二甲双胍对原发性高血压伴糖耐量减低患者血压的影响

该研究观察二甲双胍单独或与苯那普利联合应用对原发性高血压(essential hypertension,EH)患者的降压作用。方法:将伴糖耐量减低非糖尿病EH患者120例随机分为二甲双胍组(59例)和苯那普利组(61例),分别以二甲双胍500mg,3次/d和苯那普利10mg,1次/d治疗。治疗1月后,对收缩压≥140mm Hg(1mm Hg=0.133kPa)和(或)舒张压≥90mm Hg者,给予上述2种药物联合治疗,剂量同上;达标者继     

二甲双胍治疗糖耐量减低者的疗效分析

2003年1月～2004年12月在浙江省东阳市横店镇集团医院就诊的IGT患者，口服二甲双胍片前后测定体重指数BMI及OGTT2h血糖值。结果 治疗后的体重指数BMI及OGTT2h血糖值较治疗前有明显下降。结论 二甲双胍干预治疗对糖耐量减低（IGT）患者有效。     

二甲双胍治疗糖耐量减低者的疗效分析

2003年1月～2004年12月在浙江省东阳市横店镇集团医院就诊的IGT患者,口服二甲双胍片前后测定体重指数BMI及OGTT2h血糖值.结果治疗后的体重指数BMI及OGTT2h血糖值较治疗前有明显下降.结论二甲双胍干预治疗对糖耐量减低(IGT)患者有效.     

二甲双胍对葡萄糖耐量减低脑梗死患者预后的影响

692例脑梗死患者中合并IGT患者175例,将其随机分为药物干预组(88例)和对照组(87例),糖耐量正常(NGT)的脑梗死患者90例为NGT组。三组均予相同基础治疗(阿司匹林肠溶片,100mg/d),干预组另外加予二甲双胍(1000 mg/d)。结果脑梗死再发率较对照组明显降低。结论二甲双胍可以降低脑梗死合并IGT患者再发脑梗死的风险。     

二甲双胍对伴葡萄糖耐量减低的缺血性脑血管病患者再发卒中的影响

葡萄糖耐量减低（IGT）是一种介于正常血糖和糖尿病之间的特殊代谢状态，是糖尿病自然病程中从正常糖代谢发展至糖尿病的一个重要中间阶段。二甲双胍对葡萄糖耐量减低的改善作用已很明确，然而二甲双胍能否减低缺血性脑血管病患者再次发生缺血性脑卒中的风险尚未见报道。本研究旨在探讨二甲双胍是否可以降低既往有缺血性脑血管病史的葡萄糖耐量减低患者再次发生脑卒中的风险。     

二甲双胍对原发性高血压伴糖耐量异常患者左心室舒张功能的影响研究

目的研究二甲双胍对原发性高血压伴糖耐量异常的患者左心室舒张功能的影响。方法选取60例原发性高血压伴糖耐量异常的患者。随机分为两组,A组30例在常规降血压治疗基础上服用二甲双胍治疗,B组30例仅给予常规降血压治疗。结果经治疗,A组患者较B组患者左心室舒张功能有所改善,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论二甲双胍对原发性高血压伴糖耐量异常的患者左心室舒张功能有一定的改善作用。     

苯那普利联合二甲双胍治疗原发性高血压伴胰岛素抵抗的临床观察

目的:观察苯那普利联合二甲双胍对原发性高血压伴胰岛素抵抗(IR)患者相关因素的影响。方法:将150例原发性高血压伴IR患者随机分为联合组和对照组。联合组给予苯那普利片加二甲双胍片。对照组单纯用苯那普利片。治疗前、后均作糖耐量试验、胰岛素释放试验及动态血压监测,观察治疗前后2组间血糖、血胰岛素、胰岛素敏感指数及动态血压的变化。结果:2组空腹血糖、空腹胰岛素及2 h胰岛素均无显著下降。联合组2h血糖下降显著,与对照组相比差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),2组用药后胰岛素敏感指数有显著升高(P<0.05),以联合组为显著(P<0.05),2组降压疗效均显著,但对照组降压药剂量比治疗组大。结论:对伴IR的高血压患者苯那普利联合二甲双胍可明显改善IR,能提高降压疗效,且能降低降压药用量。     

