老年高血压患者幸福感及其影响因素

目的探究老年高血压患者幸福感及其影响因素。方法选择该院150例老年高血压患者,采用自编问卷收集老年高血压患者的基本信息和资料,用纽芬兰纪念大学幸福度量表(MUNSH)、社会支持评定量表(SSRS)、焦虑自评量表(SAS)、抑郁自评量表(SDS)及匹兹堡睡眠质量指数问卷(PSQI)对患者进行问卷调查,分析老年高血压患者幸福感及其影响因素。结果老年高血压患者主观幸福感总分为(33.59±4.28)分,正性因子分为(23.64±4.62)分,负性因子分为(9.14±3.28)分。多元逐步回归分析发现,与家人关系、伴侣健康状况、主观支持与老年高血压患者主观幸福感呈正相关(B=5,13,7,23,5,37,均P<0.001),并发症种类多、PSQI总分、SAS标准分和SDS标准分与老年高血压患者主观幸福感呈负相关(β=-6.57,-2.27,-4.41,-5.90,均P<0.001)。结论老年高血压患者高血压患者主观幸福感以正性情感和体验为主,患者的主观幸福感受多方面因素影响。     

社区老年高血压患者焦虑、抑郁与社会支持的相关性研究

目的探讨社区老年高血压患者情绪状态与社会支持之间的相关性。方法采用自行设计的一般情况问卷、焦虑自评量表（SAS）、抑郁自评量表（SDS）、社会支持评定量表（SSRS）对老年高血压患者500例进行评定分析。结果社区老年高血压患者焦虑评分与社会支持总分、主观支持总分、客观支持总分及对支持的利用度呈负相关（P〈0.05或P〈0.01）; 社区老年高血压患者抑郁评分与社会支持总分、主观支持总分、客观支持总分及对支持的利用度呈负相关（P〈0.05或P〈0.01）。结论社区老年高血压患者的焦虑、抑郁和社会支持密切相关,提高社区老年高血压人群的社会支持可能有助于促进其身心健康。     

心理社会因素对老年人高血压疗效的影响

目的　探讨心理社会因素对老年人高血压疗效的影响。　方法　采用抑郁自评量表(SDS)、焦虑自评量表 (SAS)、社会支持评定量表、生活事件评定量表分别对老年高血压住院患者治疗达标组 14 8例、治疗未达标组 6 2例进行有关心理社会因素评估。　结果　 (1)治疗达标组的抑郁症和焦虑症的发生率 (7 4 %和 5 4 % )明显低于治疗未达标组 (32 2 %和 2 7 4 % ,P <0 0 5 ) ;抑郁自评分和焦虑自评分治疗达标组 (36 4± 6 7和 33 9± 7 8)也显著低于未达标组 (5 8 5± 11 6和 5 1 3±10 5 ,P <0 0 0 1)。 (2 )治疗达标组负性生活事件数 (4 7± 3 9)、负性生活刺激量 (12 4± 5 5 )、生活事件总刺激量 (2 1 6± 8 1)分别显著性低于治疗未达标组 (7 3± 4 1、2 1 5± 7 9、2 9 7± 9 5 ,P <0 0 0 1) ;治疗达标组社会支持总分 (38 3± 9 0 )、客观支持分 (12 4± 4 3)、主观支持分 (2 1 2± 7 3)、支持利用度 (9 7± 3 1)均明显高于治疗未达标组 (2 7 2± 8 7、7 8± 3 8、13 5± 6 5、4 8± 2 2 ,P <0 0 5 )。 (3)多因素logistic分析证实SDS评分、SAS评分、负性生活事件刺激量、生活事件总刺激量、社会支持总分、主观支持分及支持利用度等 7因素对降压是否能达标有显著性影响 (P <0 0 5 )。　结论     

社区老年高血压患者主观幸福感、自我效能与积极心理健康状况

目的调查社区老年高血压患者主观幸福感、自我效能及积极心理健康的现状,并探讨相关性。方法采用自己设计的问题调查表、纽芬兰纪念大学幸福度量表、自我效能量表、积极心理健康量表(MHC-SF)对100名社区老年高血压患者进行问卷调查。结果社区老年高血压患者主观幸福感总得分(35.48±6.53)分,自我效能总分(27.65±2.59)分,积极心理健康总分(3.2±1.0)分。主观幸福感及正性因子、自我效能及各纬度与积极心理健康呈正相关,负性因子与积极心理健康呈负相关,逐步回归分析发现,主观幸福感、正性因子、自我效能、健康行为能解释积极心理健康的30.16%。结论社区老年高血压患者主观幸福感处于中等水平,自我效能处于中等水平,积极心理健康状况良好。主观幸福感及自我效能越高的患者积极心理健康状况越好。因此,提高患者的积极心理健康状况,应注重其主观幸福感和自我效能水平的提高。     

