B型钠尿肽与心功能不全严重程度及近期愈后的关系探讨

目的:探讨B型钠尿肽与心功能不全严重程度的关系以及对近期愈后的评估价值。方法:免疫荧光法测定的52例心功能不全患者住院次日的血B型钠尿肽浓度,并对20例NYHAⅢ~Ⅳ级的患者于住院治疗5~12天重复测定,超声心动图测定不同心功能患者的心脏结构和功能,分析血液B型尿钠肽浓度与超声指标及心功能分级的关系,探讨B型脑钠肽在评价心力衰竭患者治疗效果和近期愈后中的价值。结果:血BNP浓度在心功能不全患者各组间两两比较均有显著性差异,随着心力衰竭严重程度加重,血液BNP浓度增加。血BNP浓度与左室舒张末期内径、呈显著正相关(r=0.706,P<0.001),与左室射血分数和左室短轴缩短率均呈负相关(r=-0.712和r=-0.685,均P=0.001)。其中好转出院的17例NYHA心功能Ⅲ~Ⅳ级的患者治疗后BNP平均浓度显著低于治疗前水平(539.19±219.57 pg/ml和1 072.35±352.17 pg/ml,P<0.001),而另外3例死亡患者血BNP较入院前显著升高(4 694.11±1 642.45和2 014.19±566.12,P<0.001)。结论:B型脑钠肽浓度与心功能不全严重程度密切相关,并且是评价治疗效果和近期愈后的重要指标。     

贝那普利对充血性心力衰竭患者血浆脑钠素水平的影响

目的探讨充血性心力衰竭(CHF)患者血浆脑钠素(BNP)水平的变化及贝那普利的干预作用。方法108例CHF患者给予贝那普利2.5mg/d,1周后增加至5～20mg/d,疗程4周,检测用药前后血浆BNP含量的变化。同时选择20例健康体检者为对照组。结果CHF患者血浆BNP水平(462±318)pg/ml较对照组(22±8)pg/ml明显增高(P<0.01),CHF组BNP水平升高与心力衰竭程度呈正相关(r=0.762,P<0.01)。贝那普利治疗后血浆BNP水平明显降低,与治疗前比较差异有非常显著意义(P<0.01)。不同心功能患者血浆BNP水平差异亦有显著意义,依次为IV级>III级>II级(P<0.01)。而不同病因CHF患者血浆BNP水平之间差异无显著意义(P>0.05)。结论心力衰竭时血浆BNP水平明显增高,而贝那普利具有改善心脏功能的作用。     

培哚普利对充血性心力衰竭患者血浆脑钠素水平的影响

目的:探讨充血性心力衰竭(CHF)患者血浆脑钠素(BNP)水平的变化及培哚普利的干预作用。方法:78例CHF患者给予培哚普利2mg/d,1周后增加至4 mg/d,疗程4周,观测用药前后血浆BNP含量的变化。同时选择20例健康体检者为对照组。结果:CHF患者血浆BNP水平(458±218)pg/ml较对照组(21±7)pg/ml明显增高(P<0.01),CHF组BNP水平升高与心力衰竭程度呈正相关(r=0.762,P<0.01)。培哚普利治疗后血浆BNP水平明显降低,与治疗前比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。不同心功能患者血浆BNP水平差异亦有区别,依次为IV级>III级>II级(P<0.01)。结论:心力衰竭时血浆BNP水平明显增高,而培哚普利具有改善心脏功能的作用。     

脑钠素对心源性呼吸困难的诊断价值

目的 探讨血浆脑钠素(BNP)水平对心源性呼吸困难的诊断价值.方法 采用特异性放射免疫法测定慢性心力衰竭(CHF)引起的呼吸困难患者(n=52)和非CHF引起呼吸困难患者(n=30),以及健康志愿者(正常对照组,n=28)血浆BNP浓度,并进行组间比较.结果 CHF组BNP浓度均显著高于非CHF组及正常对照组[(649.80±141.72)pg/mL比(59.08±18.60)pg/mL和(65.20±16.32)pg/mL,P＜0.05],而非CHF组与正常对照组BNP浓度无显著差异,不同NYHA心功能分级患者的血浆BNP浓度随心功能级别增加而显著增高,CHF患者血浆BNP浓度与左室射血分数(LEVF)水平呈显著负相关(r=-0.673,P＜0.001).受试者工作特征曲线(ROC曲线)下面积为0.91(0.88～0.98,P＜0.001),最佳界值(206 pg/mL)时的敏感性、特异性、阳性预测值和阴性预测值分别为87.2%,86.8%,84.2%和91.8%.结论 血浆BNP是诊断心源性呼吸困难的一项很有价值的指标.     

