无症状低血糖和行急诊冠脉介入的ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者围手术期室性心律失常相关性研究

【】目的：评价对于行急诊冠脉介入治疗的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者无症状低血糖和室性心律失常的关系。方法：所有患者使用动态血糖监测系统(continuous glucose monitoring system ,CGMS)及动态心电监测(Holter)系统,进行动态血糖及心电的同步监测,观察无症状低血糖和室性心律失常的关系。结果：根据入选标准和排除标准,入选了237例行急诊冠脉介入治疗的STEMI患者,CGMS共记录了477次无症状低血糖(血糖<3.9mmol/l)发作,糖尿病组患者平均血糖(10.6±2.3mmol/l vs. 6.7±1.1 mmol/l)、血糖最高值(15.9±3.5mmol/l vs.10.9±3.1 mmol/l)、MAGE(3.9±1.1mmol/l vs.2.8±1.6 mmol/l)、SDBG(2.5±1.3mmol/l vs. 1.3±0.7 mmol/l)、平均低血糖发作次数(2.7±3.2mmol/l vs. 1.7±1.8mmol/l)均高于非糖尿病组患者(P<0.05)。此外,无论是糖尿病还是非糖尿病患者,低血糖发作均好发于夜间。与非低血糖组患者相比,无症状低血糖组患者室性早搏、室早二联律及非持续性室速发生次数更多(P<0.05)。结论：行急诊冠脉介入治疗的STEMI患者,无症状低血糖发作是普遍存在的,且好发于夜间。无症状性低血糖和室性心律失常相关。     

采用动态血糖监测系统评价沙格列汀改善胰岛β细胞功能较差的2型糖尿病患者血糖波动的观察

目的 观察沙格列汀联合持续皮下输注胰岛素对胰岛β细胞功能较差的T2DM患者血糖波动的影响. 方法 选取胰岛功能较差的T2DM患者30例,采用持续皮下输注胰岛素治疗15d,第10天后不再调整胰岛素剂量,第13天晨起开始口服沙格列汀,第11～15天采用动态血糖监测系统（CGMS）监测血糖,比较第11～12天和第14～15天平均血糖波动幅度（MAGE）、血糖水平标准差（SD-BG）、最大血糖波动幅度（LAGE）、平均血糖水平（MBG）、血糖＞10.0 mmol/L的时间百分率（PT10.0）、血糖＜3.9 mmol/L时间百分率（PT3.9）的变化. 结果 与口服沙格列汀前相比,口服沙格列汀后MAGE [（5.28±1.44）vs（3.27±0.76）mmol/L,P＜0.01]、SDBG[（2.43±0.50）vs（1.79±0.45） mmol/L,P＜0.01]、MBG[（8.05±1.01） vs （6.94±0.72） mmol/L,P＜0.01]、LAGE[（8.91±1.57） vs（6.77±1.13）mmol/L,P＜0.01]、PT10.0[（11.69±4.18）％vs （4.03±2.50）％,P＜0.01]下降,PT3.9[（4.07±3.00）％vs （4.72±2.66）％,P＞0.05]变化比较差异无统计学意义. 结论 沙格列汀联合持续皮下输注胰岛素可改善胰岛功能较差的T2DM患者血糖波动,且不增加低血糖事件发生.     