基于“脑-肠轴”理论探讨老年慢性便秘患者睡眠障碍与焦虑抑郁和生活质量相关性

背景睡眠障碍可增加胃肠道症状发生率,而且长期睡眠质量的下降也是焦虑、抑郁形成的一个危险因素.本研究基于"脑-肠轴"理论探讨睡眠障碍是否加重老年慢性便秘患者的临床表现,是否影响患者心理情绪和生活质量.目的基于"脑-肠轴"理论探讨老年慢性便秘患者睡眠障碍与焦虑抑郁和生活质量相关性.方法选择2017-03/2019-09在我院住院治疗的126例老年慢性便秘患者为研究对象,对所有患者便秘评分系统,便秘患者症状自评问卷,睡眠质量评估,焦虑、抑郁量表及生活质量量表评分.结果睡眠障碍组便秘评分系统(constipatipation scoring system,CSS)评分为19.63分±3.36分,便秘患者症状自评问卷(patient assessment of constipation symptom,PAS-SYM)为1.59分±0.52分,焦虑自评量表(self-rating anxiety scale,SAS)评分为58.92分±6.72分,抑郁自评量表(self-rating depression scale, SDS)评分为57.74分±6.38分,均高于睡眠正常组(P <0.05).睡眠障碍组患者社会功能评分为71.56分±3.38分、情绪评分为75.89分±2.95分、躯体角色评分为76.86分±2.92分、躯体健康评分为80.25分±3.35分、心理卫生评分为78.36分±3.65分、总健康评分为76.19分±2.56分,均低于睡眠正常组,差异有统计学意义(P <0.05).CSS,PAC-SYM各维度评分以及总分均与SAS、SDS评分呈正相关(P <0.05);SF-36中6个维度的得分与SAS、SDS评分均呈负相关(P<0.05).结论脑-肠轴是沟通胃肠道与脑之间的桥梁,睡眠障碍和焦虑、抑郁可能是影响老年慢性便秘患者临床症状的重要因素,并影响患者生活质量.     

心理危机干预对老年冠心病患者炎性因子的影响

目的探讨心理危机干预对老年冠心病患者炎性因子水平的影响。方法选择老年冠心病患者270例,分别进行焦虑自评量表(SAS)及抑郁自评量表(SDS)调查,同时检测炎性因子水平,根据是否有焦虑、抑郁症状随即分为观察组180例和对照组90例。1年后重新对以上个体进行SAS和SDS评分及高敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)、TNFα、白细胞介素6(IL-6)水平检测。2组患者均进行常规冠心病治疗,同时对观察组额外进行心理危机干预。结果与对照组比较,观察组干预后SAS和SDS评分明显降低(P<0.05,P<0.01)。观察组焦虑、抑郁患者干预后SAS和SDS评分较干预前明显下降,观察组下降幅度较对照组更明显(P<0.01)。观察组干预后hs-CRP、TNF-α、IL-6水平较干预前明显下降(P<0.01),且观察组较对照组下降更明显(P<0.05)。结论心理危机干预可以减轻老年冠心病患者的焦虑、抑郁症状,降低炎性因子水平,但对无焦虑、抑郁患者影响较小。     

老年慢阻肺急性加重期患者睡眠障碍对焦虑抑郁状态和短期预后的影响

目的 调查老年慢性阻塞性肺疾病(慢阻肺)急性加重期患者睡眠障碍状况,分析睡眠障碍对焦虑抑郁状态和短期预后的影响,并探讨睡眠障碍的影响因素,为老年慢阻肺急性加重期患者睡眠障碍管理提供参考依据。方法 收集256例老年慢阻肺急性加重期患者作为观察对象,采用匹茨堡睡眠量表(PSQI)、疲乏程度量表(FSS)、焦虑自评量表(SAS)、抑郁自评量表(SDS)评估睡眠质量、疲乏程度、焦虑和抑郁状态。比较睡眠障碍组(n=142)和非睡眠障碍组(n=114)患者SAS评分、SDS评分和预后。采用Pearson或Spearman相关分析PSQI评分与SAS评分、SDS评分、预后的相关性。采用Logistic回归分析睡眠障碍的影响因素。结果 睡眠障碍组SAS评分、SDS评分及预后不良比例高于非睡眠障碍组(P均<0.05)。相关性分析显示,PSQI评分与SAS评分、SDS评分及预后不良呈正相关(r=0.550,0.465,0.408),(P均<0.05)。Logistic回归分析显示,经济条件、呼吸困难指数、疲乏、吸入药物治疗依从性、肺康复锻炼意愿、SAS评分和SDS评分均是老年慢阻肺急性加重期患...     

