破壁灵芝孢子粉对ConA诱导免疫性肝损伤模型小鼠血清ALT、AST水平及肝组织炎症程度的影响

目的探讨破壁灵芝孢子粉对Con A诱导免疫性肝损伤模型小鼠血清谷丙氨酸转氨酶(ALT)、门冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)水平及肝组织炎症程度的影响。方法雄性Balb/c小鼠随机分成正常组10只,模型组、低剂量破壁灵芝孢子粉组(低灵组)、高剂量破壁灵芝孢子粉组(高灵组),各12只。除正常组外,其余各组用Con A 5mg/kg尾静脉注射,隔天1次,共2周,建立免疫性肝损伤小鼠模型。正常组和模型组小鼠分别用等容量生理盐水灌胃,低灵组及高灵组小鼠分别给予破壁灵芝孢子粉1.0g/kg、2.0g/kg灌胃。4周后检测各组小鼠血清ALT、AST水平及观察肝组织炎症程度。结果低灵组、高灵组小鼠血清ALT、AST水平明显低于模型组[ALT:(129.62±44.65)U/L、(92.76±33.78)U/L比(201.78±62.47)U/L,P0.05;AST:(134.38±42.67)U/L、(101.76±34.56)U/L比(223.63±77.31)U/L,P0.05];高灵组小鼠血清ALT、AST水平及肝组织炎症程度明显低于低灵组(P0.05);低灵组及高灵组小鼠肝细胞变性、坏死及炎症细胞浸润程度比模型组明显减轻(P0.05);结论破壁灵芝孢子粉能改善Con A诱导免疫性肝损伤模型小鼠血清ALT、AST水平及肝组织炎症程度。     

复方肝毒清对免疫性肝损伤模型小鼠的保护作用

[目的]观察复方肝毒清对刀豆蛋白A(ConA)所致小鼠肝损伤的保护作用。[方法]昆明种小鼠60只,随机分为空白对照组,模型对照组,肝毒清高、中、低剂量组(20、10、5g/kg),联苯双酯组(150mg/kg);除空白对照组外,所有小鼠2次尾静脉注射ConA(20mg/kg)复制肝损伤模型,各组均按设计剂量灌胃给药,空白对照组和模型对照组给予等容积生理盐水,共给药3次;取血清检测谷丙转氨酶(ALT)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α),取肝组织检测TNF-αmRNA表达,并进行肝组织病理学检查。[结果]肝毒清高、中、低剂量组均能降低血清ALT、TNF-α水平,抑制肝组织TNF-αmRNA表达,与模型对照组比较具有显著性差异(均P<0.01),并能一定程度改善肝组织病理变化。[结论]复方肝毒清对ConA所致小鼠肝损伤具有一定的保护作用。     

橙皮苷对刀豆蛋白A所致小鼠免疫性肝损伤的保护作用

目的探讨橙皮苷对刀豆蛋白A(ConA)所致小鼠免疫性肝损伤的保护作用。方法小鼠随机分为正常组、模型组、联苯双酯组、橙皮苷低、中、高剂量组,各组分别灌胃给药7 d,采用尾静脉注射ConA建立急性肝损伤模型,检测各组小鼠肝脾指数,测定血清谷丙转氨酶(ALT)和谷草转氨酶(AST)水平,检测肝匀浆中谷胱甘肽(GSH)、丙二醛(MDA)含量和caspase-3活性和TNF-α水平,观察肝组织病理学变化。结果与正常组比较,模型组肝脾指数显著增高,肝组织炎性坏死明显,血清ALT、AST升高,肝匀浆中GSH含量显著降低,MDA含量显著升高,同时肝组织caspase-3活性和TNF-α水平亦显著增高(均P0.01)。与模型组比较,橙皮苷能显著降低肝脾指数,改善肝组织损伤程度,降低血清ALT、AST水平,提高肝匀浆中GSH水平,降低MDA含量,降低caspase-3活性和TNF-α水平(P0.05,P0.01)。结论橙皮苷对ConA诱导的小鼠免疫性肝损伤具有一定的保护作用,其机制可能与抑制氧化应激反应,清除自由基,抑制TNF-α释放及caspase-3活化有关。     

