成人BMI与踝臂指数的相关性分析

目的:研究成年健康人群BMI与踝臂指数(ankle-brachial index,ABI)的相关性。方法:纳入2009年12月—2010年5月在江苏高邮随机招募的4353例社区居民。采用经过验证的全自动VP-1000PWV/ABI分析仪无创测量ABI。根据人群BMI分为低体重组(BMI18.5 kg/m~2)、正常体重组(18.5 kg/m~2≤BMI24 kg/m~2)、超重组(24 kg/m~2≤BMI28 kg/m~2)和肥胖组(BMI≥28 kg/m~2)。采用单因素、多因素线性回归分析和限制性立方样条函数研究BMI与ABI的相关性。结果:ABI在低体重组为1.04±0.08,正常体重组为1.09±0.08,超重组为1.11±0.08,肥胖组为1.11±0.08。多因素线性回归模型显示,以正常体重为参照,在低体重组、超重组、肥胖组中,BMI与ABI呈正相关(β分别为-0.039、0.013、0.017,均P0.001)。限制性立方样条函数显示,BMI与ABI呈非线性相关(P0.001)。结论:BMI与ABI呈非线性正相关。     

山西省老年人群不同肥胖类型与慢性病危险因素

目的了解山西省老年人群不同类型肥胖现状及其与慢性病的关系。方法利用2010年山西省国民体质监测的数据,以山西省11个地市、60⁶9岁的老年人4 957人作为研究对象。采用体重指数(BMI)和腰围(WC)作为不同类型肥胖的测量指标。利用非条件logistic回归模型分析肥胖和各种慢性病之间的关系。结果山西省老年人群中超重率为44.64%,肥胖率为16.78%,向心性肥胖率为64.90%。55.21%患有一种及以上慢性疾病。高血压患病率(20.25%)居首位。分别调整BMI和WC,高血压、高脂血症、糖尿病、冠心病及骨关节疾病的患病率随BMI和WC的增高而上升。与正常BMI组相比,肥胖组患5种疾病的OR值为1.1769岁的老年人4 957人作为研究对象。采用体重指数(BMI)和腰围(WC)作为不同类型肥胖的测量指标。利用非条件logistic回归模型分析肥胖和各种慢性病之间的关系。结果山西省老年人群中超重率为44.64%,肥胖率为16.78%,向心性肥胖率为64.90%。55.21%患有一种及以上慢性疾病。高血压患病率(20.25%)居首位。分别调整BMI和WC,高血压、高脂血症、糖尿病、冠心病及骨关节疾病的患病率随BMI和WC的增高而上升。与正常BMI组相比,肥胖组患5种疾病的OR值为1.17².24;WC≥95 cm(男)、≥90 cm(女)组与WC正常组相比,5种疾病的OR值为1.072.24;WC≥95 cm(男)、≥90 cm(女)组与WC正常组相比,5种疾病的OR值为1.07¹.99,趋势检验P值均<0.05。消化性溃疡的患病率随BMI增高而下降,肥胖组与正常BMI组相比,OR值为0.381.99,趋势检验P值均<0.05。消化性溃疡的患病率随BMI增高而下降,肥胖组与正常BMI组相比,OR值为0.38¹.17;而消化性溃疡与WC无关。慢性支气管炎与BMI和WC均无关。结论高血压、高脂血症及骨关节疾病在肥胖组中患病率较高。糖尿病、冠心病患病率与向心性肥胖呈正相关。     