美托洛尔对慢性心力衰竭患者脑钠肽水平及心功能的影响

目的探讨美托洛尔对慢性心力衰竭(CHF)患者脑钠肽(BNP)水平和心功能的影响。方法已接受常规治疗,纽约心脏病协会(NYHA)心功能Ⅱ~Ⅲ级的CHF患者90例,随机分为两组:治疗组(50例),对照组(40例)。治疗组在常规治疗基础上加用美托洛尔,从小剂量(6.25mg,bid)逐渐加至靶剂量(50mg,bid),治疗6个月。对比分析治疗前后两组患者的血浆BNP水平、NYHA分级、心率、血压、超声心动图等指标。结果治疗组较对照组左室舒张末期内径(63±7mmvs59±5mm)、左室收缩末期内径(53±8vs47±4mm)和左室质量指数(160±24vs135±18g/m2)显著下降(均P<0.05),左室射血分数(LVEF)显著升高(38%±11%vs47%±9%)(P<0.05),血浆BNP(121±54vs70±9ng/L)显著降低(P<0.05);另外,美托洛尔治疗前后患者血浆BNP降低值与左室舒张末期内径(r=0.80),左室收缩末期内径(r=0.79)和左室质量指数(r=0.71)减少呈正相关(均P<0.01),而与LVEF的增加负相关(r=-0.86,P<0.01)。结论美托洛尔能抑制CHF患者神经内分泌的过度激活,阻断CHF的发展进程,改善心功能,血浆BNP可作为评价β受体阻滞剂治疗CHF疗效的监测指标之一。     

不同病情严重程度CHF患者血浆D-二聚体、BNP变化及相关性研究

目的 探讨不同病情严重程度慢性心力衰竭(CHF)患者血浆D-二聚体、脑钠肽(BNP)变化及相关性.方法 选取收治的CHF患者100例(CHF组),根据美国纽约心脏病协会(NYHA)心功能分级标准将患者分为Ⅰ~Ⅱ级组(46例)与Ⅲ~Ⅳ级组(54例),选取同期门诊行健康体检的正常中老年人100例为对照组,检测血浆D-二聚体及BNP水平.结果 CHF组患者血浆D-二聚体、BNP分别为(1.29±0.70)μg/mL、(534.29±143.58)pg/mL,明显高于对照组(0.14±0.05)μg/mL、(42.88±16.90)pg/mL,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);CHF组心功能Ⅲ~Ⅳ级患者血浆D-二聚体、BNP分别为(1.89±0.17)μg/mL、(749.63±268.96)pg/mL,明显高于Ⅰ~Ⅱ级(0.78±0.08)μg/mL、(318.57±145.61)pg/mL,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);CHF患者随着心功能分级增加血浆D-二聚体、BNP水平随之增高,之间有正相关性(P<0.05),血浆D-二聚体与BNP之间存在正相关性(P<0.05).结论 血浆D-二聚体、BNP与CHF患者病情严重程度密切相关,随着患者病情加重D-二聚体及BNP水平明显升高.     

