莪术醇对照品中相关物质的高效液相色谱-电喷雾电离-质谱分析

目的:对莪术醇对照品中的主要相关物质进行分析.方法:采用高效液相色谱-电喷雾-质谱法(HPLC-ESI-MS法).液相色谱条件,色谱柱为Kromasil C18柱,流动相为乙腈-甲醇-水-磷酸(550:225:225:1),流速为1 mL/min.质谱条件,ZMD micromass电喷雾质谱仪,离子源为ESI,检出模式为正离子方式检测,电离电压为3.0 kV,电喷雾接口干燥气(N2)流速为318 L/h,离子源温度为150℃.结果:得到了样品总离子流以及选样离子流的相应色谱峰的ESI-MS质谱图,鉴定出莪术醇对照品中的主要相关物质为莪术酮.结论:HPLC-ESI-MS法为莪术醇对照品的进一步纯化提供了科学依据.     

,四川理工学院材料与化学工程系 四川自贡643000,四川自贡643000,四川自贡643000,

?43000,四川自贡643000分析检测;;高效液相色谱;;电喷雾电离质谱;;氨基甲酸甲酯;;白酒建立了高效液相色谱-电喷雾质谱测定白酒中氨基甲酸甲酯农药残留的检测方法。酒样用旋转蒸发器在50℃水浴上浓缩,以乙腈-0.1%乙酸为梯度流动相,Eclipse XDB-C18(150mm×4.6mm,5μm)柱高效液相色谱分离。电喷雾正离     

石菖蒲中生物碱成分的分离与鉴定

目的:分离并鉴定石菖蒲的生物碱成分,为进一步研究其药理活性奠定基础。方法:利用阳离子交换树脂分离石菖蒲的生物碱成分;采用超高效液相色谱串联质谱(UPLC-MS)法进行鉴定,色谱柱为Agilent Zorbax Eclipse Plus-C18,流动相为0.1%甲酸水溶液-乙腈(梯度洗脱),流速为0.3 mL/min,柱温为30℃,进样量为1μL;离子源为电喷雾离子源,采用正离子模式检测,并结合Peakview 1.2等软件对生物碱成分进行分析。结果:石菖蒲中共检测到86个成分,并鉴定出5个生物碱成分,分别为菖蒲碱甲、N-反式阿魏酰酪胺、N-月桂基二乙醇胺、4-羟双氢鞘氨醇和5-丁基尿苷。结论:该试验结果可为石菖蒲生物碱成分的药理活性研究奠定基础。     

UPLC-MS/MS法检测复方芦丁片中芦丁的含量

目的建立超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法(UPLC-MS/MS)测定复方芦丁片中芦丁含量的方法。方法采用液相色谱串联质谱(LC-MS/MS)法。色谱柱为ACQUITY UPLC RBEH C 18色谱柱(2.1×100mm,1.7μm),流动相为甲醇-水溶液(42∶58),电喷雾离子化(ESI)正离子模式下选择质荷比(m/z)为301离子进行检测。结果所建方法能快速检测芦丁,在2.5~40.7ng·mL^-1浓度范围内线性关系良好(r=0.9995),平均加样回收率为99.5%,方法定量限为0.5ng·mL^-1,方法重复性和精密度良好。结论该方法专属性强,快速灵敏,适用于复方芦丁片中芦丁的含量测定。     

超高效液相色谱-电喷雾飞行时间质谱联用法检测癫痫平片中β-细辛醚含量

目的建立测定石菖蒲有效成分β-细辛醚含量的超高效液相色谱-电喷雾飞行时间质谱联用法(UPLC-TOF/MS)。方法应用Waters Acquity超高效液相色谱(UPLC)BEH C18柱(100 mm×2.1 mm,1.7μm),流动相为甲醇-水(65∶35),流速为0.4 mL/min,柱温为35℃;采用Waters LCT Premier XE(飞行时间质谱仪)电喷雾电离源正离子模式,取m/z 209.117 8作为定量目标离子进行检测。结果β-细辛醚进样量线性范围是74.2～927.5 pg,线性相关系数为0.999 0;平均加样回收率为96.2%,RSD为0.94%(n=6)。仪器最低检出限为14.84 pg。结论该方法简单、快速、准确、重复性好,适用于癫痫平片中石菖蒲有效成分β-细辛醚含量的检测。     