女性代谢综合征患者踝臂指数与全因及心血管病死亡的关系

目的研究踝臂指数(ABI)与女性代谢综合征(MS)患者全因死亡与心血管病(CVD)死亡之间的关系。方法符合国际糖尿病学会(IDF,2005)MS诊断标准的女性MS患者1049例入选。进行ABI的测量及平均13.6月随访。按ABI水平的不同将研究对象分为外周动脉疾病(PAD)组(ABI≤0.9,共259例)和非PAD组(ABI在0.91～1.40之间,共790例)。结果在基线水平,PAD组的年龄、高血压患病率、收缩压水平、糖尿病患病率、吸烟率均高于非PAD组(P<0.05)。PAD组与非PAD组的全因死亡率分别为10.4%和4.4%(P<0.01),CVD死亡率分别为4.6%和1.6%(P<0.01)。ABI最高第4分位(≤0.40)较最低的第1分位(1.00～1.40)全因死亡增加3.7倍(P=0.012),心血管病死亡率虽有增加但无显著性。通过COX回归分析,调整年龄、高血压史、糖尿病史、吸烟等因素后,显示全因死亡和CVD死亡的相对危险仍呈同样趋势。结论低ABI是预测女性MS患者全因死亡的独立性危险因素,女性MS患者早期常规接受ABI检查,积极预防和治疗PAD对提高生存率具有重要价值。     

女性代谢综合征患者踝臂指数与全因及心血管病死亡的关系

目的 研究踝臂指数(ABI)与女性代谢综合征(MS)患者全因死亡与心血管病(CVD)死亡之间的关系.方法 符合国际糖尿病学会(IDF,2005)MS诊断标准的女性MS患者1049例入选.进行ABI的测量及平均13.6月随访.按ABI水平的不同将研究对象分为外周动脉疾病(PAD)组(ABI≤0.9,共259例)和非PAD组(ABI在0.91～1.40之间,共790例).结果 在基线水平,PAD组的年龄、高血压患病率、收缩压水平、糖尿病患病率、吸烟率均高于非PAD组(P＜0.05).PAD组与非PAD组的全因死亡率分别为10.4%和4.4%(P＜0.01),CVD死亡率分别为4.6%和1.6%(P＜0.01).ABI最高第4分位(≤0.40)较最低的第1分位(1.00～1.40)全因死亡增加3.7倍(P=0.012),心血管病死亡率虽有增加但无显著性.通过COX回归分析,调整年龄、高血压史、糖尿病史、吸烟等因素后,显示全因死亡和CVD死亡的相对危险仍呈同样趋势.结论 低ABI是预测女性MS患者全因死亡的独立性危险因素,女性MS患者早期常规接受ABI检查,积极预防和治疗PAD对提高生存率具有重要价值.     

泸州市社区老年人群超重、肥胖患病率及特点分析

目的:了解泸州市社区老年人群超重和肥胖的流行特点及其高血压、高血糖、高血脂的患病情况。方法:通过多级抽样方法,对泸州市社区60岁以上居民进行问卷调查、体格检查、生化检测。体质量指数(BMI)≥28.0为肥胖,24.0～27.9为超重。结果:共收集有效资料4 445份,平均BMI为24.1±3.4,男性与女性BMI不同(P<0.001)。样本人群超重和肥胖患病率分别为38.25%、12.78%;各年龄段超重率不同(P<0.05),60～69年龄段超重率最高(P<0.05),随年龄的增长,超重率有下降趋势(P<0.001);男、女性肥胖率分别为10.01%、14.69%(P<0.001),各年龄组肥胖率差异无统计学意义。高血压、高血糖、高三酰甘油等患病率随BMI升高而增加(P<0.05),在超重、肥胖组的患病率高于BMI<24.0组(P<0.05)。结论:被调查人群超重和肥胖患病率超过50%,其高血压、高血糖、高血脂患病率达40%以上;老年人超重、肥胖问题严峻,控制老年超重和肥胖刻不容缓。     

