Ⅱ型糖尿病患者血压状况分析

目的 研究糖尿病患者的血压状况,为糖尿病患者靶器官损害的防治提供依据.方法 对1997年7月至1999年10月在我院诊断的、偶测血压不高的Ⅱ型糖尿病患者43例和46名健康对照者进行动态血压监测,取24 h平均收缩压(24 h MSP)、24 h收缩压负荷值(24 h SPL)、24 h平均舒张压(24 h MDP)、24 h舒张压负荷值(24 h DPL)、白天平均收缩压(dMSP)、白天收缩压负荷值(dSPL)、白天平均舒张压(dMDP)、向天舒张压负荷值(dDPL)、夜间平均收缩压(nMSP)、夜间收缩压负荷值(nSPL)、夜间平均舒张压(nMDP)和夜间舒张压负荷值(nDPL),对受检者的血压昼夜节律及血压波动情况进行统计学分析.结果 糖尿病组的24 h MSP、dMSP、nMSP、24 h SPL、dSPL及nSPL与对照组比较,差异均有显著性意义(P＜0.01);非杓型血压及血压波动检出率亦明显高于对照组(P＜0.01);而24 h MDP、dMDP、nMDP、24 h DPL、dDPL、nDPL与对照组比较差异无显著性意义(P＞0.05).结论 糖尿病患者在临床上出现高血压之前已经出现收缩压升高、血压昼夜节律异常及血压波动,故控制糖尿病的慢性并发症应首先控制高血压,调整其异常的血压节律.动态血压监测能早期发现血压节律的异常.     

阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停对动态血压影响的研究

目的　探讨阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停 (OSA)夜间低氧血症对动态血压变化的影响。方法　选择阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征 (OSAS)患者 60例和正常对照组 2 0例进行多导睡眠图检查和 2 4h血压监测。结果　轻度OSAS患者的动态血压及其昼夜节律的改变与正常对照组相比无显著性差异 ;中度OSAS患者的nMDP及血压昼夜节律与正常对照组相比已有显著性差异 ;而重度OSAS组的动态血压改变则更加明显 ,2 4hMDP、2 4hMAP、dMSP、dMDP、dMAP、nMSP、nMDP、nMAP均明显高于对照组 ,其中 2 4hMDP、dMDP、dMAP、nMSP、nMDP与轻、中度组比较有显著性差异 ,同时夜间血压下降节律紊乱 ,昼夜血压差值减小。OSAS患者 2 4hMDP、dMDP、nMSP、nMDP、nMAP与睡眠呼吸暂停低通气指数 (AHI)呈显著正相关 ,而 2 4hMSP、2 4hMAP、nMSP、nMAP、ΔSBP、ΔDBP与睡眠中经皮血氧饱和度(SpO2 )降低大于 0 0 4的总次数、SpO2 低于 0 90的时间均呈正相关 ,而与睡眠中SpO2 最低值、SpO2 平均值呈负相关。结论　OSAS患者各期血压的平均水平与AHI、呼吸暂停持续时间及SpO2 降低的程度显著相关 ,OSAS的病情越重 ,这种血压变化及昼夜节律改变越显著     

老年代谢综合征患者动态血压监测分析

目的探讨老年代谢综合征(MS)患者24h动态血压、24h脉压与其靶器官损害的关系。方法将92例单纯老年高血压患者、88例单纯老年MS患者和117例伴靶器官损害的老年MS患者24h动态血压监测指标进行分析比较。结果老年MS组与单纯老年高血压组比较:MS组的夜间平均收缩压(nMSP)、24h平均脉压高于单纯高血压组(P0.01或P0.05),昼夜收缩压和舒张压差值低于单纯高血压组(P0.01)。伴靶器官损害MS组与单纯MS组比较:伴靶器官损害MS组白昼平均收缩压(dMSP)、nMSP、24h平均脉压较单纯MS组增高(P0.05或P0.01),24hMDP、dMDP、nMDP较单纯MS组降低(P0.05)。结论血压的昼夜差值与MS,脉压与MS及靶器官损害程度关系密切。     

阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征合并高血压的血压变异系数观察及其疗效评价

目的:观察阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征(OSAHS)合并高血压患者血压变异系数(CV)及不同时间给药前后血压CV的差异。方法:将123例高血压患者根据有无合并OSAHS分为单纯高血压组及OSAHS合并高血压组,比较2组间血压CV的差异。83例OSAHS合并高血压组的患者根据早晨或夜间口服替米沙坦或替米沙坦联合左旋氨氯地平治疗分成4组,连续治疗6个月。分别进行24 h动态血压测定,计算出各组间血压CV,进行比较。结果:高血压患者的血压CV与呼吸暂停低通气指数(AHI)呈正相关。单纯高血压与OSAHS合并高血压患者比较血压CV有显著差异(P<0.001)。夜间口服替米沙坦联合左旋氨氯地平治疗组患者收缩压的日间CV较其他组有明显改善(P<0.05);舒张压的总CV、日间CV及夜间CV均明显改善(P<0.001)。结论:合并OSAHS的高血压患者血压CV升高明显,夜间联合左旋氨氯地平治疗能更好改善血压CV。     

苯磺酸左旋氨氯地平片联合缬沙坦治疗老年原发性高血压的临床观察

目的探讨苯磺酸左旋氨氯地平片（施慧达）联合缬沙坦治疗老年原发性高血压治疗的临床疗效。方法将2010年1月-2012年1月在我院就诊的300例老年原发性高血压病人随机分为两组,对照组采用缬沙坦口服控制血压,治疗组采用施慧达联合缬沙坦治疗,对比分析两组病人的疗效。结果治疗24周末,治疗组与对照组的坐位收缩压、舒张压均有明显下降,组间比较差异无统计学意义。但治疗组脉压下降较对照组明显,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论苯磺酸左旋氨氯地平联合缬沙坦在治疗原发性高血压疗效显著,且无明显不良反应。     

阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征与心律失常及高血压的相关性研究

目的:探讨阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征(OSAHS)与心律失常及高血压的相关性。方法:应用多导睡眠图监测系统(PSG)行至少7h睡眠呼吸监测,长程心电图(Holter)同步记录心电动态变化,动态血压监测仪监测24h血压波动。结果:OSAHS组心律失常及高血压的发生率明显高于对照组(P0.05),病情分度越重者,其心律失常及高血压的发生率也越高(P0.05);重度OSAHS伴高血压与单纯高血压组比较,日间平均收缩压(DABPS)、日间平均舒张压(DABPD)、夜间平均收缩压(NABPS)、夜间平均舒张压(NABPD)、血压变异率水平均具有统计学差异。结论:心律失常及高血压的发生与OSAHS的严重程度相关,是导致心血管疾病及增加心血管意外的危险因素之一。     

持续气道正压通气对重度阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征合并高血压患者血压及血清瘦素水平的影响研究

目的探讨持续气道正压通气(CPAP)对重度阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征(OSAHS)合并高血压患者血压及血清瘦素水平的影响。方法选取我院2011年3月—2014年3月收治的资料完整的重度OSAHS合并高血压患者98例,采用随机数字表法分为对照组40例和治疗组58例。对照组患者给予常规降压药物治疗,治疗组患者在常规降压药物治疗基础上给予CPAP。观察两组患者治疗前、治疗6个月后夜间收缩压、夜间舒张压、24 h平均收缩压、24 h平均舒张压、呼吸暂停低通气指数(AHI)、最低动脉血氧饱和度(SaO2)、最长呼吸暂停时间、血清瘦素水平。结果组间比较:两组患者治疗前夜间收缩压、夜间舒张压、24 h平均收缩压、24 h平均舒张压、AHI、最低SaO2、最长呼吸暂停时间及血清瘦素水平比较,差异均无统计学意义(P0.05);治疗组患者治疗后夜间收缩压、夜间舒张压、24 h平均收缩压、24 h平均舒张压、AHI及血清瘦素水平低于对照组,最低SaO2高于对照组,最长呼吸暂停时间短于对照组(P0.05)。组内比较:对照组患者治疗后24 h平均收缩压、24 h平均舒张压较治疗前降低(P0.05),而治疗前后夜间收缩压、夜间舒张压、AHI、最低SaO2、最长呼吸暂停时间及血清瘦素水平比较,差异均无统计学意义(P0.05);治疗组患者治疗后夜间收缩压、夜间舒张压、24 h平均收缩压、24 h平均舒张压、AHI及血清瘦素水平均较治疗前降低,最低SaO2较治疗前升高,最长呼吸暂停时间较治疗前缩短(P0.05)。直线相关分析结果显示,重度OSAHS合并高血压患者治疗后24 h平均收缩压与AHI呈正相关(r=0.587,P0.05),与最低SaO2呈负相关(r=-0.519,P0.05),与血清瘦素水平呈正相关(r=0.497,P0.05)。结论在常规降压药物治疗基础上联合CAPA治疗可有效减少重度OSAHS合并高血压患者夜间间歇性低氧血症,降低交感神经兴奋性及血清瘦素水平,进而使其血压降低,有利于更好地控制血压。     

