA retrospective chart review was conducted on patients with congenital cholesteatoma who underwent transcanal endoscopic ear surgery at a tertiary referral medical center from January 2012 to December 2020. We categorized the patients into two groups according to the presence of remnant cholesteatoma and compared their characteristics.ResultsThis study included 46 patients (32 males and 14 females; 46 ears). The mean age was 3.0 ± 2.6 (1–17) years. Congenital cholesteatoma was predominantly located in the anterior-superior quadrant (63.0 %), and ossicular involvement was confirmed in six cases. The mean cholesteatoma size identified by temporal bone computed tomography was 3.9 ± 2.0 (1.2–13) mm. Seven cases had remnant cholesteatoma lesions (15.2 %); four improved after revision surgery, and three were followed up without immediate further intervention. Postoperative complications (e.g., tympanic membrane perforation, retraction) were observed in 10 cases. Comparative evaluations of various characteristics after categorizing the participants into residual and non-residual lesion groups revealed no significant differences.ConclusionsConsequently, transcanal endoscopic ear surgery can be considered an effective and safe operation for treating congenital cholesteatoma in the pediatric population with no serious side effects. Further large-scale research with hearing test results should be conducted meticulously as a follow-up to this study.