实时动态血糖监测系统在白族糖尿病合并老年多器官功能不全综合征患者中的临床应用优势

目的 探讨实时动态血糖监测系统(RT-CGMS)在白族糖尿病合并老年多器官功能不全综合征(MODSE)患者治疗中的临床应用价值。方法 纳入2018年1月至12月在大理白族自治州人民医院老年病科住院的白族糖尿病合并MODSE、急性生理和慢性健康状况APACHE Ⅱ评分>15分的患者112例。患者分为2组,RT-CGMS组和自我血糖监测(SMBG)组,每组56例。比较2组患者的一般临床资料、血糖波动指标、低血糖发生率、平均每日胰岛素用量、住院时间及28d病死率。采用SPSS 16.0软件进行统计分析,2组间比较采用t检验或χ²检验。结果 与观察第2天相比,SMBG组患者第3天的血糖水平标准差(SDBG)显著降低[(3.2±1.1)和(2.9±1.0)mmol/L;P<0.05],RT-CGMS组患者第3天的平均血糖水平[MBG,(10.8±2.5)和(8.8±1.9)mmol/L;SDBG,(2.8±0.8)和(1.8±0.7)mmol/L]、最大血糖波动幅度[LAGE,(8.9±3.6)和(7.2±1.6)mmol/L]、平均血糖波动幅度[MAGE,(6.3±1.0)和(5.0±0.4)mmol/L]均显著降低(P＜0.05)。观察第2天,与SMBG组患者相比,RT-CGMS组患者SDBG显著降低[(2.8±0.8)和(3.2±1.1)mmol/L;P<0.05];观察第3天,与SMBG组患者相比,RT-CGMS组患者MBG[(8.8±1.9)和(10.9±2.8)mmol/L]、SDBG[(1.8±0.7)和(2.9±1.0)mmol/L]、LAGE[(7.2±1.6)和(9.6±3.1)mmol/L]均显著降低(P＜0.05)。与SMBG组相比,RT-CGMS组患者的低血糖发生率(16.1%和3.6%)、平均每日胰岛素量[(38.2±6.8)和(32.1±5.4)IU/d]、住院时间[(14.6±4.2)和(12.1±4.0)d]均显著降低(P＜0.05)。结论 RT-CGMS的应用可降低糖尿病合并MODSE患者的血糖波动,对提高抢救成功率、延长生存期及减少平均住院日具有重要的临床意义。     

2型糖尿病患者血糖变异性与冠状动脉病变程度之间的关系

目的:探讨2型糖尿病患者血糖变异性与冠状动脉病变程度之间的关系。方法:连续入选因胸痛入我院准备行冠状动脉造影的2型糖尿病患者521例,入院采集一般资料后采用动态血糖监测系统(CGMS)进行连续3 d的血糖监测反映血糖波动情况,然后行冠状动脉造影并根据结果分为冠心病组381例、非冠心病组140例,用Gensini积分法评价冠状动脉病变程度。对两组间各项参数进行比较,并与Gensini积分进行相关性分析。结果:(1)冠心病组患者日内平均血糖波动幅度(MAGE)、餐后血糖波动幅度(PPGE)、超敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)和血肌酐(Cr)水平明显高于对照组[MAGE(3.9±1.2)vs.(3.3±1.0)mmol/L,PPGE(4.1±1.8)vs.(3.4±1.5)mmol/L,hs-CRP(10.1±11.1)vs.(5.9±6.0)mg/L,Cr(87±21)vs.(76±17)mmol/L,均P0.001]。(2)在整体研究患者中Pearson相关性分析显示Gensini积分和MAGE、年龄、PPGE、糖化血红蛋白(Hb A1c)水平密切正相关。(3)以Gensini积分作为因变量,各相关因素作为自变量进行多因素逐步回归分析表明年龄、MAGE、hs-CRP和Hb A1c是影响Gensini积分的独立危险因子。结论:在2型糖尿病患者中日内血糖波动幅度影响冠状动脉病变程度,日内血糖波动幅度越大冠状动脉病变程度越重,血糖波动性的风险应该得到广泛关注。     

3C胰岛素泵治疗脆性糖尿病的临床疗效

目的探讨3C胰岛素泵与双C方案(胰岛素泵联合回顾性动态血糖监测)治疗脆性糖尿病的疗效与安全性。方法随机选择32例脆性糖尿病患者并分为3C组(16例)和双C组(16例),均治疗6d,比较两组治疗前后血糖水平、血糖波动情况和低血糖发生情况。结果治疗第6天3C组空腹血糖(FPG,(6.3±0.6)mmol/L vs(7.1±0.5)mmol/L]、平均血糖(MBG,(7.87±0.72)mmol/L vs(10.86±1.08)mmol/L]明显低于双C组(P0.05),3C组平均血糖波动幅度(MAGE,(3.79±0.50)mmol/L vs(4.98±0.41)mmol/L)、低血糖风险系数(LGBI,(0.39±0.13)vs(1.08±0.32)]明显低于双C组(P0.05),3C组血糖3.9 mmol/L的药时曲线下面积(AUC,(3.9,0.11±0.04)mmol·L~(-1)·h~(-1)vs(0.49±0.15)mmol·L~(-1)·h~(-1)]明显低于双C组(P0.05)。结论 3C胰岛素泵治疗脆性糖尿病的疗效及安全性明显优于双C方案。     

