阻塞性呼吸睡眠暂停低通气综合征与抑郁的相关性研究

目的探讨阻塞性呼吸睡眠暂停低通气综合征（OSAHS）与抑郁发生的关系。方法对80例打鼾患者根据多导睡眠监测结果分为单纯打鼾组20例（ss组），轻度、中度及重度OSAHS组各20例。入组患者均完善相关检查并行汉密尔顿抑郁量表（HAMD）评分。分析抑郁发生情况，睡眠呼吸参数及其与HAMD评分的关系。结果四组抑郁发生率及严重程度由低到高依次为SS组、OSAHS轻度组、OSAHS中度组及OSAHS重度组（P〈0．05）。各OSAHS组MMSE总分及焦虑躯体化评分、反应迟缓评分较ss组均不同程度升高（P〈0．05）。HAMD评分与AHI、氧减饱和度指数（ODI）、NREM1＋2期呈线性正相关（r〉0，P〈0．05），与夜间平均血氧及夜间最低血氧、NREM3＋4期呈线性负相关（r〈0，P〈0．05）。结论OSAHS程度越重，其抑郁的发生率越高、抑郁的程度越重。OSAHS患者突出的情绪障碍表现为焦虑和反应迟缓，且OSAHS程度越重，其表现越明显。HAMD评分与AHI、ODI、NREM1＋2期、NREM3＋4期、夜间平均血氧及夜间最低血氧、NREM3＋4期呈线性相关。     

阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合症与高血压关系的分析

目的：探索伴有高血压的阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征（OSAHS）的睡眠呼吸障碍特点。方法：诊断为OSAHS的85例患者中,随机被分为伴有高血压组（50例）和不伴有高血压组（对照组,35例）,对两组相关指标进行分析。结果：较之对照组．高血压组睡眠呼吸暂停低通气指数（AHI）显著升高（P〈0．01）;夜间平均脉搏氧饱和度（SpO2）和最低SpO2显著下降（P〈0．05）;快动跟睡眠期的阻塞性呼吸暂停指数（OAI）显著升高（P〈0．01）。方差检验揭示体重指数（BMI）是引起两组间AHI差异的显著因素（F=22．12,P〈0．01）。Logistic分析揭示OSAHS患者高血压的危险因素是AHI（β=6．828,OR=1．017,P〈0．01）、年龄（p=8．590,OR=1．048,P〈0．01）、BMI（β=4．467,OR=1．118,P〈0．05）。结论：伴有OSAHS的高血压患者的睡眠呼吸障碍程度更重,夜间低氧血症更严重。     

快动眼睡眠期参数与阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征合并高血压相关性研究

目的探讨快动眼睡眠期(REM)参数与阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征(OSAHS)合并高血压的关系。方法收集广州医科大学附属第一医院2015年5月至2016年5月经多导睡眠监测(PSG)确诊的成人OSAHS患者181例,根据是否合并高血压分为OSAHS组74例、OSAHS相关高血压组107例,比较两组患者一般人口学特征、既往病史、ESS嗜睡评分、体重指数(BMI)、颈围、腰围、睡前及晨起血压及PSG参数,并运用Binary Logistic回归分析筛选OSAHS相关性高血压的影响因素。结果两组患者间性别、吸烟病史、饮酒病史、颈围、ESS评分差异均无统计学意义(P0.05);OSAHS合并高血压组的年龄、体重指数(BMI)、腰围、平均收缩压、平均舒张压均高于OSAHS组(P0.05)。两组患者间总睡眠时间(TST)、睡眠效率、非快动眼睡眠期(NREM)时间、NREM占TST比例、REM睡眠时间、REM睡眠时间占TST比例差异均无统计学意义(P0.05);OSAHS相关高血压组呼吸暂停低通气指数(AHI)、REM-AHI、NREM-AHI均高于OSAHS组(P0.05);平均血氧饱和度(MSPO2)、REM-MSPO2、NREMMSPO2、SPO2低于90%时间占TST比例(T90%)、REM-T90%、NREM-T90%、最低血氧饱和度均低于OSAHS组(P0.05)。年龄、REM-T90%是OSAHS相关性高血压的危险因素,OR值分别为1.056(95%CI 1.025~1.088)、1.022(95%CI 1.009~1.034)。结论 OSAHS相关高血压患者的年龄、AHI及夜间血氧相关指数明显重于单纯OSAHS患者,其中REM-T90%是OSAHS相关性高血压的危险因素之一,是独立于NREM相关参数的。     