江西省吉安市社区老年居民焦虑抑郁现状及影响因素

目的探讨江西省吉安市社区老年居民焦虑抑郁现状及影响因素。方法江西省吉安市社区老年人2 258例,应用抑郁自评量表(SDS)、焦虑自评量表(SAS)评价老年人群的焦虑与抑郁现况,同时观察该地区老年人群焦虑抑郁的影响因素。结果 SDS评分50分2 077例(92.0)%,>50分181例(8.0%)。SAS评分<50分2 099例(93.0)%。SAS评分>50分159例(7.0%)。不同的婚姻状况、性别、文化程度、性格、职业、情绪调节能力、社会支持、与家人情况、医保情况、锻炼情况、休闲活动、月收入以及住房情况会影响江西省吉安市社区老年人群的SDS、SAS评分。性别、家庭类型、住房情况、职业、月收入、社会支持、情绪调节、与家人关系、休闲活动是影响江西省吉安市社区老年人群SDS评分的重要因素。性别、医保情况、情绪调节能力、社会支持、锻炼情况、与家人关系以及家庭类型是影响江西省吉安市社区老年人群SAS评分的重要因素。结论绝大部分的江西省吉安市社区老年人群存在焦虑抑郁的不良心理情绪,并受到性格、社会支持、职业、家庭类型等诸多因素的影响,我们可以从影响老年人群焦虑与抑郁情绪的因素出发,根据江西省吉安市社区的实际情况,进一步健全社区医疗保障体系、完善社会支持系统,从而改善本地区老年人群的焦虑抑郁状况。     

老年甲状腺功能亢进患者情绪障碍和生活质量调查

目的 对老年甲状腺功能亢进患者情绪障碍及生活质量进行调查,并分析影响其生活质量的因素。方法 选择2022年1月至2023年4月湖北文理学院附属医院襄阳市中心医院收治的134例老年甲状腺功能亢进患者。并对其进行甲状腺激素水平检测和问卷调查,包括基础资料、焦虑自评量表(SAS)、抑郁自评量表(SDS)及简明生活质量量表(SF-36)。采用SPSS 26.0软件进行数据分析。根据数据类型,组间比较分别采用t检验及方差分析。采用Pearson相关性分析患者情绪障碍与生活质量的相关性;采用多因素logistic回归分析老年甲状腺功能亢进患者生活质量的影响因素。结果 本次老年甲状腺功能亢进患者SAS得分为(52.97±4.33)分,SDS得分为(54.89±4.68)分,生活质量得分为(65.25±6.39)分。不同受教育程度、居住方式、家庭人均月收入、游离甲状腺素(FT4)和游离三碘甲状腺原氨酸(FT3)水平的老年甲状腺功能亢进患者生活质量得分比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。Pearson相关性分析显示,老年甲状腺功能亢进患者生活质量得分与SAS、SDS得分均呈负相关性(r=-0.403、-0.361;均P<0.05)。多因素logistic回归分析结果显示,受教育程度、家庭人均月收入、FT3和FT4水平以及SAS和SDS得分是老年甲状腺功能亢进患者生活质量的影响因素(P<0.05)。结论 老年甲状腺功能亢进患者容易发生情绪障碍,生活质量较低,而受教育程度、家庭人均月收入、FT3和FT4水平以及情绪障碍均是影响其生活质量的重要因素。     