缬沙坦联合苯磺酸左旋氨氯地平治疗高血压效果分析

目的研究分析苯磺酸左旋氨氯地平联合缬沙坦治疗高血压的效果。方法选取2014年1月~2015年1月本院收治的高血压患者100例,随机分为两组,各50例。观察组使用缬沙坦联合苯磺酸左旋氨氯地平进行治疗,对照组采用氢氯噻嗪与缬沙坦联合治疗,两组患者疗程均为2个月。观察比较两组患者治疗前后舒张压、收缩压、血脂、血钾变化情况。结果治疗前两组血压比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05),治疗后两组患者血压降低,但是两组患者血压降低程度具有差异,其中观察组治疗前的舒张压和收缩压分别是(84.5±6.2)、(133.5±15.9),治疗后舒张压与收缩压变为(72.5±5.4)、(103.8±10.5),对照组在治疗前的舒张压与收缩压分别是(84.2±8.3)、(134.6±14.2),治疗后的舒张压与收缩压变为(80.8±9.2)、(112.5±15.2),观察组患者血压改善情况优于对照组,两组之间差异有统计学意义(P0.05);观察组总有效率为92.5%,远高于对照组的62.0%,组间差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论运用笨磺酸左旋氨氯地平联合缬沙坦治疗高血压患者,可以有效降低患者血压水平,改善患者各种症状,提高患者生活水平,值得临床推广应用。     

不同时间服用左旋氨氯地平对非杓型高血压患者血管功能和微小RNA-375水平的影响

目的 探讨不同时间服用左旋氨氯地平对非杓型高血压患者血管功能及微小RNA(miR)-375水平的影响。方法 选取哈励逊国际和平医院于2018年6月—2021年6月收治的非杓型高血压患者550例为受试者,按照随机数字表法分为观察组和对照组,各275例。两组患者均服用替米沙坦和/或氢氯噻嗪,在此基础上对照组采用晨起服用苯磺酸左旋氨氯地平方案治疗,观察组睡前给予苯磺酸左旋氨氯地平治疗,治疗周期均为6个月。比较两组患者血压昼夜节律、血压晨峰、血管内皮功能(一氧化氮、内皮素1)、血压变异性、血管弹性功能、血压达标率。检测并比较两组患者的血清miR-375表达水平。结果 随访6个月期间,对照组12例失访;观察组11例失访。治疗后两组患者24 h收缩压、白天平均收缩压、夜间平均收缩压、晨起平均收缩压、24 h舒张压、白天平均舒张压、晨起平均舒张压以及血压晨峰值、24 h收缩压变异系数及24 h舒张压变异系数下降,且观察组上述指标改善程度优于对照组(均P<0.05)。观察组夜间与全天血压达标率高于对照组(夜间达标率56.8%比31.2%,χ²=35.146,P<0.0...     

苯磺酸左旋氨氯地平降压疗效与药物经济学评价

目的探讨苯磺酸左旋氨氯地平与苯磺酸氨氯地平治疗轻中度原发性高血压的临床疗效。方法选择经2 w洗脱期后诊室血压达到轻中度原发性高血压诊断标准的患者123例,随机分成试验组(口服苯磺酸左旋氨氯地平片,n=62)和对照组(口服苯磺酸氨氯地平片,n=61)。用药前和用药8 w后分别进行24 h动态血压监测(ABMP),观察两组血压控制情况,计算用药前后24 h收缩压、舒张压平滑指数,并比较两种药物的成本效果差异。结果试验组和对照组经8 w治疗后,总有效率分别为87.10%和85.25%,组间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);两组间不良反应发生率相似(P>0.05);两组收缩压、舒张压的平滑指数均>1,组间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);试验组、对照组成本效果比分别为202.87和365.28。结论苯磺酸左旋氨氯地平和苯磺酸氨氯地平具有相同的安全性和有效性,但苯磺酸左旋氨氯地平具有成本效果优势。     