超高效液相色谱串联质谱法同时测定走川骨刺酊中3种乌头类生物碱含量

目的 建立同时测定走川骨刺酊中3种乌头类生物碱含量的超高效液相色谱-串联质谱(UPLC-MS/MS)法.方法 色谱柱为ACQUITY UPLCBEH C18柱(50 mm×2.1 mm,1.7μm),流动相为0.1％甲酸溶液-乙腈(梯度洗脱),流速为0.25 mL/min,柱温为35℃,进样量为10μL;采取电喷雾离...     

液相色谱/电喷雾质谱联用分析金霉素中的杂质组分

目的应用液相色谱-电喷雾离子化质谱法分析金霉素杂质组分。方法用MerckC8(250×4.6mm,5μm)色谱柱;流动相0.01m草酸-乙腈(20∶80,V/V,pH2.0);流速1mL·min-1;检测波长375nm;液相出口分流20%进入离子阱质谱,以电喷雾电离源正离子模式(MS+)进行质谱数据采集。结果得到金霉素样品液相色谱图以及液相色谱峰对应的一级质谱图。对谱图进行分析归纳,推测金霉素样品中含有四环素、差向异构四环素和差向异构金霉素杂质组分。结论本方法灵敏、可靠、快速,对四环素类抗生素生产、质量监控具有指导意义。     

HPLC—DAD—MS联用法检测中药降糖制剂及胶囊壳中非法添加罗格列酮的研究

目的:建立检测中药降糖制剂及胶囊壳中非法添加的罗格列酮的专属性方法。方法:采用液相色谱-质谱联用法,样品以 Agilent TC-C_(18)(250 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm)色谱柱进行分离,以甲醇-0.1%甲酸水溶液(30:70)为流动相,流速为1.0 mL·min~(-1),检测波长范围为200～400 nm,分流比为4:1。采用电喷雾离子化正离子检测模式(ESI~ ),m/z 范围为100～800amu,毛细管电压为 3.2 kV,脱溶剂气(N_2)为350 L·h~(-1),锥孔反吹气为50 L·h~(-1),锥孔电压为45 V,脱溶剂温度为150℃,源温度为105℃,检测方式为全扫描质谱。通过液相色谱保留时间、紫外光谱图、相对分子质量及源内 CID(碰撞诱导裂解)碎片离子等信息,对中药降糖制剂及胶囊壳的提取液进行液相色普-质谱分析。通过与罗格列酮的色谱及质谱行为相比较,对中药降糖制剂及胶囊壳中非法添加的罗格列酮进行检测。结果:在市售某中药降糖制剂或胶囊壳中检测到罗格列酮。结论:该方法选择性强,灵敏度高,可用于非法添加化学降糖药罗格列酮的药品快速检测方法的研究。     

液质联用同时分析几种大环内酯类抗生素

目的应用液相色谱/电喷雾离子化质谱法同时分析几种大环内酯类抗生素。方法用HypersilODS2(250×4.6mm,5μm)色谱柱;以甲醇∶水∶三乙胺(68∶32∶0.1,V/V)为流动相用1mL·min-1的流速洗脱;DAD检测器检测波长230nm;柱温40℃;液相出口分流20%进入离子阱质谱,以电喷雾电离源正离子模式(MS+)进行质谱数据采集。结果得到样品液相色谱图和质谱图,并对谱图进行分析和归属。结论本方法方便、快速、灵敏、可靠,对临床药学、食品安全和生态环境等的检测方法的研究具有一定的指导意义。     