BNP、D-二聚体、纤维蛋白原、血糖和不同血钾水平对急性心肌梗死预后的影响

目的：探讨BNP、D-二聚体、纤维蛋白原、血糖和不同血钾水平对急性心肌梗死预后的影响。方法：采用回顾性研究方法,2013年1月到2017年1月选择在我院急诊住院的140例急性心肌梗死患者作为病例组,同期选择在我院进行体检的健康人140例作为对照组,两组都进行BNP、D-二聚体、纤维蛋白原、血糖、血钾的检测,记录病例组的冠脉病变评分情况,并进行相关性分析。结果：观察组的BNP、D-二聚体、纤维蛋白原、血糖和血钾值分别为354.45±65.39pg/ml、0.75±0.21μg/mL、5.33±0.44g/L、6.64±1.11mmol/L和3.22±1.09mmol/L,对照组分别为63.22±34.11pg/ml、0.26±1.19μg/mL、2.78±0.51g/L、4.59±0.98mmol/L和4.99±0.38mmol/L,组间对比差异都有统计学意义(P<0.05)。急性心肌梗死患者中冠状动脉单支病变74例,多支病变66例,平均病变支数为1.67±0.45支,平均冠脉病变积分为284.22±45.20分;Spearman秩相关分析法显示冠脉病变积分与BNP、D-二聚体、纤维蛋白原、血糖呈现明显正相关性(P<0.05),与血钾呈现明显负相关性(P<0.05);logistic回归分析分析显示BNP、D-二聚体、纤维蛋白原、血糖、血钾都为影响冠脉病变积分的主要危险因素(P<0.05)。结论：BNP、D-二聚体、纤维蛋白原、血糖和血钾在急性心肌梗死中都处于异常表达状况,能有效反映患者的冠脉病变预后情况,对急性心肌梗死诊断及预估预后具有重要的临床意义。     

雷帕霉素对KKAy小鼠体重及胰岛素抵抗的影响

目的 探讨雷帕霉素对KKAy小鼠体重及胰岛素抵抗(IR)的影响.方法 16周KKAy小鼠34只,随机分为对照组(NC组,12只)、雷帕霉素治疗组(R组,12只)、胰岛素治疗组(Ins组,10只),6只同龄C57BL与5只KKAy小鼠作为治疗前对照.结果 治疗前KKAy小鼠体重、血糖、TG明显高于C57BL小鼠(体重36.2±1.9 g vs 29.3±1.0 g;血糖13.4±1.7 mmol/L vs 7.8±0.5 mmol/L;TG1.59±0.16 mmol/L vs 0.75±0.09 mmol/L;P均＜0.01).治疗4周后R组体重(33.7±2.3 g),低于NC组(38.2±1.5 g)和Ins组(37.4±1.1 g),差异有统计学意义(P均＜0.05);R组血糖(17.2±7.3 nmol/L),低于NC组(29.1±3.2 mmol/L),差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);治疗8周后R组体重(32.2±3.1 g),低于NC组(39.3±2.8 g),差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);血糖(18.2±3.7 mmol/L),低于NC组(24.4±5.1 mmol/L),差异无统计学意义(P=0.06).胰岛素敏感试验表明R组在注射胰岛素60 min后,血糖降幅明显大于NC组(4.88±0.73 mmol/L vs 2.65±2.12 mmol/L,P＜0.05).结论 雷帕霉素可减轻KKAy小鼠体重、改善IR、降低血糖.     