高血压合并阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征患者高敏C反应蛋白的研究

目的：研究高血压合并阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征（OSAHS）患者的高敏C反应蛋白（hs-CRP）水平及其意义。方法：287例男性高血压患者进行多导睡眠图监测,据睡眠呼吸暂停低通气指数（AHI）分为单纯高血压组（EH组,45例）,轻度OSAHS合并高血压组（轻度OSAHS组,76例）,中度OSAHS合并高血压组（中度OSAHS组,80例）,重度OSAHS合并高血压组（重度OSAHS组,86例）。测定各组患者血清hs-CRP浓度并进行比较。结果：（1）OSAHS轻度、中度、重度3组的AHI依次显著高于EH组,且各组两两比较均有显著差异（P〈0.05）;（2）与EH组比较,OSAHS 3组的hs-CRP水平显著高于EH组,重度组的hs-CRP水平显著高于轻度、中度组的[hs-CRP水平经对数转换后分别为：EH组为1.737,轻度OSAHS组为1.957,中度OS-AHS组为1.963,重度OSAHS组为2.179]（P均〈0.05）;（3）EH组,OSAHS轻度、中度、重度组的最低血氧饱和度依次下降,分别为（86.5±2.96）%,（82.64±3.16）%,（76.33±10.4）%,（68.2±10.65）%,组间两两比较,P均〈0.05;4、多元线性回归分析显示,AHI（B=0.006,P〈0.01）、体重指数（B=0.026,P=0.036）是影响高血压合并OSAHS患者血清hs-CRP水平的重要因素。结论：高血压合并重度阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征患者高敏C反应蛋白水平进一步升高,高敏C反应蛋白水平与阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征严重程度相关。     

阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征合并高血压患者不同血压分级与相关因素分析

目的 通过对阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征(obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome,OSAHS)合并高血压患者血压变化情况的研究,探讨OSAHS与高血压的相关关系.方法 选取确诊的OSAHS合并高血压患者95例及单纯OSAHS患者95例.所有患者完成至少7 h的多导睡眠监测,同时测量患者的睡前血压,睡着血压,醒后即刻血压,分析不同的高血压分级与OSAHS相关指标之间的相关性.结果 不同分级的高血压睡眠呼吸暂停指数(AHI)之间有较大的差异.AHI与醒时即刻-睡着收缩压(SBP)差值,睡着睡前舒张压(DBP)差值无相关性(P>0.05),与睡着-睡前SBP差值及醒时即刻睡着DBP差值有相关性(P<0.05);夜间平均血氧饱和度、夜间最低血氧饱和度、睡前与睡着DBP差值、醒时即刻与睡着DBP差值与血压分级存在相关性(P<0.05),而醒时即刻与睡着SBP差值、睡前与睡着SBP差值、AHI、体质量指数、CT90与血压分级不存在相关性(P>0.05).结论 睡着-睡前DBP及醒时即刻-睡着血压的变化、夜间平均血氧饱和度、夜间最低血氧饱和度与OSAHS患者的血压分级相关(P<0.05).     