南五味子种子中木酯素类成分的高效液相色谱-电喷雾电离-质谱分析

目的:用高效液相色谱-电喷雾电离-质谱分析(HPLC-ESI-MS)法对南五味子种子中木酯素类成分进行了分析。方法:利用 HPLC-ESI-MS 对南五味子种子进行了初步分析研究。液相色谱条件为:色谱柱a:C_8柱(4.6mm×25mm,5μm),色谱柱 b:苯基柱(4.6mm×25mm,5μm);流动相:甲醇-水(60∶40);流速:0.4mL·min~(-1);质谱为Finnigan LCQ~(DECA)型液相色谱-电喷雾质谱联用系统。结果:得到了样品的总离子流图及相应色谱峰的 ESI-MS 质谱图,对其进行了解析,鉴别出五味子甲素、五味子酯甲、五味子酯乙、五味子酯丙、五味子酯丁。结论:本方法快捷、简单、准确。     

Theoretical π-π* absorption and circular dichroic spectra of cyclic dipeptides

The dipole interaction model, treated by the partially dispersive normal mode method, is used to calculate circular dichroic spectra of cyclo(Gly-Gly), cyclo (Ala-Gly), cyclo(Ala-Ala), cyclo(Pro-Gly), cyclo(Pro-Ala), cyclo(Pro-Val), cyclo (Pro-D-Val), and cyclo(Pro-Pro) in the amide π-π* absorption band near 190 nm. Assuming a standard backbone geometry, spectra which are in fair to good agreement wth experiment are obtained for these molecules. The spectra are predicted to be sensitive to conformations of Pro and Val side chains. The effects of dipeptide ring folding on calculated CD spectra are mostly consistent with those found by other workers, except that it is found that a planar ring conformation of cyclo (Ala-Ala) and cyclo (Ala-Gly) gives predicted spectra comparable to experiment. The same model gives theoretical absorption spectra consistent with available experimental data.     

Effects of Nitro-L-Arginine on Blood Pressure and Cardiac Index in Anesthetized Rats: A Pharmacokinetic-Pharmacodynamic Analysis

Purpose. Nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitors such as Nitro-L-arginine (L-NA) are being considered for the management of hypotension observed in septic shock. However, little information is available regarding the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of these agents. Our objective was to examine the relationships between L-NA plasma concentration and various hemodynamic effects such as cardiac index (CI), mean arterial pressure (MAP), and heart rate (HR) elicited by L-NA administration in rats. Methods. L-NA was infused at doses between 2.5 – 20 mg/kg/hr in anesthetized rats over one hour. Hemodynamic effects and plasma L-NA levels were determined. Results. Infusion of L-NA resulted in dose-dependent increases in MAP and systemic vascular resistance (SVR), decreases in CI, and minimal change in HR. The relationships between the hemodynamic effects and plasma L-NA levels were not monotonic, and hysteresis was observed. Using nonparametric analysis, the equilibration half-time (t_1/2,keo) between plasma L-NA and the hypothetical effect site was determined to be 51.5 ± 6.6 min, 42.4 ± 10.1 min, 43.4 ± 9.0 min for MAP, CI, and SVR, respectively (n = 14). The E_max and EC₅₀ values obtained were + 32.5 ± 8.4 and 2.6 ± 1.3 g/ml for MAP and –52.9 ± 15.6 and 3.7 ± 1.8 g/ml for CI, respectively. Conclusions. Although L-NA can bring about beneficial elevation of MAP, such effect is always accompanied by a stronger effect on CI depression. Dose escalation of L-NA may bring about detrimental negative inotropic effect and loss of therapeutic efficacy.     

洛美沙星体内外抗菌活性研究

洛美沙星对革兰氏阴性菌具有强的抑菌活力。对克氏肺炎杆菌的抗菌活性最强,MIC_(50)为0.12mg/L;对痢疾杆菌、产气杆菌、粘质沙雷氏菌、不动杆菌和枸椽酸杆菌的MIC_(50)分别为1和4mg/L。洛美沙星对肠细菌科细菌的活力比诺氟沙星和依诺沙星强2～16倍,明显地比丁胺卡那霉素、庆大霉素强。对金葡球菌MIC_(50)为1mg/L, MRSA对洛美沙星同样敏感。洛美沙星对表葡球菌、链球菌、粪链球菌及肺炎双球菌等的抗菌活性与地氟沙星相似,比诺氟沙星、依诺沙星、丁胺卡那霉素、庆大霉素和头孢三嗪分别强2～4倍。 洛美沙星对小鼠全身感染的疗效优于诺氟沙星。对大肠杆菌、克氏肺炎杆菌和绿脓杆菌感染小鼠iv的ED_(50)分别是0.74、0.13和3.45mg/kg, po的ED_(50)分别是0.94、1.46和6.20mg/kg。     