血糖波动对急性心肌梗死患者左心室功能的影响研究

目的探讨血糖波动对急性心肌梗死患者左心室功能的影响。方法选取2013—2015年无锡市第九人民医院收治的急性心肌梗死患者200例,根据平均血糖波动幅度(MAGE)分为MAGE3.9 mmol/L组122例(A组)与MAGE≥3.9 mmol/L组78例(B组)。比较两组患者一般资料、实验室检查结果、心功能指标,并分析MAGE对急性心肌梗死患者左心室功能的影响。结果两组患者性别、年龄、体质指数(BMI)、高血压病史阳性率、慢性阻塞性肺疾病病史阳性率、脑卒中病史阳性率、收缩压(SBP)、舒张压(DBP)、心率比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05);A组患者糖尿病病史阳性率低于B组(P0.05)。两组患者总胆固醇(TC)、三酰甘油(TG)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、舒张期末容积指数比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05);A组患者空腹血糖、糖化血红蛋白(Hb A1c)低于B组,收缩期末容积指数小于B组,左心室射血分数(LVEF)、每搏输出量高于B组,Killip分级优于B组,室壁运动积分指数大于B组(P0.05)。多因素logistic回归分析结果显示,MAGE〔OR=1.567,95%CI(1.021,2.178)〕是急性心肌梗死患者左心室功能的影响因素(P0.05)。结论血糖波动会影响急性心肌梗死患者左心室功能,MAGE是急性心肌梗死患者左心室功能的影响因素之一。     

早期糖代谢异常对冠状动脉血流储备的影响

目的探讨早期糖代谢异常对冠状动脉(冠脉)血流储备的影响.方法包括25例糖耐量异常的胸痛但冠脉造影正常患者(糖耐量异常组)及25例血糖正常且年龄、性别及一般情况匹配、冠脉造影正常的患者(对照组).比较两组的血糖、胰岛素、糖化血红蛋白、纤维蛋白原、C-反应蛋白水平及冠脉血流储备功能.结果糖耐量异常组空腹及糖耐量试验餐后2h血糖显著高于对照组分别为(6.54±0.22)mmol/L与(5.18±0.66)mmol/L;(10.63±3.26)mmol/L与(9.09±1.89)mmol/L,P均＜0.001],前者糖化血红蛋白明显增高[(6.32±O.67)%与(5.54±1.23)%,P＜0.05].与对照组比较,糖耐量异常组基础冠脉血流平均峰值流速显著增高[(22.6±5.6)cm/s与(17.9±4.9)cm/s,P＜0.05],但腺苷激发后冠脉血流平均峰值流速[(47.1±13.8)cm/s与(60.7±15.3)cm/s,P＜0.05]和冠脉血流储备(2.09±0.31与3.42±0.55,P＜0.001)显著减低.结论早期糖代谢异常时,冠脉造影正常,但其冠脉血流储备常常减低.     

LDL-C/HDL-C比值与冠脉病变程度和急性冠脉综合征的关系

目的探讨LDL-C/HDL-C比值与冠脉病变程度和急性冠脉综合征的关系.方法回顾性地分析203例选择性冠状动脉造影的病人,其中冠心病组(冠状动脉狭窄至少有1支以上≥50%)139例,非冠心病组(冠状动脉狭窄<50%)64例,分析两组间血脂各项(LDL-C、HDL-C、LDL-C/HDL-C)是否有差异性;LDL-C、HDL-C、LDL-C/HDL-C与冠状动脉狭窄程度的相关性及与急性冠脉综合征的关系.结果 (1)LDL-C、LDL-C/HDL-C冠心病组比非冠心病组高[LDL-C(2.71±0.81)mmol/L vs (2.33±0.95)mmol/L, P＜0.01;LDL-C/HDL-C (2.43±0.66) vs (1.92±0.64), P＜0.01];冠心病组HDL-C(1.17±0.29) mmol/L低于非冠心病组HDL-C(1.27±0.35)mmol/L,(P＜0.05).(2)LDL-C,LDL-C/HDL-C与冠状动脉狭窄程度呈微弱的正相关(RldL-c=0.159,P=0.024, RldL-c/hdL-c=0.213,P=0.002) .(3)LDL-C/HDL-C急性冠脉综合征组(2.61±0.85) 比非急性冠脉综合症组(2.33±0.86)高(P＜0.05),差异有显著性.结论 (1)冠心病患者LDL-C、LDL-C/HDL-C升高、HDL-C降低.(2)LDL-C,LDL-C/HDL-C与冠状动脉狭窄程度呈微弱正相关.(3) LDL-C/HDL-C比值升高是急性冠脉综合症的一项比较常见的伴有脂质异常.     

