绝经后妇女血清脂联素、瘦素水平与骨密度关系

目的：探讨绝经后妇女血清脂联素（adiponectin）、瘦素（leptin）水平与骨密度（BMD）的关系。方法：用酶联免疫吸附试验测定363名40~80岁健康绝经后女性血清脂联素、雌二醇、睾酮、25-羟维生素D、甲状旁腺激素;用双能X线骨密度扫描仪测定总体、腰椎正位、总髋部BMD以及体脂、瘦体质量;并分析它们之间的关系。结果：脂联素与总体BMD、腰椎BMD、髋部总体BMD、前臂BMD均呈负相关（分别r=-0.181, r=-0.208, r=-0.228, r=-0.203, P＜0.05）,校正年龄和体脂后,相关性依然存在（分别r=-0.131, r=-0.140, r=-0.159, r=-0.172, P＜0.05）。瘦素与髋部总体BMD、前臂BMD均呈正相关（分别r=0.162, r=0.210, P＜0.05）;瘦素与总体BMD、腰椎BMD不相关;校正年龄和体脂后,瘦素与前臂BMD相关性存在（r=0.157, P＜0.05）,而与髋部总体BMD相关性消失。逐步多元线性回归分析显示,绝经年限、瘦体质量、脂联素、雌二醇是总体、髋部与前臂BMD的独立影响因素。绝经年限、瘦体质量、BMI、脂联素、雌二醇是腰椎BMD的独立影响因素。结论： 脂联素是BMD的独立影响因素。     

绝经后2型糖尿病患者骨代谢变化及其影响因素分析

目的 分析绝经后2型糖尿病患者骨代谢变化及其影响因素。方法 根据骨密度（bone mineral density, BMD）测定结果,将患者分成骨量正常组（N组）、骨量减少组（T组）及骨质疏松组（O组）,收集绝经后2型糖尿病患者临床资料,测定BMD及骨代谢指标,同时监测糖代谢、肝肾功能、激素水平等指标,对绝经后2型糖尿病BMD及骨代谢指标变化及其影响相关因素进行相关分析及回归分析。结果 O组年龄、绝经年限、BMI、Cr、ALP、E2、BGP、FSH、LH与N组差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）;T组年龄、绝经年限、BMI、Cr、E2、BGP、β-CTX与N组差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。Pearson相关分析发现,BMD与绝经年限、糖尿病病程、Cr、FSH、LH呈负相关（r为-0.550、-0.262、-0.343、-0.430、-0.497,P值均<0.05）,与BMI、E2呈正相关（r为0.211、0.258,P值均<0.05）,与FPG、HbA1c、Ca、ALP、ALT无相关性(P>0.05)。TRAP与年龄、绝经年限、E2、LH有相关性（r为0.235、0.167、-0.117、0.126,P值均<0.05）;β-CTX与年龄、糖尿病病程、绝经年限、E2、FSH有相关性（r为0.160、0.191、0.117、-0.229、0.196,P值均<0.05）,BALP与BMI、绝经年限、E2、FSH、LH有相关性,（r为-0.190、0.102、0.143、0.120、0.163,P值均<0.05）;BGP与年龄、BMI、绝经年限、Cr有相关性（r为0.157、-0.205、0.350,P值均<0.05）。结论 绝经后2型糖尿病患者BMD变化与年龄、绝经年限、激素水平、糖尿病病程、BMI、肾功能、遗传因素、生活习惯、营养运动等有关,但是,绝经年限和BMD下降速度相关性尚需进一步明确。     