黄芩素对D-氨基半乳糖联合脂多糖所诱导的小鼠肝损伤的保护作用

[目的]建立D-氨基半乳糖联合脂多糖(D-GalN/LPS)所诱导的小鼠肝损伤模型,探讨黄芩素对肝损伤的保护作用.[方法]腹腔注射给予小鼠D-GalN/LPS,分别于给药1,2,4,6h后采血并剖取肝脏,测定血清ALT,AST,TNF-α值及肝组织GSH水平.另取小鼠适量制作肝损伤模型,分别灌胃给予黄芩素50,100,150mg/kg,1h后测定血清ALT,AST,TNF-α值.[结果]给予D-GalN/LPS6h时小鼠血清ALT,AST水平上升最显著,2h时血清TNF-α水平上升最显著,4h时开始下降,6h时趋于正常,小鼠肝匀浆中GSH水平在6h时损耗最显著.各剂量黄芩素均可降低D-GalN/LPS诱导的肝损伤小鼠的血清ALT,AST,TNF-α水平.[结论]黄芩素对D-GalN/LPS所诱导的小鼠急性肝损伤具有保护作用.     

短梗五加乙酸乙酯提取物对败血症并发急性肝损伤模型小鼠的保护作用

[目的]探讨短梗五加乙酸乙酯提取物对败血症并发急性肝损伤模型小鼠的保护作用.[方法]取雄性ICR小鼠随机分为正常对照组、模型对照组、阳性对照组和短梗五加乙酸乙酯提取物低、高剂量组.短梗五加乙酸乙酯提取物低、高剂量组分别腹腔注射给予100,200 mg/kg短梗五加乙酸乙酯提取物,阳性对照组腹腔注射给予30 mg/kg地塞米松,正常对照组和模型对照组灌胃给予等体积生理盐水.30 min后,除正常对照组外其余各组均腹腔注射给予脂多糖(LPS,20μg/kg)和D-氨基半乳糖(D-GalN,700 mg/kg),比较各组小鼠肝组织中MDA含量和SOD活性、血清中AST,ALT活性及NO,TNF-α水平,并观察48 h内的生存率.[结果]短梗五加乙酸乙酯提取物低剂量组生存率为60%,高剂量组为80%;与模型对照组比较,短梗五加乙酸乙酯提取物低、高剂量组肝组织中MDA含量显著降低(P<0.01),SOD活性显著升高(P<0.05,P<0.01),血清中AST,ALT活性及NO,TNF-α水平均显著降低(P<0.01).[结论]短梗五加乙酸乙酯提取物对D-GalN和LPS诱导的败血症并发急性肝损伤模型小鼠具有保护作用,其机制认为可能与抑制炎症介质NO和TNF-α有关系.     