乙酰吉他霉素临床前药理学研究

乙酰吉他霉素对临床分离的革兰氏阳性球菌有较好的抑菌活力，其对金葡球菌、β－溶血性链球菌、表葡球菌的ＭＩＣ_（５０）分别为１、０．２２和４ｍｇ／Ｌ，对耐红霉素、青霉素的金葡球菌、表葡球菌半数以上较敏感，与吉他霉素相似，但其对革兰氏阴性菌无明显作用。乙酰吉他霉素对小鼠实验性细菌感染有明显保护作用。对金葡球菌、肺炎双球菌感染小鼠口服用药的ＥＤ_（５０）分别为７９．６和２５．１ｍｇ／ｋｇ。其疗效与吉他霉素、麦白霉素、乙酰螺旋霉素相似。乙酰吉他霉素小鼠１次口服的ＬＤ_（５０）＞１５ｇ／ｋｇ，与吉他霉素相比毒性无差异。     

HPLC法测定丝裂霉素C聚氰基丙烯酸正丁酯纳米粒中丝裂霉素C的含量

目的:建立高效液相色谱法测定丝裂霉素 C 聚氰基丙烯酸正丁酯纳米粒(MMC-PBCA-NP)中药物含量。方法:采用C_(18)柱(4.6 mm×150 mm,5 μm),以混合磷酸盐缓冲液-乙腈(85:15)为流动相,流速为1 mL·min~(-1),紫外检测器,检测波长为365 nm。结果:丝裂霉素 C(MMC)浓度在5～250 μg·mL~(-1)范围内与峰面积呈良好的线性关系,r=0.9998;平均回收率(n=6)为98.15%。结论:本法专属性强,操作简便,结果准确。适用于 MMC-PBCA-NP 的质量控制。     

The pathogenesis of,and pharmacological treatment for,Canavan disease

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大鼠溃疡性结肠炎模型的实验研究

目的对不同剂量的三硝基苯磺酸（ＴＮＢＳ）引起的大鼠溃疡性结肠炎（ＵＣ）模型进行观察和评价。方法采用一次性直肠注入大鼠ＴＮＢＳ（２５～１５０ｍｇ·ｋｇ－１）的３０％乙醇溶液，引起慢性炎症性肠疾病（ＩＢＤ），３ｗｋ后外死动物对各剂量下动物结肠的重量、髓过氧化物酶（ＭＰＯ）活性及组织形态学变化进行观察和评价。结果ＴＮＢＳ在１００～１５０ｍｇ·ｋｇ－１剂量下引起的ＵＣ肠壁明显增厚，炎症和溃疡至少维持７ｗｋ时间，ＭＰＯ活性值显著性升高，组织学检查发现粘膜及粘膜下层有大量中性粒细胞及淋巴细胞、巨噬细胞、纤维细胞浸润，肉芽组织及隐窝脓肿形成，５０ｍｇ·ｋｇ－１剂量时有一较轻度的损伤。２５ｍｇ·ｋｇ－１时对结肠的重量、ＭＰＯ活性及损伤指数都没有显著性改变（Ｐ＞０．０５）。结论用ＴＮＢＳ引起大鼠实验性ＵＣ，其溃疡和炎症维持一较长时间，这一病理特征为炎症性疾病防治药物的研究提供了条件；本模型的最佳剂量为１００ｍｇ·ｋｇ－１左右     

Protective role of exogenous α-lipoic acid (ALA) on hippocampal antioxidant status and memory function in rat pups exposed to sodium arsenite during the early post-natal period