The immunoneuroendocrine role of melatonin

Abstract: A tight, physiological link between the pineal gland and the immune system is emerging from a series of experimental studies. This link might reflect the evolutionary connection between self-recognition and reproduction. Pinealectomy or other experimental methods which inhibit melatonin synthesis and secretion induce a state of immunodepression which is counteracted by melatonin. In general, melatonin seems to have an immunoenhancing effect that is particularly apparent in immunodepressive states. The negative effect of acute stress or immunosuppressive pharmacological treatments on various immune parameters are counteracted by melatonin. It seems important to note that one of the main targets of melatonin is the thymus, i.e., the central organ of the immune system. The clinical use of melatonin as an immunotherapeutic agent seems promising in primary and secondary immunodeficiencies as well as in cancer immunotherapy. The immunoenhancing action of melatonin seems to be mediated by T-helper cell-derived opioid peptides as well as by lymphokines and, perhaps, by pituitary hormones. Melatonin-induced-immuno-opioids (MHO) and lymphokines imply the presence of specific binding sites or melatonin receptors on cells of the immune system. On the other hand, lymphokines such as -γ-interferon and interleukin-2 as well as thymic hormones can modulate the synthesis of melatonin in the pineal gland. The pineal gland might thus be viewed as the crux of a sophisticated immunoneuroendocrine network which functions as an unconscious, diffuse sensory organ.     

Response of rat pineal melatonin to calcium, magnesium, and lithium is circadian stage dependent

Abstract: Herein we documented the response of pineal melatonin production to electrolytes known to be effective on pineal function in view of a possible circadian stage dependence. We studied the release of melatonin by perifused rat pineal glands at 2 different circadian stages corresponding to the middle of the light and dark periods, i.e., respectively, 7 and 19 HALO (Hours After Light Onset, L:D = 12:12). The initial efflux rates were, as expected, much higher in the perifusates of glands removed from rats sacrificed during the dark phase than of those removed during the light phase. After 3 hr of perifusion, melatonin release reached similar levels which were found constant up to the 8th hr of perifusion, whatever the circadian stage. Perifusion of the glands with physiological concentrations for the rat of calcium (5.2 mmol/1) and magnesium (1.34 mmol/1) resulted in a stimulatory effect on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed in the middle of the dark period (19 HALO), whereas no effects were observed on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed during the light (7 HALO). Lithium (0.28 and 0.55 mmol/1) was ineffective on melatonin release in pineal glands removed 7 and 19 HALO. Our results show differences in the initial efflux rates of melatonin and in the response of perifused pineal glands to calcium and magnesium according to the circadian stage.     

Changes in connexin43, the gap junction protein of astrocytes, during development of the rat pineal gland

Abstract: The abundance of gap junctions between rat pineal astrocytes formed by connexin43 (Cx43) was studied during development. Levels and distribution of Cx43 were measured by immunoblotting and indirect immunofluorescence, respectively. The amount of Cx43 in cells located within the gland was low until about the 7th postnatal day and increased to adult values between the 14th and 21st days postpartum. Although astrocytes, recognized by their vimentin immunoreactivity, were scarce before birth, they were abundant by the 7th postnatal day suggesting that the low levels of Cx43 found at this age corresponded to a low expression of this protein. Localization of the immunoreactivity to Cx43 and vimentin showed a close correlation, indicating that mature or immature pineal astrocytes form gap junctions made of Cx43. Since Cx43 levels attained their adult values at about the time the innervation and the functional state of the gland reached maturity (2–3 weeks after birth), it is proposed that astrocyte gap junctions are involved in the function of the adult rat pineal gland.     

Conservative management of perforated duodenal diverticulum： A case report and review of the literature

Duodenal diverticula are a relatively common condition. They are asymptomatic, unless they become complicated, with perforation being the rarest but most severe complication. Surgical treatment is the most frequently performed approach. We report the case of a patient with a perforated duodenal diverticulum, which was diagnosed early and treated conservatively with antibiotics and percutaneous drainage of secondary retroperitoneal abscesses. We suggest this method could be an acceptable option for the management of similar cases, provided that the patient is in good general condition and without septic signs.     