青藤碱对异烟肼和利福平联用致小鼠肝损伤的保护作用

目的探讨青藤碱对异烟肼和利福平联用致小鼠肝脏损伤的保护作用。方法采用随机数字表法将60只小鼠分为正常对照组、模型组、青藤碱低剂量组、青藤碱中剂量组、青藤碱高剂量组和联苯双酯组6组,每组10只。除正常对照组外,其余各组给予异烟肼（100mg/kg,溶于20ml0.9%氯化钠注射液）和利福平（100mg/kg,溶于20ml0.9%氯化钠注射液）灌胃建立肝损伤小鼠病理模型,正常对照组给予等体积的0.9%氯化钠注射液灌胃。造模2h后青藤碱低、中、高剂量组分别给予青藤碱50、100、150mg/kg（均溶于4ml蒸馏水）灌胃,联苯双酯组给予联苯双酯（200mg/kg,溶于4ml蒸馏水）灌胃,正常组和模型组分别给予蒸馏水（20ml/kg）灌胃,连续灌胃10d后测定小鼠肝脏指数,采用比色法测定血清ALT、AST、TG水平及肝匀浆中丙二醛（MDA）水平、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性以及谷胱甘肽（GSH）水平,并观察肝组织形态学变化。结果与正常对照组比较,模型组小鼠血清ALT、AST水平均升高,肝匀浆中SOD水平降低,差异均有统计学意义（均P＜0.01）。与模型组比较,青藤碱高剂量组和联苯双酯组小鼠血清ALT、AST、TG水平均降低,青藤碱中剂量组小鼠血清AST、TG水平均降低,青藤碱高剂量组小鼠肝匀浆中SOD活性升高,青藤碱中、高剂量组小鼠肝匀浆中GSH水平均升高,青藤碱低、中、高各剂量组小鼠肝匀浆中MDA水平均降低,差异均有统计学意义（均P＜0.05）。组织病理学检查显示：与正常对照组比较,模型组小鼠肝组织损伤严重,肝索排列紊乱,肝小叶结构不清,界限模糊,肝组织炎性细胞浸润;与模型组比较,青藤碱各剂量组肝细胞和肝小叶破坏有所减轻,且破坏程度随青藤碱浓度升高而降低,肝细胞炎症症状有所改善。结论青藤碱能够保护异烟肼和利福平联用而导致的小鼠肝损伤。     

丹参抑制NLRP3炎症小体减轻胆汁淤积性肝损伤

目的:探讨丹参抑制肝脏核苷酸结合寡聚化结构域样受体蛋白3(NLRP3)炎症小体活化、减轻胆汁淤积性肝损伤的作用机制。方法:40只雄性C57BL/6小鼠随机分为正常组、模型组及丹参低、高剂量组,每组10只。模型组和丹参组小鼠采用0.1%DDC饲料连续喂养3周的方法诱导胆汁淤积性肝损伤,同时正常组小鼠给予不含DDC饲料喂养。造模1周后,丹参低、高剂量组小鼠每日分别灌胃给予1.5 g/kg和3.0 g/kg丹参浸膏粉溶液,正常组与模型组灌胃给予等体积双蒸水,连续14 d。造模3周末收集各组小鼠血清和肝组织。试剂盒检测血清丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)、天冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)和总胆红素(TBIL)水平,计算肝脏指数; HE染色观察肝组织病理学及炎症分级的变化; ELISA检测肝组织白介素-1β(IL-1β)含量;免疫组化观察肝脏NLRP3蛋白表达。结果:与正常组比较,模型组小鼠血清ALT、AST、TBIL水平和肝脏指数明显升高(P0.01),HE染色结果显示,肝内汇管区和胆管周围出现大量炎症细胞浸润,肝组织促炎因子IL-1β含量和NLRP3阳性表达显著上调(P0.01)。丹参干预2周后可降低模型小鼠血清ALT、AST、TBIL水平和肝脏指数(P0.05,P0.01),明显减轻肝组织病变,改善炎症细胞浸润,降低肝组织IL-1β含量,并减少NLRP3阳性表达(P0.01)。与丹参低剂量组比较,丹参高剂量组改善肝功能及肝组织病变、抑制IL-1β表达及NLRP3炎症小体活化的作用效果更为明显(P0.05)。结论:丹参可有效减轻DDC诱导的小鼠胆汁淤积性肝损伤,其机制与抑制NLRP3炎症小体活化有关。     