慢性心力衰竭患者红细胞分布宽度与左室质量指数的相关性研究

目的探讨慢性心力衰竭(CHF)患者血浆红细胞分布宽度(RDW)水平与NYHA心功能分级以及左室质量指数(LVMI)之间的关系,评价其在CHF患者病情严重程度及预后中的价值。方法 100例男性CHF患者作为研究组,男性健康体检者100例作为健康对照组。静息空腹状态下采取肘静脉血5 ml,采用酶联免疫方法测定BNP水平,应用全自动血细胞分析仪器测定RDW;根据公式计算LVMI。结果 (1)CHF患者血浆RDW水平明显高于健康对照组[(14.92±1.78)%vs(12.56±0.84)%,P<0.05],血浆BNP、LVMI亦明显高于对照组(P<0.05)。(2)随着NYHA心功能分级的增高,血浆RDW亦呈升高趋势,Ⅱ～Ⅳ级分别为(13.96±0.93)%、(14.91±1.37)%和(15.62±2.41)%;不同级别间比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);同时BNP水平随着心功能分级的升高而增加(P<0.05)。(3)不同病因所致CHF各亚组间血浆RDW水平无明显差异(P>0.05)。(4)以RDW均数14.93%为界,CHF组高RDW亚组1年内心血管事件发生率及病死率明显高于低RDW亚组(42.6%vs 17.4%和31.3%vs10.9%,P<0.01)。(5)Spearman等级相关分析显示,血浆BNP、LVMI、RDW水平分别与心功能分级呈显著正相关(rs=0.922,P<0.01;rs=0.834,P<0.01;rs=0.935,P<0.01)。单因素相关分析:CHF组患者血浆RDW水平分别与LVMI、BNP呈正相关(r=0.269,P<0.05;r=0.528,P<0.01)。结论 CHF患者血浆RDW水平明显升高;血浆RDW水平与心力衰竭严重程度相关。提示RDW水平可作为CHF患者评价心力衰竭进程及预后的重要指标。     

老年心力衰竭患者脑钠肽与左室功能的相关性

目的探讨老年心力衰竭(HF)患者血清中脑钠肽(BNP)水平与左室功能的相关性。方法测定74例HF患者及20例健康体检者(健康对照组)血浆BNP的水平,超声心动图测定左室射血分数(LVEF)和左室舒张末期内径(LVEDD),用统计学软件进行分析。结果HF患者BNP水平明显高于健康对照组,并随心功能分级的加重而显著增加:健康对照组、心功能Ⅱ级、心功能Ⅲ级、心功能Ⅳ级的BNP水平分别为(34±30)、(301±102)、(643±310)、(1002±430)ng/L,HF患者BNP水平与LVEDD呈正相关(r=0.560,P<0.01),与LVEF呈负相关(r=-0.651,P<0.01)。结论BNP可作为诊断心力衰竭的一个指标。     

急性呼吸困难患者检测脑钠肽的临床研究

目的探讨血浆脑钠肽(BNP)浓度的检测对急性呼吸困难患者的临床意义。方法2004年3月￣2006年6月有急性呼吸困难患者80例。左心衰竭组41例,非心源性急性呼吸困难组26例,其中肺源性急性呼吸困难35例。另统计合并肺源性心脏病的慢性肺源性急性呼吸困难13例。均经干式快速免疫荧光法定量分析检测BNP。结果①血浆BNP水平在左心衰竭组及非心源性急性呼吸困难组分别为(1285.3±1516.3)pg/ml、(103.8±146.5)pg/ml,(P<0.01)。②左心衰患者心功能Ⅳ级、Ⅲ级、Ⅱ级组血浆BNP水平分别是(1907.4±1406.2)pg/ml,(625.4±494.8)pg/ml,(107.9±108.0)pg/ml,两两相比均P<0.01。③肺源性急性呼吸困难患者合并肺源性心脏病与不合并肺源性心脏病组血浆BNP浓度分别为(420.4±717.1)pg/ml,(79.8±87.4)pg/ml。④心源性急性呼吸困难组与合并肺源性心脏病的肺源性急性呼吸困难组比较,P>0.05。结论急性呼吸困难患者测定血浆BNP对鉴别左心衰竭与非心源性急性呼吸困难有重要价值。血浆BNP水平随NYHA心功能分级程度的加重显著增高。血浆BNP浓度可作为一项慢性肺源性急性呼吸困难是否合并肺源性心脏病早期诊断的指标。     

血浆脑钠肽对老年慢性心力衰竭的诊断价值及预后评估

目的探讨血浆脑钠肽(BNP)水平对老年慢性心力衰竭(CHF)的诊断价值及预后评估。方法依据美国弗明汉心脏病研究中心Framingham危险评分诊断48例心力衰竭患者,按美国纽约心脏病学会心功能分级(NY-HA)、左室射血分数(LVEF)分组,采用免疫荧光法检测血浆BNP水平。结果 BNP>400 pg/ml可作为诊断CHF的界值,BNP水平随着NYHA分级增高而升高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论 BNP水平可作为临床诊断CHF的指标并可评估患者预后。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.