不同肥胖类型的中青年原发性高血压患者血压水平及血压控制率与踝臂指数的关系分析

目的:通过回顾性分析原发性高血压患者的相关资料,探讨不同肥胖类型的中青年原发性高血压患者血压水平及血压控制率与踝臂指数的关系 方法:从我院高血压科2013年1月1日-2015年6月1日的已出院患者中随机筛选符合条件的原发性高血压患者320例。记录患者入院时性别、年龄、身高、体重、腰围、吸烟情况、病程、24小时动态血压、踝臂指数、空腹血糖、血脂。采用OMRON BP-203RPEⅢ动脉硬度测定仪测定踝臂指数,美国太空90217型动态血压仪监测患者24小时动态血压,日立（苏州）有限公司生产的型号为 HITACHI 7600-020的生化自动分析仪。先按照体重指数（BMI）分为BMI正常、BMI超重或肥胖两组,再按照腰围分为BMI正常/腰围正常、BMI正常/腹型肥胖、BMI超重或肥胖/腰围正常、BMI超重或肥胖/腹型肥胖四组。这四组样本人群分别使用卡方检验判断ABI正常和ABI降低组血压控制率是否存在差异,使用相关分析和线性回归分析高血压控制组和未控制组收缩压和舒张压分别与ABI是否相关。 结果：在BMI正常的患者中,腹型肥胖患者的空腹血糖（FPG）、甘油三酯（TG）、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL-C）、尿酸（UA）、24小时平均舒张压（24hDBP）高于腰围正常的患者,血压控制率、踝臂指数（ABI）、和高密度脂蛋白（HDL-C）低于腰围正常的患者;在BMI超重或肥胖的患者中,腹型肥胖患者的24小时平均舒张压高于腰围正常的患者,血压控制率低于腰围正常的患者,空腹血糖、甘油三酯、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇、尿酸、ABI无显著差异;无论BMI是否正常,伴有腹型肥胖的患者中,ABI与血压的控制情况相关,且ABI降低组血压控制率低,而在腰围正常的患者中,差异不显著;在BMI和腰围均正常的患者中,ABI仅与24h平均收缩压（24hSBP）相关;无论BMI是否正常,在存在腹型肥胖的患者中,ABI不仅与24h平均收缩压相关,同时与24h平均舒张压相关;在BMI超重或肥胖但是腰围正常的患者中,ABI与24h平均收缩压或舒张压均不相关。 结论：腹型肥胖的患者舒张压升高明显,更易出现高血脂和高血糖心血管疾病危险因素,ABI降低不仅与收缩压升高相关,也与舒张压升高相关,ABI降低可以反应出腹型肥胖人群的血压控制情况。     

踝肱指数评价老年男性高血压患者下肢动脉病变的临床意义

目的通过测量踝肱指数（ABI）评价老年男性高血压患者下肢外周动脉病（PAD）的患病情况,并对发生高血压和PAD的共同危险因素进行评价。方法选取我院老年男性高血压患者264例,按ABI〈0.9者入选PAD组（88例）,ABI≥0.9者为非PAD组（176例）。比较两组患者年龄、身高、体质量、血压、ABI、BMI、共患病情况及是否吸烟等指标。结果 264例患者中ABI异常88例,检出率为33.3%。PAD组的冠心病、高脂血症、糖尿病、吸烟的检出率分别为77.27%、35.22%、51.13%6、5.90%,高于非PAD组的62.50%2、1.59%、33.52%和19.88%,P值分别为0.018,0.025,0.0070,.000。通过PAD患病率危险因素Logistic回归分析,年龄、冠心病、高脂血症、糖尿病、吸烟为独立危险因素（P〈0.05或P〈0.01）。结论老年男性高血压患者有较高的PAD发生率,其合并有冠心病、高脂血症、糖尿病、吸烟的检出率远高于非PAD高血压患者。ABI可用于早期诊断其下肢血管病变。     

贵州瑶族老年人高血压、糖尿病与体重指数、腰臀比的关系

目的探讨贵州瑶族老年人高血压、糖尿病与体重指数(BMI)、腰臀比(WHR)的关系。方法采用统一问卷及体格检查方法对贵州省荔波地区瑶族老年人群进行整群随机抽样,进行高血压、糖尿病的流行病学调查。结果贵州瑶族老年人高血压患病率为48.29%,糖尿病患病率为13.31%。BMI正常组与超重肥胖组高血压患病率差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),BMI超重肥胖组和WHR向心性肥胖组高血压和糖尿病差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),BMI对高血压、糖尿病患病率的影响差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论BMI、WHR异常可增加高血压、糖尿病的发病危险。     