The immunoneuroendocrine role of melatonin

Abstract: A tight, physiological link between the pineal gland and the immune system is emerging from a series of experimental studies. This link might reflect the evolutionary connection between self-recognition and reproduction. Pinealectomy or other experimental methods which inhibit melatonin synthesis and secretion induce a state of immunodepression which is counteracted by melatonin. In general, melatonin seems to have an immunoenhancing effect that is particularly apparent in immunodepressive states. The negative effect of acute stress or immunosuppressive pharmacological treatments on various immune parameters are counteracted by melatonin. It seems important to note that one of the main targets of melatonin is the thymus, i.e., the central organ of the immune system. The clinical use of melatonin as an immunotherapeutic agent seems promising in primary and secondary immunodeficiencies as well as in cancer immunotherapy. The immunoenhancing action of melatonin seems to be mediated by T-helper cell-derived opioid peptides as well as by lymphokines and, perhaps, by pituitary hormones. Melatonin-induced-immuno-opioids (MHO) and lymphokines imply the presence of specific binding sites or melatonin receptors on cells of the immune system. On the other hand, lymphokines such as -γ-interferon and interleukin-2 as well as thymic hormones can modulate the synthesis of melatonin in the pineal gland. The pineal gland might thus be viewed as the crux of a sophisticated immunoneuroendocrine network which functions as an unconscious, diffuse sensory organ.     

Changes in connexin43, the gap junction protein of astrocytes, during development of the rat pineal gland

Abstract: The abundance of gap junctions between rat pineal astrocytes formed by connexin43 (Cx43) was studied during development. Levels and distribution of Cx43 were measured by immunoblotting and indirect immunofluorescence, respectively. The amount of Cx43 in cells located within the gland was low until about the 7th postnatal day and increased to adult values between the 14th and 21st days postpartum. Although astrocytes, recognized by their vimentin immunoreactivity, were scarce before birth, they were abundant by the 7th postnatal day suggesting that the low levels of Cx43 found at this age corresponded to a low expression of this protein. Localization of the immunoreactivity to Cx43 and vimentin showed a close correlation, indicating that mature or immature pineal astrocytes form gap junctions made of Cx43. Since Cx43 levels attained their adult values at about the time the innervation and the functional state of the gland reached maturity (2–3 weeks after birth), it is proposed that astrocyte gap junctions are involved in the function of the adult rat pineal gland.     

Conservative management of perforated duodenal diverticulum： A case report and review of the literature

Duodenal diverticula are a relatively common condition. They are asymptomatic, unless they become complicated, with perforation being the rarest but most severe complication. Surgical treatment is the most frequently performed approach. We report the case of a patient with a perforated duodenal diverticulum, which was diagnosed early and treated conservatively with antibiotics and percutaneous drainage of secondary retroperitoneal abscesses. We suggest this method could be an acceptable option for the management of similar cases, provided that the patient is in good general condition and without septic signs.     

Response of rat pineal melatonin to calcium, magnesium, and lithium is circadian stage dependent

Abstract: Herein we documented the response of pineal melatonin production to electrolytes known to be effective on pineal function in view of a possible circadian stage dependence. We studied the release of melatonin by perifused rat pineal glands at 2 different circadian stages corresponding to the middle of the light and dark periods, i.e., respectively, 7 and 19 HALO (Hours After Light Onset, L:D = 12:12). The initial efflux rates were, as expected, much higher in the perifusates of glands removed from rats sacrificed during the dark phase than of those removed during the light phase. After 3 hr of perifusion, melatonin release reached similar levels which were found constant up to the 8th hr of perifusion, whatever the circadian stage. Perifusion of the glands with physiological concentrations for the rat of calcium (5.2 mmol/1) and magnesium (1.34 mmol/1) resulted in a stimulatory effect on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed in the middle of the dark period (19 HALO), whereas no effects were observed on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed during the light (7 HALO). Lithium (0.28 and 0.55 mmol/1) was ineffective on melatonin release in pineal glands removed 7 and 19 HALO. Our results show differences in the initial efflux rates of melatonin and in the response of perifused pineal glands to calcium and magnesium according to the circadian stage.     