银杏叶提取物对小鼠急性酒精性肝损伤的保护作用

[目的]探讨银杏叶提取物对酒精性肝损伤的保护作用．[方法]采用昆明种雄性小鼠,随机分为正常对照组、模型对照组,银杏叶提取物大、小剂量（93．52,46．76mg／kg）组及阳性对照组．除正常对照组正常饲养外,其余各组分别灌胃给予相应药物或等量生理盐水1h后,灌胃给予乙醇．连续灌胃给予药物及乙醇5d建立小鼠急性酒精性肝损伤模型,测定血清谷丙转氨酶（ALT）、谷草转氨酶（AST）水平及肝脏中肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF—α）、丙二醛（MDA）含量．[结果]模型对照组血清中ALT,AST水平及肝脏中TNF-α,MDA含量与正常对照组比较均明显增高（P〈0．01）．与模型对照组比较,银杏叶提取物大、小剂量组小鼠血清ALT,AST水平及肝组织TNF—α,MDA水平均明显降低（P〈0．05,P〈0．01）．[结论]银杏叶提取物对小鼠急性酒精性肝损伤具有保护作用,其机制可能与抗脂质过氧化、抑制炎症介质的产生有关．     

草苁蓉正丁醇及水萃取物对小鼠急性肝损伤的保护作用

[目的]探讨草苁蓉正丁醇及水萃取物对D-氨基半乳糖（GalN）及内毒素（LPS）联合诱发的小鼠急性肝损伤的保护作用.[方法]将实验小鼠随机分为正常对照组、模型对照组、水飞蓟素组（阳性对照组）及草苁蓉正丁醇及水萃取物大、小剂量（240,120mg/kg）组,每日分别灌胃给予实验小鼠相应药物,共7d.实验末期,腹腔注射给予GalN和LPS建立小鼠急性肝损伤模型,并检测血清天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶（AST）、丙氨酸氨基转移酶（ALT）活性及肝组织Caspase-3和Caspase-8活化水平.[结果]草苁蓉正丁醇及水萃取物均可明显降低肝损伤小鼠血清ALT和AST水平,降低肝组织Caspase-3和Caspase-8活化水平.[结论]草苁蓉正丁醇及水萃取物对GalN和LPS联合诱导的小鼠急性肝损伤具有保护作用,其机制可能与抑制肝细胞凋亡作用有关.     

血府逐瘀汤对刀豆蛋白A诱导小鼠肝纤维化的防治作用

目的:探索血府逐瘀汤对刀豆蛋白A(Con A)诱导小鼠肝纤维化的防治作用。方法:将Balb/c雄性小鼠,随机分为正常组、模型组及治疗组。模型组与治疗组按照12.5 mg/kg小鼠体质量予以尾静脉注射Con A,正常组予注射相应剂量生理盐水,1次/周,共10周。治疗组于造模同时予血府逐瘀汤药液10 ml/kg小鼠体质量灌胃,正常组及模型组予以等量饮用水,1次/d。10周后,处死各组小鼠,全自动生化仪检测血清丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)、门冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)和白蛋白(Alb);HE和天狼星红染色观察肝组织炎症和胶原沉积;碱水解法检测肝组织羟脯氨酸(Hyp)含量;RT-PCR法检测肝组织α-平滑肌肌动蛋白(α-SMA)、转化生长因子β1(TGF-β1)及Ⅰ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ型胶原(Col I、Ⅲ、Ⅳ)表达。结果:模型组小鼠ALT和AST活性均较正常组明显升高(P0.05);肝组织HE染色可见肝细胞坏死和大量炎性细胞浸润;天狼猩红染色可见大量胶原沉积和假小叶形成;肝组织α-SMA、TGF-β1及ColⅠ、Ⅲ、ⅣmRNA表达较正常组显著升高(P0.01)。与模型组相比,治疗组ALT、AST水平明显降低(P0.05);肝脏炎症和胶原沉积明显改善;α-SMA、TGF-β1及ColⅠ、Ⅲ、ⅣmRNA表达显著下调(P0.05,P0.01)。结论:血府逐瘀汤可通过减轻肝脏炎症和抑制肝星状细胞(HSC)活化减少胶原合成而改善Con A诱导的小鼠肝纤维化。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.