社区老年人体质量指数与高血压、高血脂及高血糖的相关性

目的:探讨社区老年人群人体质量指数(BMI)与高血压、高血脂、高血糖的相关性。方法:选择2010年1月~2012年12月在我院进行健康体检的社区居民1463例为研究对象,根据BMI分为正常组(651例)、超重组(463例)和肥胖组(349例),对各组血压、血糖、血脂进行检测对比,并分析其与BMI的相关性。结果:与女性相比,男性超重和肥胖(48.77%比60.33%)、高血压(14.24%比30.87%)、高血脂(10.15%比30.63%)、高血糖(6.71%比12.32%)的检出率均显著升高(P均<0.01);与正常组比较,超重组和肥胖组高血压(16.44%比27.43%比33.24%)、高血脂(9.37%比28.29%比37.54%)和高血糖(4.76%比12.53%比16.33%)检出率明显升高(P均<0.01);BMI与血压、血糖和血脂水平呈正相关(r=0.374,0.317,0.294,P均<0.01)。结论:人体质量指数与高血压、高血脂及高血糖呈显著正相关,控制体质量对高血压、高血脂及高血糖的防治具有重要意义。     

老年高血压患者MMP-9、脂联素及踝臂指数与肥胖的关系

目的 研究老年原发性高血压患者血清基质金属蛋白酶-9(MMP- 9) 、 脂联素(ADP)水平及踝臂指数(ABI)的变化与肥胖的关系。方法 将入选的高血压患者分为高血压肥胖组和单纯高血压组,正常血压者分为单纯肥胖组和正常对照组。四组均采用ELISA法测定MMP-9及ADP,并测量ABI。比较四组MMP-9、ADP和ABI水平。结果 ①单纯高血压组、单纯肥胖组、高血压肥胖组BMI、LDL-C均较对照组升高( P < 0.05) ;单纯高血压组、高血压肥胖组FPG、SBP、DBP均较对照组增高( P < 0.05);单纯高血压组、高血压肥胖组SBP、DBP、FPG较单纯肥胖组增高( P < 0.05);单纯肥胖组、高血压肥胖组BMI、TG、TC、LDL-C较单纯高血压组增高(P< 0.05)。②MMP–9、ADP及ABI在对照组、单纯高血压组、单纯肥胖组和高血压肥胖组中逐渐增高或降低,且单纯高血压组、单纯肥胖组、高血压肥胖组和对照组比较,单纯肥胖组、高血压肥胖组和单纯高血压组比较,高血压肥胖组和单纯肥胖组比较,差异均有统计学意义( P < 0.05) 。③多元线性回归分析显示,MMP-9与SBP、LDL呈正相关。ADP与SBP、DBP、BMI呈负相关。ABI与SBP、DBP、TG呈负相关。结论 MMP-9、ADP、ABI在高血压、肥胖及动脉粥样硬化进程中有重要意义,对临床疾病评估具有一定指导意义。     

上海某社区中老年人群超重与肥胖的现况调查

目的:了解上海社区中老年人超重和肥胖的患病情况以及肥胖相关疾病的患病风险。方法:在上海市嘉定区40岁及以上居民中进行问卷调查、体格检查及生化检测,对其中数据完整的10 375名居民进行统计分析。根据体质量指数(BMI),按照WHO标准界定肥胖和超重者。采用线性回归法分析BMI与一些危险因素的相关性,并采用Logistic回归法分析超重以及肥胖状态对于各种代谢相关性疾病患病风险的影响。结果:本研究人群的BMI均值为25.1±3.3,超重和肥胖的患病率分别为42.92%和7.27%;多元线性回归分析显示:校正多种混杂因素后,随着BMI水平的上升,腰围、收缩压、舒张压、空腹血糖、餐后2 h血糖、总胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇、三酰甘油随之增加(均P<0.01),高密度脂蛋白胆固醇随之下降(P     

Effect of combined cardiovascular risk factors on individual and population medical expenditures: a 10-year cohort study of national health insurance in a Japanese population.