Presence of immunoreactive growth hormone and prolactin in the ovine pineal gland

Abstract: The use of antisera raised against bovine growth hormone (GH) and ovine prolactin (PRL) enabled the detection of related immunoreactive (ir) sequences of proteins in ovine pineal tissue. The isolation of PRL-like ir-material was accomplished using a 0.25 M ammonium sulphate (pH 5.5) extraction followed by ethanol precipitation, whereas the resulting 2.0 M ammonium sulphate (pH 7.0) precipitate contained a GH-like immunoreactivity. Gel chromatography of the GH-like immunoreactivity (Sephadex G-100) indicated the presence of several GH-like fragments ranging in the M_r range of 7,000 to 55,000. Analyses of the PRL-like ir-material found in pineal tissue on HPLC using a TSK 545-DEAE column led to the resolution into a single peak of immunoreactivity. A single peak of activity was also observed following chromatofocusing and hydrophobic interaction chromatography of the ir-peak from the TSK 545-DEAE column. The PRL-like ir-material inhibited the binding of [¹²⁵I]ovine PRL-S14 to anti-ovine PRL antibodies without showing an affinity for binding to anti-rat PRL or anti-bovine GH antibodies. Scatchard analysis of the binding of pineal PRL-like ir-material and pituitary ovine PRL-S14 to liver membranes from day-20 pregnant rats revealed similar affinity constants (K_a of 4.7 ± 0.2 × 10⁹ M^-1). In addition, the replication of Nb 2 Node rat lymphoma cells was stimulated by pineal PRL-like ir-material, an effect known to be specific for lactogenic hormones. The pineal PRL-like immunoreactivity appeared on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels as a single major band of M_r 24,000. The functional status of PRL-and GH-like ir-material in the ovine pineal remains to be determined, but evidence is presented that the overall protein synthesis rate of the rat pineal responded to circulating concentrations of PRL.     

Microbiology of human immunodeficiency virus anorectal disease

PURPOSE: Individuals who are seropositive for the human immunodeficiency virus are at high risk for opportunistic infection and anorectal disorders. Little prospective information is available regarding anorectal pathogens in these patients. METHODS: One hundred sixty-three HIV-seropositive patients presented to the colorectal clinic between 1989 and 1992. Forty-seven (29 percent) patients were thought to have an infectious process and were prospectively studied using a standardized multiculture protocol. RESULTS: Mean age was 33 (range, 19–59) years. All were male; high-risk behavior accounted for 87 percent of HIV transmissions. Presenting complaints included anorectal pain (79 percent), pus per anum (28 percent), and blood per anum (26 percent). Examination revealed perianal tenderness (60 percent), condyloma (38 percent), perianal ulcers (38 percent), and anal fissures (34 percent). Sixty-six sets of cultures were performed; 28 patients had one set, 15 had two sets, and 4 had three sets. Thirty-two of these 47 patients (68 percent) had positive cultures including herpes (50 percent), cytomegalovirus (25 percent),Neisseria gonorrhoeae (16 percent), chlamydia (16 percent), acidfast bacilli (2 percent), and others (9 percent). Six of 32 patients with positive cultures had more than one organism cultured. Sixteen (50 percent) patients with positive cultures were treated medically, 8 (25 percent) were treated surgically and 8 (25 percent) were treated with both modalities. Sixty-one procedures were performed on 17 patients for condylomata. Eighteen patients had 20 procedures for abscesses, 50 percent of whom had positive cultures for other than common bowel flora; all improved. Fourteen patients underwent 33 procedures for perianal fistulas.Mycobacterium fortuitum was cultured from one patient who required 13 procedures for abscesses and fistulas. Forty-five (96 percent) patients were followed for an average of 12.5 months ±2.9 SEM (range, 1–94 months). Symptoms were improved or resolved in 22 of 32 (69 percent) patients with positive cultures and in 11 of 13 (84 percent) with negative cultures. CONCLUSIONS: Specific pathogens may often be identified in human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive patients with anorectal disorders if aggressively sought. Although patients without specific pathogens identified may be expected to improve with planned empiric treatment, positive identification allows more directed therapy.