无创正压通气对中重度OSAHS患者血清促红细胞生成素水平的影响

目的 观察中重度阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征（OSAHS）患者应用无创正压通气（NPPV）治疗后血清促红细胞生成素（EPO）水平变化.方法 选择38例中重度OSAHS患者（OSAHS组）及50例健康查体者（对照组）,OSAHS组行NPPV治疗1个月;检测对照组及OSAHS组治疗前后血清EPO、血常规,监测睡眠呼吸暂停低通气指数（AHI）、夜间平均最低血氧饱和度（LSaO2）.结果 OSAHS组治疗后血清EPO及红细胞计数（RBC）、血红蛋白（Hb）、红细胞比积（HCT）、平均红细胞蛋白含量（MCH）、平均红细胞体积（MCV）、AHI较治疗前降低（P均＜0.05）,而LSaO2升高（P＜0.05）;治疗后AHI、LSaO2与对照组比较,P均＜0.05;其余指标与对照组比较,P均＞0.05.OSAHS组血清EPO与Hb、RBC呈正相关（rs=0.971、0.628,P均＜0.01）,AHI与血清EPO呈正相关（rs=0.835,P＜0.01）,夜间LSaO2与血清EPO呈负相关（rs=-0.629,P＜0.01）.结论 NPPV治疗可明显降低中重度OSAHS患者血清EPO水平,从而改善AHI、LSaO2、血液黏稠度.     

阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征与高血压的相关性及影响因素分析

目的 通过分析阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征（OSAHS）各参数与高血压的相关性,探讨OSAHS导致并发高血压的危险因素.方法 将244例OSAHS患者分为4组：单纯OSAHS组、轻度OSAHS合并高血压组、中度OSAHS合并高血压组、重度OSAHS合并高血压组.比较4组患者的一般临床资料、多导睡眠监测（PSG）参数、睡前及醒后收缩压及舒张压,Logistic回归分析各因素与高血压发病的相关性.结果 （1）在合并高血压的3组患者中,随着OSAHS的加重,患者BMI、氧减指数（ODI）、90％以下氧减饱和度指数（Ts90％）、微觉醒指数（AI）逐渐增加（P＜0.05）,最低氧饱和度（LSaO2）、非快速动眼睡眠3期时间占总睡眠时间百分比（N3％）逐渐降低（P＜0.05）;（2）4组患者醒后舒张压显著高于睡前,重度OSAHS合并高血压患者醒后收缩压和舒张压显著高于轻度和中度OSAHS合并高血压者（P＜0.05）;中度OSAHS合并高血压组醒后收缩压及舒张压均显著高于轻度OSAHS合并高血压组（P＜0.05）.（3）Logistic回归分析显示,OSAHS患者各指标与高血压相关性依次为Ts90％、LSaO2、ODI、睡眠呼吸暂停低通气指数（AHI）、BMI、AI（P＜0.05）.结论 随着OSAHS的加重,合并高血压的患者醒后收缩压及舒张压升高越明显.Ts90％、ODI、LSaO2、AHI、BMI、AI是高血压的独立危险因素,在高血压的发病中可能起着重要作用.     

海捷亚对阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征合并高血压患者降压疗效和睡眠呼吸的影响

目的 观察氯沙坦钾／氢氯噻嗪（海捷亚）对阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征（OSAHS）合并高血压患者的降压疗效和睡眠呼吸的影响。方法 选择12例OSAHS合并高血压患者，在停服各种降压药物及血管活性药物2w后服用海捷亚，治疗前及治疗后8w分别监测24h动态血压及多导睡眠图。结果 海捷亚可降低OSAHS合并高血压患者24h平均收缩压（SBP）与舒张压（DBP）、白天及夜间平均SBP与DBP（均P〈0.01），降低睡眠呼吸暂停低通气指数（apnea hypopnea index，AHI）及氧减指数（均P〈0．05）。结论 海捷亚可有效降低OSAHS合并高血压患者白天及夜间血压，并可减少睡眠呼吸暂停。     

阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征患者血液流变学观察

目的 观察阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征（OSAHS）患者的血液流变学情况.方法 选择OSAHS患者65例（OSAHS组）和健康查体者50例（对照组）,行睡眠监测测定睡眠呼吸暂停低通气指数（AHI）、夜间最低SaO2,采用血流变仪检测血液流变学指标.结果 与OSAHS组轻中度患者和对照组比较,OSAHS组重度（病程≥3a）患者全血黏度、血浆黏度、全血还原黏度、红细胞压积均升高,夜间最低SaO2降低,P均＜0.05;而OSAHS组轻中度患者和对照组比较,P均＞0.05.AHI与血流变水平呈正相关（rs=0.384,P＜0.05）,夜间最低SaO2与血流变水平呈负相关（rs=-0.282,P＜0.05）.结论 AHI、夜间最低SaO2和病程对OSAHS患者血液流变学指标均有明显影响,观察血液流变学指标对OSAHS患者的病情发展和疗效观察具有一定价值.     

血清CRP、NT-proBNP与高血压合并阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征患者血压变异性

目的:探讨C反应蛋白(CRP)、氨基末端脑钠肽前体(NT-proBNP)水平与高血压合并阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征(OSAHS)的关系。方法:分析我院心内科和呼吸科住院治疗的187例高血压患者。患者经多道睡眠呼吸监测确诊OSAHS,分为单纯高血压组(AHI值5次/h)、高血压合并轻度OSAHS组(AHI值:5~20次/h)、高血压合并中重度OSAHS组(中重度:AHI值≥21次/h),入院检测治疗前后血清CRP、NT-proBNP浓度及动态血压(24h平均血压、白天平均血压、夜间平均血压),多导睡眠呼吸监测睡眠呼吸参数暂停低通气指数(AHI)和最低血氧饱和度(SaO2)。治疗3个月后复查上述指标。结果:高血压合并OSAHS血清CRP、NT-proBNP浓度均高于单纯高血压组,并随OSAHS严重程度增加,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。单纯高血压组、高血压合并轻度和高血压合并中重度OSAHS组血压呈非杓型分别占29.6%、52.4%和80.9%。相关分析表明血清CRP、NT-proBNP浓度与AHI呈正相关,与最低SaO2、血压夜间下降率呈负相关。多元回归分析显示CRP、NT-proBNP浓度下降主要与AHI有关,其次是收缩压下降率。结论:高血压合并OSAHS组患者的血清CRP、NT-proBNP水平高于单纯血压组。OSAHS严重性与CRP、NT-proBNP水平有关。高血压合并OSAHS患者血压昼夜节律发生改变与CRP、NT-proBNP水平有关。     

A patient with rectal ulcer with severe stenosis presenting with perforated peritonitis

We report a patient with rectal ulcer with severe stenosis, who underwent urgent surgical treatment for perforated peritonitis. The 54-year-old man suddenly developed cramping abdominal pain and fever while hospitalized, with signs of peritoneal irritation. An emergency laparotomy was performed, and severe stenosis of the rectum and a perforated lesion on the oral side approximately 10 cm distant from the stenosis were found, with massive abdominal purulent fluid. He was treated by rectosigmoid colon resection with transverse colon loop colostomy. Histopathologically, the stenosis was caused by ulceration extending to all muscular layers of the rectum, with inflammatory changes. Benign rectal stenosis is so rare that differential diagnosis from malignancy may be difficult when there are inflammatory changes in the surrounding tissues. However, it is necessary to keep in mind the likelihood of this disease in differentiation from rectal cancer. Received: December 21, 1998 / Accepted: May 28, 1999     

Evaluation of atrial vulnerability with transoesophageal stimulation in patients with atrioventricular junctional: Comparison with patients with ventricular pre-excitation and with normal subjects