The present work focussed on the effect of exogenous α-lipoic acid (ALA) administration on retention memory and oxidative stress markers in the hippocampus subsequent to early post-natal exposure of rat pups to sodium arsenite (NaAsO₂). Wistar rat pups were divided into the control groups receiving either no treatment (Ia) or distilled water by intraperitoneal route (i.p.) (Ib) and the experimental groups receiving either NaAsO₂ alone (1.5 and 2.0?mg/kg body wt.) (IIa, IIb) or NaAsO₂ (1.5 and 2.0?mg/kg body wt.) followed by ALA (70?mg/kg body wt.) (IIIa, IIIb) (i.p.) from post-natal day (PND) 4–15. The initial and retention transfer latency (ITL and RTL) was determined on PND 14 and 15 using elevated plus maze. The animals were sacrificed by cervical decapitation (PND 16) and the brains were obtained. The dissected out hippocampus was processed for estimation of oxidative stress markers, glutathione (GSH), and superoxide dismutase (SOD). NaAsO₂ exposure resulted in longer RTL in animal groups IIa and IIb, thereby suggestive of arsenic-induced impairment in retention memory. RTL was significantly shorter in animal groups (IIIa, IIIb) receiving ALA following NaAsO₂, thereby suggestive of improvement in retention memory. GSH and SOD levels were significantly decreased in animals receiving NaAsO₂ alone as against group Ib and administration of ALA following NaAsO₂ increased the levels of hippocampal GSH and SOD. These observations are suggestive of the role of exogenous ALA in ameliorating the adverse effects induced by NaAsO₂ exposure of rat pups on retention memory and oxidative stress markers.     

Dinoflagellate polyether within the yessotoxin, pectenotoxin and okadaic acid toxin groups: Characterization, analysis and human health implications

Diarrhetic Shellfish Poisoning (DSP) is a specific type of food poisoning, characterized by severe gastrointestinal illness due to the ingestion of filter feeding bivalves contaminated with a specific suite of toxins. It is known that the problem is worldwide and three chemically different groups of toxins have been historically associated with DSP syndrome: okadaic acid (OA) and dinophysistoxins (DTXs), pectenotoxins (PTXs) and yessotoxins (YTXs). PTXs and YTXs have been considered as DSP toxins because they can be detected with the bioassays used for the toxins of the okadaic acid group, but diarrhegenic effects have only been proven for OA and DTXs. Whereas, some PTXs causes liver necrosis and YTXs damages cardiac muscle after intraperitoneal injection into mice. On the other hand, azaspiracids (AZAs) have never been included in the DSP group, but they cause diarrhoea in humans. This review summarizes the origin, characterization, structure, activity, mechanism of action, clinical symptoms, method for analysis, potential risk, regulation and perspectives of DSP and associated toxins produced by marine dinoflagellates.     

Latent role of in vitro Pb exposure in blocking Aβ clearance and triggering epigenetic modifications

Both β-amyloid (Aβ) catabolism and epigenetic regulation play critical roles in the onset of neurodegeneration. The latter also contribute to Pb neurotoxicity. The present study explored the role of epigenetic modifiers and Aβ degradation enzymes in Pb-induced latent effects on Aβ overproduction in vitro. Our results indicated that in SH-SY5Y cells exposed to Pb, the expression of NEP and IDE remained declined during the recovery period, accompanied with abnormal increase of Aβ_1-42 and amyloid oligomer. A disruption of selective global post-translational histone modifiers including the decrease of H3K9ac and H4K12ac and the induction of H3K9me2 and H3K27me2 dose dependently was also showed in recovery cells. Moreover, histone deacetylase inhibitor VPA could attenuate latent Aβ accumulation and HDAC activity induced by Pb, which might be by regulating the expression of NEP and IDE epigenetically. Overall, our results suggest sustained reduction of NEP and IDE expression in response to Pb sensitizes recovery SH-SY5Y cells to Aβ accumulation; however, administration of VPA is demonstrated to be beneficial in modulating Aβ clearance.