睡眠障碍对老年慢性功能性便秘患者焦虑抑郁情绪和生活质量的影响分析

背景随着饮食结构的改变和生活方式的快速变化,慢性便秘发病率呈逐渐上升趋势.睡眠障碍可增加胃肠道症状,也是焦虑、抑郁形成的一个危险因素.本研究旨在探讨睡眠障碍对老年慢性功能性便秘患者焦虑抑郁情绪和生活质量的影响进行分析,以期为治疗老年慢性功能性便秘患者的新思路提供客观依据.目的旨在探讨睡眠障碍对老年慢性功能性便秘患者焦虑抑郁情绪和生活质量的影响分析.方法选择2017-03/2019-09在我院就诊的126例老年慢性功能性便秘患者为研究对象,根据是否有睡眠障碍分为睡眠障碍组和睡眠正常组.对所有患者进行便秘评分系统(constipatipation scoring system, CSS)、便秘患者症状自评问卷(patient assessment of constipation symptom,PAS-SYM)、睡眠质量评估、焦虑自评量表(self-rating anxiety scale, SAS)、抑郁自评量表(selfrating depression scale, SDS)及生活质量量表评分.结果睡眠障碍组CSS评分为19.63分±3.36分, PAS-SYM评分为1.59分±0.52分,SAS评分为58.92分±6.72分, SDS评分为57.74分±6.38分,均高于睡眠正常组(P 0.05).睡眠障碍组患者社会功能评分为71.56分±3.38分、情绪评分为75.89分±2.95分、躯体角色评分为76.86分±2.92分、躯体健康评分为80.25分±3.35分、心理卫生评分为78.36分±3.65分、总健康评分为76.19分±2.56分,均低于睡眠正常组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05). CSS、PAC-SYM各维度评分以及总分均与SAS、SDS评分呈正相关(P0.05);生活质量量表中6个维度的得分与SAS、SDS评分均呈负相关(P0.05).结论睡眠障碍和焦虑、抑郁可能是影响老年慢性功能性便秘患者临床症状的重要因素,并影响患者生活质量.     

胰岛素瘤的解剖分布特点分析

目的胰岛素瘤是最常见的胰腺神经内分泌肿瘤，因其临床表现多样，导致诊断困难。影像学诊断尤其是超声内镜(EUS)在胰岛素瘤的诊断中起着重要作用，拥有较高的敏感性和特异性。本研究拟通过明确胰岛素瘤的解剖分布特点，以期有助于提高影像学的诊断准确率和降低漏诊率，尤其是在教育和培训实践中对于EUS的学习者更具有指导价值。 方法回顾性分析解放军总医院第一医学中心病案资料数据库1993年1月至2019年11月经外科手术、病理确诊为胰岛素瘤的患者的临床资料，检索方法采取搜索术后病理诊断为"胰岛素瘤"的病例，通过查阅病例的方法，提取出胰岛素瘤的大小和解剖分布等数据，进一步分析其特点。 结果共检索到确诊为胰岛素瘤的患者116例，其中，男45例、女71例，年龄13～76岁，平均年龄(44.4±14.85)岁。胰岛素瘤单发110例(94.8%)、多发6例(5.2%)。位置分布：头颈部46例(39.7%)，单发45例、多发1例；体尾部68例(58.6%)，单发65例、多发3例；全胰腺多发2例(1.7%)。病变大小特点：最大径0.4～3.4 cm，平均大小(1.53±0.58)cm。≤1 cm 29例、>1 cm而≤1.5 cm41例、>1.5 cm而≤2.0 cm28例，≤3 cm 15例，>3 cm 3例。年龄与肿瘤的大小相关，≤44岁患者肿瘤平均大小为(1.36±0.51)cm、>44岁患者肿瘤平均大小为(1.70±0.60)cm，P<0.05。头颈部的肿瘤大于体尾部的肿瘤，头颈部肿瘤平均大小(1.66±0.63)cm，体尾部(1.42±0.52)cm，P<0.05。 结论胰岛素瘤在胰腺体尾部较头颈部更好发；绝大多数单发，但可以全胰腺多发；多数小于1.5 cm，肿瘤的大小与患者年龄和肿瘤的解剖分布相关。     