抑郁状态对绝经后女性骨质疏松症影响的研究

目的 探讨抑郁状态对绝经后女性骨质疏松症的影响。方法 选取2012年3-8月浙江中医药大学附属第二医院就诊的绝经后女性200例。收集患者的年龄、绝经年限、体质指数（BMI）、日常活动强度、是否服用钙片,测定血清雌二醇（E2）、骨特异性碱性磷酸酶（BAP）水平。采用双能X线骨密度仪测定髋部骨密度（BMD）,采用汉密尔顿抑郁量表评估抑郁状态。结果 200例绝经后女性发生骨质疏松症90例（45.0%）。不同年龄及抑郁状态绝经后女性骨质疏松症发生率比较,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;不同绝经年限、BMI、活动强度及钙片服用情况绝经后女性骨质疏松症发生率比较,差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。多元Logistic回归模型结果显示,年龄和抑郁状态是绝经后女性骨质疏松症发生的危险因素,E2是其保护因素,而未发现绝经年限、BMI、活动强度、钙片服用情况、BAP对绝经后女性骨质疏松症的发生有影响。偏相关性分析控制年龄、绝经年限和BMI的影响,结果显示,抑郁状态与E2、BMD呈负相关（r值分别为-0.241和-0.440,P＜0.05）,与BAP无直线相关关系（r=0.024,P=0.821）。结论 抑郁状态可能是骨质疏松症发生的危险因素之一,在临床上对绝经后女性骨质疏松症的防治应注重患者的心理状况。     

定量CT分析绝经后女性2型糖尿病患者椎体骨密度与骨标志物的关系

目的:探讨定量CT(QCT)测量绝经后女性2型糖尿病(T2DM)患者椎体骨密度(BMD)与骨标志物的相关性。方法:回顾性分析207例绝经后女性T2DM患者的临床及生化指标,所有患者均测量骨标志物,采用QCT测量T12与L1椎体BMD,取平均值。另选取200例胸部CT扫描加骨密度测量绝经后女性体检者作为对照组。比较对照组与T2DM组各指标(年龄、绝经年限、空腹血糖、HbA1c及BMD)的差异及两组研究对象按不同骨量分组BMD的差异,比较T2DM组不同骨量组间年龄、绝经年限、病程、BMI、BMD及骨标志物指标的差异,分析T2DM组年龄、绝经年限及各骨标志物指标与BMD的相关性。结果:骨质疏松组中,T2DM组患者BMD小于对照组(P<0.05)。T2DM组中,骨量正常组和骨量减低组绝经年限、β-胶原特殊序列均小于骨质疏松组(P<0.05)。年龄、绝经年限、PTH、TPINP、β-胶原特殊序列、N端骨钙素与BMD均呈负相关(P<0.05)。结论:基于QCT测量椎体的BMD可以很好评估绝经后女性T2DM患者骨量情况,同时与骨标志物有一定相关性。     

绝经后女性血脂水平与骨密度的相关性研究

目的研究绝经后女性骨密度与血脂水平、体质量指数(BMI)及绝经年限的相关性。方法选择141例绝经后女性作为研究对象,均在骨密度实验室检测骨密度(BMD)水平(主要检测部位为腰椎L_1~4、股骨颈和髋关节,部分病人加做前臂),并根据检测结果(T值为标准)将研究对象分为3组,A组(骨质疏松者,T≤-2.5)、B组(骨量减少者,-2.5 < T < -1.0)和C组(正常骨量病人,T≥-1.0)。同时采集所有研究对象的空腹血,检测其总胆固醇(TC)、低密度脂蛋白(LDL)、三酰甘油(TG) 和高密度脂蛋白(HDL)水平。详细记录病人的身高、体质量、年龄、绝经年龄,计算BMI和绝经年限。结果3组腰椎BMD(LBMD)、股骨颈BMD、全髋关节BMD比较,C组>B组>A组(P < 0.05)。3组HDL、TG、TC水平比较,差异均有统计学意义(P < 0.05~P < 0.01),其中A组HDL水平高于C组(P < 0.05);A组和B组TG水平均低于C组(P < 0.01);C组TC水平低于A组(P < 0.05)。3组LDL水平差异无统计学意义(P < 0.05)。相关性分析显示,年龄和绝经年限与各部位BMD值呈负相关关系(P < 0.05~P < 0.01);身高、体质量及BMI与各部位的BMD呈正相关关系(P < 0.05~P < 0.01)。TG水平与LBMD、股骨颈BMD、全髋关节BMD呈正相关关系(P < 0.01);TC水平与LBMD呈负相关关系(P < 0.05~P < 0.01)。多因素logistic回归分析结果显示,高BMI、高TG者骨质疏松症(OP)发生风险较低,高龄、绝经年限长及高TC者OP发生风险较高。绘制ROC曲线分析TC预测绝经后女性发生OP的价值,计算出AUC为0.636(P < 0.05)。结论绝经后女性不同血脂与不同部位BMD的相关性不同,TC升高与LBMD下降有关,低BMI、高龄、绝经年限长及高TC的绝经后女性更易发生骨质疏松。     