BACKGROUND: Although obesity is required for some criteria defining metabolic syndrome, clustering of other risk factors also indicates an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. Whether the relationship between cardiovascular risk factor clustering and medical expenditures differs with body mass index (BMI) requires investigation, especially in a population with a low prevalence of obesity such as that in Japan. METHODS AND RESULTS: A 10-year cohort study of 4,478 Japanese National Health Insurance beneficiaries aged 40-69 years in a community between 1990 and 2001 was carried out in the present study. The clustering of cardiovascular risk factors showed a positive and graded relationship to personal medical expenditures in participants who are overweight (BMI > or =25.0) and normal weight (BMI <25.0). The individual medical expenditures per month were 1.7-fold higher for participants with 2 or 3 risk factors and overweight than for those without these factors (26,782 vs 15,377 Japanese yen). Differences in the geometric means were similarly significant after adjustment for other confounding factors. However, the excess medical expenditures by risk clustering of normal weight categories within the total medical expenditures were higher than those of overweight categories because more participants were of normal weight. CONCLUSIONS: Cardiovascular risk factor clustering and being overweight can be a useful predictor of medical expenditures in a Japanese population.     

Body Mass Index and Survival in Men and Women Aged 70 to 75

OBJECTIVES: To examine in an older population all‐cause and cause‐specific mortality associated with underweight (body mass index (BMI)<18.5), normal weight (BMI 18.5–24.9), overweight (BMI 25.0–29.9), and obesity (BMI≥30.0). DESIGN: Cohort study. SETTING: The Health in Men Study and the Australian Longitudinal Study of Women's Health. PARTICIPANTS: Adults aged 70 to 75, 4,677 men and 4,563 women recruited in 1996 and followed for up to 10 years. MEASUReMENTS: Relative risk of all‐cause mortality and cause‐specific (cardiovascular disease, cancer, and chronic respiratory disease) mortality. RESULTS: Mortality risk was lowest for overweight participants. The risk of death for overweight participants was 13% less than for normal‐weight participants (hazard ratio (HR)=0.87, 95% CI=0.78–0.94). The risk of death was similar for obese and normal‐weight participants (HR=0.98, 95% CI=0.85–1.11). Being sedentary doubled the mortality risk for women across all levels of BMI (HR=2.08, 95% CI=1.79–2.41) but resulted in only a 28% greater risk for men (HR=1.28 (95% CI=1.14–1.44). CONCLUSION: These results lend further credence to claims that the BMI thresholds for overweight and obese are overly restrictive for older people. Overweight older people are not at greater mortality risk than those who are normal weight. Being sedentary was associated with a greater risk of mortality in women than in men.     

Prevalence of obesity and associated complications in China: A cross-sectional,real-world study in 15.8 million adults

Aim

To evaluate the prevalence of overweight/obesity and associated complications from a large, cross-sectional, nationwide database in China.

Materials and Methods

Data were obtained from 519 Meinian health check-up centres across 243 cities. Eligible participants were aged ≥18 years, with a routine check-up in 2019 (N = 21 771 683) and complete height, weight, sex and region data. The unadjusted prevalence rates of overweight/obesity were calculated by age, sex and region. In addition, the nationwide prevalence rates of overweight and obesity were standardized according to the 2010 China census by age group and sex. The prevalence of obesity-related complications by body mass index (BMI) groups was calculated using logistic regression.

Results

There were 15 770 094 eligible participants (median age 40 years; mean BMI 24.1 kg/m²; 52.8% male). By Chinese BMI classification, 34.8% were overweight and 14.1% were obese. Overweight and obesity were more prevalent in male than female participants (standardized: overweight 40.2% vs. 27.4%; obesity 17.6% vs. 9.6%, respectively). The prevalence of assessed complications was higher in participants with overweight/obesity versus those with normal BMI (P < 0.001 for trends). The most prevalent complications in participants with overweight/obesity were fatty liver disease, prediabetes, dyslipidaemia and hypertension. The number of complications increased with higher BMI.

Conclusions

Overweight/obesity and related complications are highly prevalent in this population. These data may better inform management and prevention public health strategies in China.     