Pathogenesis of carcinoma of the papilla of Vater

Most adenomas and carcinomas of the small intestine and extrahepatic bile ducts arise in the region of the papilla of Vater. In familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) it is the main location for carcinomas after proctocolectomy. In many cases symptoms due to stenosis lead to diagnosis at an early tumor stage. In about 80%, curative intended resection is possible. Operability is the most relevant prognostic factor. Most ampullary carcinomas resp. carcinomas of the papilla of Vater develop from adenomatous or flat dysplastic precursor lesions. They can be sited in the ampulloduodenal part of the papilla of Vater, which is lined by intestinal mucosa. They also can develop in deeper parts of the ampulla, which are lined by pancreaticobiliary duct mucosa. Intestinal-type adenocarcinoma and pancreaticobiliary-type adenocarcinoma represent the main histological types of ampullary carcinoma. Furthermore, there exist unusual types and undifferentiated carcinomas. Many carcinomas of intestinal type express the immunohistochemical marker profile of intestinal mucosa (keratin 7?, keratin 20+, MUC2+). Carcinomas of pancreaticobiliary type usually show the immunohistochemical profile of pancreaticobiliary duct mucosa (keratin 7+, keratin 20?, MUC2?). Even poorly differentiated carcinomas, as well as unusual histological types, may conserve the marker profile of the mucosa they developed from. These findings underline the concept of histogenetically different carcinomas of the papilla of Vater which develop either from intestinal- or from pancreaticobiliary-type mucosa of the papilla of Vater. Molecular alterations in ampullary carcinomas are similar to those of colorectal as well as pancreatic carcinomas, although they appear at different frequencies. In future studies, molecular alterations in ampullary carcinomas should be correlated closely with the different histologic tumor types. Consequently, the histologic classification should reflect the histogenesis of ampullary tumors from the two different types of papillary mucosa.     

Demonstration of the mechanism of action of biguanides

Summary Palmitic acid oxidation in rat diaphragm homogenate is depressed by biguanide concentrations that are still incapable of inhibiting oxidative phosphorylation. Glucose oxidation is not directly effected by the same biguanide concentrations: however, the inhibitory effect of palmitic acid on glucose oxidation is partly removed by biguanides. Inhibition of fatty acid oxidation, which accounts for most of the metabolic effects caused by these drugs, can be regarded as the fundamental mechanism of action of biguanides. There is some evidence suggesting that these drugs might interact with carnitine, thus preventing long-chain fatty acids from being transported across the mitochondrial membrane to the site of oxidation. Traduzione a cura degli AA.     

Lack of correlation of degree of villous atrophy with severity of clinical presentation of coeliac disease

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Both the clinical presentation and the degree of mucosal damage in coeliac disease vary greatly. In view of conflicting information as to whether the mode of presentation correlates with the degree of villous atrophy, we reviewed a large cohort of patients with coeliac disease. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We correlated mode of presentation (classical, diarrhoea predominant or atypical/silent) with histology of duodenal biopsies and examined their trends over time. RESULTS: The cohort consisted of 499 adults, mean age 44.1 years, 68% females. The majority had silent coeliac disease (56%) and total villous atrophy (65%). There was no correlation of mode of presentation with the degree of villous atrophy (p=0.25). Sixty-eight percent of females and 58% of males had a severe villous atrophy (p=0.052). There was a significant trend over time for a greater proportion of patients presenting as atypical/silent coeliac disease and having partial villous atrophy, though the majority still had total villous atrophy. CONCLUSIONS: Among our patients the degree of villous atrophy in duodenal biopsies did not correlate with the mode of presentation, indicating that factors other than the degree of villous atrophy must account for diarrhoea in coeliac disease.     

血吸虫童虫生长发育及其机制的研究进展

血吸虫童虫是宿主免疫系统攻击的重要靶标,包括皮肤型、肺型和肝门型童虫。宿主分子对童虫生长发育具有重要作用。童虫生长发育机制包括免疫调节、信号转导、性别发育及凋亡等。肌动蛋白、组织蛋白酶、烯醇化酶和葡萄糖基转移酶等分子为血吸虫童虫生长发育的重要分子。本文对血吸虫童虫生长发育及其机制的研究进展做一综述。     

氯硝柳胺悬浮剂的毒性评价

目的评价氯硝柳胺悬浮剂的毒性，为现场大规模应用灭螺提供依据。方法按照中华人民共和国国家标准GB 15670-1995《农药登记毒理学试验方法》和鱼类毒性试验方法进行。结果经口、经皮肤的LDso雌、雄性大鼠均>5 000 mg/kg，经呼吸道的LCso雌、雄性大鼠均>5 000mg/m3，该药经口、经皮肤、经呼吸道毒性均属微毒类药物；兔眼用药后，观察期内无不良反应，对眼无刺激性；皮肤用药后对皮肤无刺激性。与氯硝柳胺原药、氯硝柳胺乙醇胺盐原药和氯硝柳胺乙醇胺盐可湿性粉剂相比，氯硝柳胺悬浮剂对鱼急性毒性最低。结论氯硝柳胺悬浮剂属微毒类药物，对鱼的毒性低于其乙醇胺盐可湿性粉剂，适合于现场应用。     