绝经后2型糖尿病患者骨密度与腰椎骨髓脂肪的关系

目的： 探讨绝经后女性2 型糖尿病（T2DM）患者腰椎骨髓脂肪分数（FF）与骨密度（BMD）的相关性。 方法： 绝经后T2DM患者（T2DM组,年龄49～85岁, n=43）及正常健康对照组（年龄50～77岁, n=35）行双能X线吸收测量法及磁共振波谱扫描,获取腰椎BMD及L3椎体FF。检测受试者空腹血糖（FPG）、糖化血红蛋白（HbA1c）、胰岛素（FINS）及血脂指标,利用稳态模型计算胰岛素抵抗指数（HOMA-IR）。 结果： T2DM组腰椎BMD[（1.103±0.187）g/cm2]及FF（74.1%±16.7%）与正常对照组[BMD为（1.015±0.171）g/cm2,FF为63.3%±12.9%]比较明显升高。将绝经年数、BMI、FPG、HbA1c、HOMA-IR、血脂指标及BMD作为协变量加以校正,T2DM组FF仍较正常对照组高（ F=10.857, P=0.010）。偏相关分析校正上述影响因素,正常对照组FF与BMD仍存在负相关性（ r=-0.430, P=0.014）,而T2DM组FF与BMD存在正相关性（ r=0.385, P=0.029）。 结论：绝经后T2DM患者虽具有较高的BMD值,但其骨髓脂肪含量是增高的。     

前臂骨密度与骨代谢指标对绝经后女性类风湿性关节炎合并骨质疏松的诊断价值

目的：探讨前臂骨密度（BMD）与骨代谢指标对绝经后女性类风湿性关节炎（RA）合并骨质疏松（OP）的诊断价值。方法：采用双能X线吸收法（DXA）测定96例绝经后女性RA患者和25例绝经后健康女性对照者的前臂BMD、骨矿含量（BMC）,并收集、测定其年龄、BMI、红细胞沉降率、C反应蛋白、类风湿因子、I型原胶原N-端前肽（PINP）和血清I型胶原交联C-末端肽（β-CTX）水平等骨代谢指标,分析BMD与实验指标的相关性。结果：RA组前臂BMD及BMC较对照组低,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.01）;RA组骨代谢指标PINP为（79.01±44.72）μg/L,β-CTX为（0.51±0.35）μg/L;对照组PINP为（96.74±50.92）μg/L,β-CTX为（0.37±0.26）μg/L,2组比较差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;相关分析显示RA组β-CTX与BMD、BMC呈负相关（r=-0.259,P=0.011;r=-0.300,P=0.003）;年龄与BMD、BMC呈负相关（r=-0.706,P＜0.001;r=-0.743,P＜0.001）;DAS28与BMD、BMC呈负相关（r=-0.400,P＜0.001;r=-0.330,P=0.001）;PINP与BMD、BMC呈正相关（r=0.308,P=0.020;r=0.244,P=0.010）;logistic回归分析显示,年龄、β-CTX为发生OP的危险因素（OR=0.450,95%CI=0.606～0.921,P=0.006;OR=1.008,95%CI=1.002～1.016,P=0.031）;PINP为发生OP的保护性因素（OR=1.060,95%CI=1.005～1.118,P=0.003）。结论：绝经后女性RA患者较正常绝经后女性更易发生OP,骨代谢指标β-CTX可能为绝经后女性RA发生OP的独立危险因素。     