Influence of overweight and obesity on upper endoscopic findings

BACKGROUND: In previous studies, increasing body mass index (BMI, kg/m(2)) was related to chronic gastrointestinal symptoms, such as frequent vomiting, upper abdominal pain, bloating and diarrhea. However, there have been no reports about the relationship between increasing BMI and abnormal upper endoscopic findings such as gastritis or ulcer. METHODS: The study group consisted of 27 319 individuals who underwent medical checkup at a healthcare center from 1 January to 31 December 2003. The following classification of BMI was applied. (i) underweight; BMI < 18.5; (ii) normal weight; 18.5 or= 30.0. The subjects were grouped according to the findings of upper endoscopy as follows: group 1, those with erosive gastritis, gastric ulcers (benign and malignant) and duodenal ulcers; group 2, those with reflux esophagitis; and group 3, those with findings of upper endoscopy other than group 1 and group 2. RESULTS: The prevalence of obesity and overweight was 2.2% and 30.5%, respectively. By multivariate analyses, overweight (OR 1.31, 95% CI; 1.22-1.40, P = 0.000) and obesity (OR 1.40, 95% CI; 1.14-1.72, P = 0.001) were significant contributors of group 1. Overweight (OR 1.61, 95% CI; 1.42-1.83, P = 0.000) and obesity (OR 2.23, 95% CI; 1.59-3.11, P = 0.000) were also significant contributors of group 2. CONCLUSIONS: In the general population, increasing BMI was associated with abnormal upper endoscopic findings, such as erosive gastritis, gastric ulcer, duodenal ulcer and reflux esophagitis. Clarification of the cause-and-effect relationships and the mechanisms of these associations require further investigation.     

Overweight and obesity in Portugal: national prevalence in 2003-2005.

Obesity is an endemic health problem in most developed countries, requiring serious public health attention. The first Portuguese nationwide representative survey about obesity (with objective anthropometric measurement) was undertaken from 1995 to 1998. This paper presents data coming from the second and most recent nationwide representative study of obesity, with objective measurement of weight, height, waist and hip circumferences. Data were collected between January 2003 and January 2005. The survey collected objective body mass index (BMI) values of 8116 participants aged 18-64. Main findings were: 2.4% of the sample had low weight (BMI < 18.5), 39.4% were overweight (BMI between 25.0 and 29.9), and 14.2% obese (BMI > or = 30). Waist circumference measurement showed that 45.6% of the sample suffers increased cardiovascular health risks associated with high waist circumference. The overall overweight/obesity prevalence increased from 49.6% (in 1995-1998) to 53.6% (in 2003-2005). These data suggest that although obesity was identified as a public health problem one decade ago, action to reduce it does not seem to have been very effective to date. Well-defined public health intervention must be targeted to specific population groups where higher levels of obesity prevalence were found: low socioeconomic level groups and low-education level groups.     

三峡农村地区人群超重肥胖的流行现状及其影响因素

目的:了解三峡农村地区超重肥胖的流行现状和影响因素。方法:于2007年在宜昌市夷陵区的农村人群进行现况调查,采用标准化的问卷收集居民一般人口学情况、社会经济状况和生活方式与行为,并进行身高、体重和腰围测量。超重、肥胖和中心性肥胖分别定义为体重指数(BMI):24.0～27.9 kg/m2、≥28 kg/m2和腰围≥85 cm(男性)、≥80 cm(女性)。采用Logistic回归模型探讨影响超重肥胖的相关因素。结果:共调查35岁及以上者9568人(应答率为80.8%),其中19.7%为三峡大坝建设后靠移民。年龄标化超重、肥胖和中心性肥胖患病率在男性分别为22.2%、5.5%和18.8%,女性分别为26.7%、6.9%和25.4%,男性各指标明显低于女性(P值均<0.01)。在男性中35～54岁年龄段超重肥胖患病率最高,而女性患病率最高的年龄段为45～64岁。三峡移民超重肥胖患病率指标显著高于非移民(P值<0.01或<0.05)。多元Logistic回归分析表明,受教育水平较高、经常食用高脂食物、缺乏体力活动和从事非农业生产者罹患超重/肥胖(BMI≥24)的风险明显增加(P值均<0.05),而移民与否不是超重肥胖的独立影响因素。结论:三峡夷陵农村地区超重肥胖患病率较高,需大力加强肥胖的防治。     

Overweight, obesity, and elevated serum cystatin C levels in adults in the United States

Background

Although high body mass index (BMI) is a risk factor for hypertension, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease, limited data exist on the association of overweight and obesity with early stages of kidney disease.