124例耐多药结核分枝杆菌基因突变特征分析

目的对临床分离的耐多药结核分枝杆菌相关基因的突变特征进行分析。方法对124例耐多药结核分枝杆菌以及50株敏感株的耐药相关基因(包括异烟肼inh A、kat G、oxyR-ahp C间隔区以及利福平rpo B)进行序列测定,分析其基因突变情况。结果异烟肼耐药inh A基因突变率为14.5%;kat G基因突变率为70.2%(87/124),主要位于315位;oxyR-ahp C间隔区突变率为15.3%;inh A、kat G两种基因同时突变率75.0%,三种基因同时突变率为89.5%。利福平rpo B基因突变的检出率高达95.2%,突变主要发生在531、526、516位点。结论我省耐多药菌异烟肼耐药相关基因最常见突变为kat G 315、inh A C-T(-15)、axyR-ahp C间隔区(-10)C-T,利福平为rpo B531、526、516。结合MDR-TB耐药相关基因的特征分析,可以建立一种快速、准确、特异的适合于我省的检测结核菌耐多药性的新方法。     

Assessment of quality of life of parents of children with juvenile chronic arthritis

The aim of the study was to assess the quality of life (QOL) and the psychological status of parents of children with juvenile chronic arthritis (JCA). The QOL, anxiety and depression of the parents of 28 children with JCA were evaluated and compared to those of the parents of 28 healthy children. Mothers of JCA children and mothers of healthy children reported similar QOL. The reported anxiety and depression levels were similar for mothers and fathers in both groups. The parents of children with pauciarticular-type JCA reported lower QOL and higher levels of anxiety and depression than the parents of children with other types, namely polyarticular and systemic JCA. These findings may be explained by the fact that the pauciarticular patients had shorter disease duration and were less frequently seen in the outpatient clinic. The QOL of mothers of children with JCA was found to be slightly impaired in the group of children with pauciarticular JCA. Future larger studies are needed to confirm these results, as the number of subjects in the three groups was rather low. Received: 26 September 2001 / Accepted: 8 February 2002     

Numerical Simulation of the Effect of Rate of Change of Glucose on Measurement Error of Continuous Glucose Monitors

Background

A 5-day in-patient study designed to assess the accuracy of the FreeStyle Navigator® Continuous Glucose Monitoring System revealed that the level of accuracy of the continuous sensor measurements was dependent on the rate of glucose change. When the absolute rate of change was less than 1 mg•dl⁻¹•min⁻¹ (75% of the time), the median absolute relative difference (ARD) was 8.5%, with 85% of all points falling within the A zone of the Clarke error grid. When the absolute rate of change was greater than 2 mg•dl⁻¹•min⁻¹ (8% of the time), the median ARD was 17.5%, with 59% of all points falling within the Clarke A zone.

Method

Numerical simulations were performed to investigate effects of the rate of change of glucose on sensor measurement error. This approach enabled physiologically relevant distributions of glucose values to be reordered to explore the effect of different glucose rate-of-change distributions on apparent sensor accuracy.

Results

The physiological lag between blood and interstitial fluid glucose levels is sufficient to account for the observed difference in sensor accuracy between periods of stable glucose and periods of rapidly changing glucose.

Conclusions

The role of physiological lag on the apparent decrease in sensor accuracy at high glucose rates of change has implications for clinical study design, regulatory review of continuous glucose sensors, and development of performance standards for this new technology. This work demonstrates the difficulty in comparing accuracy measures between different clinical studies and highlights the need for studies to include both relevant glucose distributions and relevant glucose rate-of-change distributions.     

Study of constancy of hydrogen-consuming flora of human colon

The constancy of the hydrogen consuming flora of the human colon was studied in 15 healthy subjects via two measurements obtained 18 to 36 months apart. Hydrogen disappearance rate and the major products of H₂-consuming bacteria, methane and sulfide, were measured during incubation of fecal homogenates with excess hydrogen and sulfate. In 11/15, the hydrogen consumption rate and the predominant hydrogen-consuming pathway (methanogenesis, sulfate reduction, or neither) remained constant. However, major shifts in these pathways were observed in four subjects, with two losing and two gaining the ability to produce methane. Methanogenesis was associated with the highest hydrogen consumption rate. This study demonstrates that clinically unrecognizable, major alterations of the colonic flora occur in healthy subjects. Understanding of the factors responsible for these alterations might allow for therapeutic manipulation of the colonic flora.Supported in part by the Department of Veterans Affairs and NIDDKD RO1 DK 13309-25.