绝经后2型糖尿病患者骨密度与胰岛素抵抗和体质成分的关系

目的:观察绝经后2型糖尿病患者(T2DM)骨密度(BMD)的变化,及其与胰岛素抵抗和体质成分的关系。方法:以26例绝经后2型糖尿病女性患者为研究对象,26例年龄、绝经年限、体重指数(BMI)相匹配的绝经后健康女性为正常对照组。应用双能X线骨密度仪测定腰1-4(L1-4)各腰椎骨密度和全身体肌肉、脂肪组织含量,以稳态模型HOMA-IR指数评估胰岛素抵抗。结果:①绝经后T2DM患者L1部位BMD值高于对照组(P<0.05),胰岛素抵抗明显高于对照组(P<0.01)。②多元逐步回归分析显示:T2DM组L1、L2、L3各腰椎BMD均与胰岛素抵抗呈明显正相关(r=0.42,0.45,0.41;P均<0.05),L1部位BMD与肌肉含量正相关(r=0.44,P<0.05)。结论:绝经后2型糖尿病患者腰椎骨密度高于对照组;胰岛素抵抗、肌肉含量可能是T2DM患者BMD的保护因素。     

绝经后妇女绝经年限、绝经及初潮年龄与骨密度关系的研究

目的探讨安徽合肥地区绝经后妇女绝经年限、绝经及初潮年龄与骨密度关系。方法调查240例合肥市健康妇女的年龄、绝经年限、绝经年龄和初潮年龄、测量身高、体重、体重指数（BMI）,及正位腰椎（L2～L4）、股骨各部位（Neck,ward,GT）的骨密度（BMD）,并进行相关分析。结果绝经年限与各部位骨密度呈负相关（P〈0．01）,初潮年龄与L2、L3、L4、大转子的骨密度呈负相关（P〈0．01）,绝经年龄与L2、L3、L4的骨密度呈正相关（P〈0．01）。结论随着绝经年限增加,初潮年龄越大,绝经年龄越早,骨密度呈下降趋势。     

绝经后妇女2 060名月经初潮年龄等因素与骨密度的关系

目的 探讨绝经后妇女月经的初潮年龄、绝经年龄、绝经年限等因素与腰椎及股骨近端骨密度(BMD)的关系.方法 调查2 060名上海地区绝经后妇女的月经初潮年龄、绝经年龄、绝经年限,测量其身高、体重、L1～L4和股骨近端的BMD.结果 调整年龄、身高、体重后,初潮年龄、绝经年限与L1～L4(r=-0.0717、-0.123)、股骨颈(r=-0.035、-0.127)、全髋(r=-0.054、-0.127)、大转子(r=-0.067、-0.090)的BMD呈负相关(P值分别＜0.05、0.01),绝经年龄、行经时间与L1～L4(r=0.123、0.144)、股骨颈(r=0.126、0.129)、全髋(r=0.122、0.136)、大转子(r=0.089、0.112)的BMD呈正相关(P值分别＜0.05、0.01).初潮年龄≤14岁、初潮年龄＞14且＜18岁、初潮年龄≥18岁组间L1～L4、股骨颈、大转子和全髋的BMD的差异均有统计学意义(P值均＜0.05),随初潮年龄的增大各部位的BMD呈下降趋势;绝经年龄≥54岁组各部位的BMD显著高于绝经年龄＞45且＜54岁组(P值均＜0.05),后组又显著高于绝经年龄≤45岁组(P值均＜0.05).多元回归分析发现,体重及绝经年限分别可解释其变异的15.0%～28.3%及4.5%～24.6%,初潮年龄及行经时间对BMD变异的贡献较小,仅可分别解释腰椎及全髋BMD变异的0.4%及0.2%.结论 绝经后妇女月经初潮年龄越大、绝经年龄越早、绝经年限越长,BMD相对越低,体重和绝经年限对BMD变异的影响最大.本研究有助于建立筛选骨质疏松高危妇女的标准.     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.