Presence of immunoreactive growth hormone and prolactin in the ovine pineal gland

Abstract: The use of antisera raised against bovine growth hormone (GH) and ovine prolactin (PRL) enabled the detection of related immunoreactive (ir) sequences of proteins in ovine pineal tissue. The isolation of PRL-like ir-material was accomplished using a 0.25 M ammonium sulphate (pH 5.5) extraction followed by ethanol precipitation, whereas the resulting 2.0 M ammonium sulphate (pH 7.0) precipitate contained a GH-like immunoreactivity. Gel chromatography of the GH-like immunoreactivity (Sephadex G-100) indicated the presence of several GH-like fragments ranging in the M_r range of 7,000 to 55,000. Analyses of the PRL-like ir-material found in pineal tissue on HPLC using a TSK 545-DEAE column led to the resolution into a single peak of immunoreactivity. A single peak of activity was also observed following chromatofocusing and hydrophobic interaction chromatography of the ir-peak from the TSK 545-DEAE column. The PRL-like ir-material inhibited the binding of [¹²⁵I]ovine PRL-S14 to anti-ovine PRL antibodies without showing an affinity for binding to anti-rat PRL or anti-bovine GH antibodies. Scatchard analysis of the binding of pineal PRL-like ir-material and pituitary ovine PRL-S14 to liver membranes from day-20 pregnant rats revealed similar affinity constants (K_a of 4.7 ± 0.2 × 10⁹ M^-1). In addition, the replication of Nb 2 Node rat lymphoma cells was stimulated by pineal PRL-like ir-material, an effect known to be specific for lactogenic hormones. The pineal PRL-like immunoreactivity appeared on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels as a single major band of M_r 24,000. The functional status of PRL-and GH-like ir-material in the ovine pineal remains to be determined, but evidence is presented that the overall protein synthesis rate of the rat pineal responded to circulating concentrations of PRL.     

Microbiology of human immunodeficiency virus anorectal disease

PURPOSE: Individuals who are seropositive for the human immunodeficiency virus are at high risk for opportunistic infection and anorectal disorders. Little prospective information is available regarding anorectal pathogens in these patients. METHODS: One hundred sixty-three HIV-seropositive patients presented to the colorectal clinic between 1989 and 1992. Forty-seven (29 percent) patients were thought to have an infectious process and were prospectively studied using a standardized multiculture protocol. RESULTS: Mean age was 33 (range, 19–59) years. All were male; high-risk behavior accounted for 87 percent of HIV transmissions. Presenting complaints included anorectal pain (79 percent), pus per anum (28 percent), and blood per anum (26 percent). Examination revealed perianal tenderness (60 percent), condyloma (38 percent), perianal ulcers (38 percent), and anal fissures (34 percent). Sixty-six sets of cultures were performed; 28 patients had one set, 15 had two sets, and 4 had three sets. Thirty-two of these 47 patients (68 percent) had positive cultures including herpes (50 percent), cytomegalovirus (25 percent),Neisseria gonorrhoeae (16 percent), chlamydia (16 percent), acidfast bacilli (2 percent), and others (9 percent). Six of 32 patients with positive cultures had more than one organism cultured. Sixteen (50 percent) patients with positive cultures were treated medically, 8 (25 percent) were treated surgically and 8 (25 percent) were treated with both modalities. Sixty-one procedures were performed on 17 patients for condylomata. Eighteen patients had 20 procedures for abscesses, 50 percent of whom had positive cultures for other than common bowel flora; all improved. Fourteen patients underwent 33 procedures for perianal fistulas.Mycobacterium fortuitum was cultured from one patient who required 13 procedures for abscesses and fistulas. Forty-five (96 percent) patients were followed for an average of 12.5 months ±2.9 SEM (range, 1–94 months). Symptoms were improved or resolved in 22 of 32 (69 percent) patients with positive cultures and in 11 of 13 (84 percent) with negative cultures. CONCLUSIONS: Specific pathogens may often be identified in human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive patients with anorectal disorders if aggressively sought. Although patients without specific pathogens identified may be expected to improve with planned empiric treatment, positive identification allows more directed therapy.