Methods

Cross-sectional data for 5083 participants of the nationally representative Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey with an estimated glomerular filtration rate ≥ 60 mL/min/1.73 m² without micro- or macroalbuminuria were analyzed to determine the association between BMI and elevated serum cystatin C. Normal weight, overweight, class I obesity, and class II to III obesity were defined as a BMI of 18.5 to 24.9 kg/m², 25.0 to 29.9 kg/m², 30.0 to 34.9 kg/m², and ≥ 35.0 kg/m², respectively. Elevated serum cystatin C was defined as ≥ 1.09 mg/L (≥99th percentile for participants 20-39 years of age without diabetes, hypertension, micro- or macroalbuminuria, or stage 3-5 chronic kidney disease).

Results

The age-standardized prevalence of elevated serum cystatin C was 9.6%, 12.9%, 17.4%, and 21.5% among adults of normal weight, overweight, class I obesity, and class II to III obesity, respectively (P trend < .001). After multivariate adjustment for demographics, behaviors, systolic blood pressure, and serum biomarkers, and compared with participants of normal weight, the odds ratio (95% confidence interval) of elevated serum cystatin C was 1.46 (1.02-2.10) for overweight, 2.36 (1.56-3.57) for class I obesity, and 2.82 (1.56-5.11) for class II to III obesity.

Conclusion

A graded association exists between higher BMI and elevated serum cystatin C. Further research is warranted to assess whether reducing BMI favorably affects elevated serum cystatin C and the development of chronic kidney disease.     

Prevalence of overweight and obesity in Turkey

The objectives of this study were to determine the prevalence of overweight and obesity in Turkey, and to investigate their association with age, gender, and blood pressure. A crosssectional population-based study was performed. A total of 20,119 inhabitants (4975 women and 15,144 men, age > 20 years) from 11 Anatolian cities in four geographic regions were screened for body weight, height, and systolic and diastolic blood pressure between the years 1999 and 2000. The overall prevalence rate of overweight was 25.0% and of obesity was 19.4%. The prevalence of overweight among women was 24.3% and obesity 24.6%; 25.9% of men were overweight, and 14.4% were obese. Mean body mass index (BMI) of the studied population was 27.59 +/- 4.61 kg/m(2). Mean systolic and diastolic blood pressure for women were 131.0 +/- 41.0 and 80.2 +/- 16.3 mm Hg, and for men 135.0 +/- 27.3 and 83.2 +/- 16.0 mm Hg. There was a positive linear correlation between BMI and blood pressure, and between age and blood pressure in men and women. Obesity and overweight are highly prevalant in Turkey, and they constitute independent risk factors for hypertension.     

上海市6～18岁少儿肥胖患病率调查

目的　研究上海市 6～ 18岁年龄组的儿童青少年肥胖和超重患病率情况。　方法　采用整群系统抽样的方法随机抽取上海市区、郊区各一个区 ,普查区内所有中小学学生共 6 5 0 0 6名 (郊区 4 0 310名 ,市区 2 4 6 96名 )的身高、体重。以体质指数 (BMI)评价调查对象的肥胖患病率 ,并比较标化患病率的差异。　结果　 (1)调查对象肥胖粗患病率为 3 5 8% ,超重标化患病率为 3 30 % ;超重粗患病率达 13 2 5 % ,标化患病率为 12 95 %。 (2 )总体上肥胖和超重的标化患病率市区显著高于郊区 (肥胖 :P <0 0 0 1,超重 :P <0 0 0 1) ;女性的发病率显著低于男性 (肥胖 :P <0 0 0 1,超重 :P <0 0 0 1)。 (3)肥胖和超重患病率随年龄增加显著减低 (P <0 0 0 1)。　结论　本组的肥胖患病率稍高于我国 1996年全国性调查的 0～ 7岁组儿童肥胖患病率 ,远低于美国上世纪 90年代末期的水平 ;各年龄组肥胖患病率随年龄增加而逐渐减低 ,与西方发达国家青少年肥胖患病率随年龄增加而增高的趋势有显著的不同。