The aim of our work was to evaluate the inducibility of atrialfibrillation in a group of patients with atrioventricular junctionalreentrant tachycardia and to compare it with that of patientswith a Kent-type ventricular pre-excitation (Wolff-Parkinson-Whitesyndrome) and a control group. One hundred and twenty-five subjects were separated into groups.Group 1 comprised 49 Wolff-Parkinson-White patients, with amean age of 26.4, range 10.66 years; group 2, 51 patients withatrioventricular junctional reentrant tachycardia inducibleby transoesophageal atrial stimulation andlor clinically documented,with a mean age of 43.4, range 16–78 years; group 3, 25control subjects with a mean age of2.64, range 13–76 years. Each subject underwent atrial transoesophageal stimulation withthe following protocol: programmed atrial stimulation with 1and 2 stimuli during atrial pacing of 100. min^–1 and 150.min^–1; atrial stimulation for 10 s at a rate of 200–300–400–500–600.min^–1 with intervals of 10 s between stimulations, fivesuccessive ‘ramp-up’ atrial stimulations for 9 swith the rate increasing from 100 to 800. min^–1 with intervalsof 10 s between stimulations. The end point was the completionof the protocol or induction of sustained atrial fibrillation(>1 min). The chi-square test was used for statistical analysis. Our resultsshowed that in group 1 atrial fibrillation was induced in 27149patients (55.1%); this was sustained in 13149 (26.5%) and non-sustainedin 14149 (28.5%); in group 2, atrial fibrillation was inducedin 22151 patients (43.0%); it was sustained in 7151 (13.7%)and non-sustained in 15151 (29.4%); in group 3, sustained atrialfibrillation was not induced in any subject and in only onesubject was a non-sustained atrial fibrillation (4 s) induced. The chi-square test showed that group 2 vs group 1 were non-significant,while group 2 vs group 3 and group 1 vs group 3 were significant(P<0.003 and P<0.0007, respectively). Therefore group 2 patients showed a greater atrial vulnerabilityin comparison to the control subjects and a similar vulnerabilityto group 1 patients. It is possible that the greater atrialvulnerability in the patients of group 2 was due to the doublenodal pathway.     

肿瘤病人弓形虫感染分析

在肿瘤的发生和发展进程中 ,多伴有免疫功能低下或缺陷 ,从而极易遭受各种感染。弓形虫是机会感染因子 ,当患者免疫功能受损时 ,易于感染 ,还会使隐性感染激活 ,引起低热不退、淋巴结肿和脑神经系统的反应 ,此现象尚未引起临床医师的重视。近年来 ,我们对 4 0 9例肿瘤病人进行了弓形虫感染及弓形虫病的分析观察 ,报告如下 :1　材料与方法1 1　材料　 30 4例病人血清取自江西省肿瘤医院住院或门诊病人 ,随机抽样后低温保存待检 ,10 5例取自其他医院送检样品 ,有急性症状者随到随检 ,以便及时做病原学检测。1 2　弓形虫病诊断方法1 2 1　免疫…     

Infection with Rhodococcus equi in a patient with sarcoidosis treated with corticosteroids

A 51-year-old female farmer was diagnosed as having sarcoidosis. During 4 years of observation, slow radiological progression was observed. Cough then developed, necessitating treatment with corticosteroids. After 28 months of continuous treatment with prednisolone in low doses (5-7.5 mg daily), she suffered fever episodes, recurrent haemoptyses, general malaise and loss of weight. A chest roentgenogram showed a left upper lobe infiltrate, which progressed and finally cavitated, and rib destruction. Despite efforts, including a thoracotomy, 22 months passed before a diagnosis could be made. Blood and sputum cultures and cultures from the destroyed rib showed growth of Rhodococcus equi, a common soil organism which can cause infections in foals and other animals. Treatment with rifampicin and erythromycin was successful. R. equi has been reported to cause infection in patients with neoplastic disease and/or immunosuppression, but the disease might be more common than is suggested by the sparse case reports in the literature, owing to lack of familiarity with the organism, which will tend to be overlooked as a contaminant.     

Treating patients with lupus with B-cell depletion

A new era in the treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus has dawned with the increasing introduction of monoclonal antibodies and other approaches, that target the key molecules involved in the pathogenesis of the disease. At present the ability to block the CD20 molecule on those B cells that carry this marker has proved the most effective way to treat patients resistant to conventional immunosuppressive drugs. However, these studies have all been open label and the results of double blind controlled studies are eagerly awaited.