二甲双胍对合并高血压的糖耐量异常的干预研究

对144例合并高血压的IGT患者随机分为生活方式控制组（LC）,生活方式控制加二甲双胍组（LC＋M）两组,分析干预12月后各组IGT转化为正常糖耐量NGT和新发糖尿病的发生率以及高血压高血压与IGT、NGT、DM之间的关系。结果：两组干预治疗后,2hpG均明显降低（P〈0．01）与LC组比LC＋M组转化为NGT的人数明显增多（P〈0．01）,并且血压越达标,糖尿病发病率越低。结论：对伴有IGT的高血压患者,二甲双胍的干预可减少糖尿病的发生。     

二甲双胍对糖耐量减低患者血清C反应蛋白的影响

目的观察糖耐量减低(IGT)患者应用二甲双胍降糖治疗前后血清C反应蛋白(CRP)水平变化.方法口服75g葡萄糖耐量试验(OGTT)筛选出糖耐量正常(NGT)15例,IGT45例,对45例IGT患者进行为期20周的随机、双盲、安慰剂对照、二甲双胍(1.5g/d)干预治疗试验.血清CRP采用数率散射比浊法测定.结果(1)IGT患者血清CRP水平比NGT明显增高,分别为(5.89±0.52)和(4.72±0.65)mg/L(P＜0.01).(2)在IGT患者,应用二甲双胍治疗20周后,血清CRP水平从5.99±0.82mg/L下降到4.78+0.43mg/L(P＜0.05),对照组从5.92±0.85mg/L下降到5.72±0.68mg/L(P＞0.05).结论①糖耐量减低时,血清CRP水平已经开始升高;②在IGT患者,应用二甲双胍降糖治疗后,随着糖代谢的改善,血清CRP水平也下降.     

盐酸二甲双胍对原发性高血压伴糖耐量减低患者的疗效观察

目的 :观察二甲双胍对原发性高血压 (EH)伴糖耐量减低 (IGT)患者糖代谢、胰岛素敏感性的影响。方法 :4 3例EH伴IGT患者分组进行非诺地平降压治疗 (Ⅰ组 )和非诺地平降压加二甲双胍治疗 (Ⅱ组 ) ,比较两组患者治疗前后糖代谢、胰岛素敏感性、脂代谢和体重指数的变化。结果 :Ⅱ组患者IGT、胰岛素敏感性明显改善 ,与Ⅰ组比较 ,差异有统计学意义 (P <0 .0 5 ) ;血脂水平、体重指数较Ⅰ组也有所下降 ,但两组比较差异无统计学意义 (P >0 .0 5 )。结论 :二甲双胍能较好地用于EH伴IGT患者的干预治疗     

Effect of metformin on patients with impaired glucose tolerance.

AIMS: To evaluate the effect of metformin on glucose metabolism, insulin sensitivity and rate of conversion diabetes in people with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT). METHODS: Seventy subjects with IGT were randomized under double-blind conditions to receive either placebo (n = 37) or metformin (n = 33) at a dosage of 250 mg three times daily for a duration of 12 months. Glycaemic control, plasma insulin and other biochemical indexes were assessed before and after 3, 6 and 12 months. RESULT: At 12 months the conversion rate to diabetes was 16.2% in the placebo group compared to 3.0% for the metformin group (P = 0.011). Of subjects treated with metformin for 12 months, 84.9% became normoglycaemic compared to 51.4% of those receiving the placebo. Significant improvements in fasting glucose, glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity were found at 12 months and at intermediate clinic assessments. CONCLUSIONS: Metformin can improve glucose metabolism in IGT patients and may be a treatment option in their management of IGT subjects.     

Metabolic effects of metformin in patients with impaired glucose tolerance.

AIMS: To assess the effect of metformin on insulin sensitivity, glucose tolerance and components of the metabolic syndrome in patients with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT). METHODS: Forty first-degree relatives of patients with Type 2 diabetes fulfilling WHO criteria for IGT and participating in the Botnia study in Finland were randomized to treatment with either metformin 500 mg b.i.d. or placebo for 6 months. An oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and a euglycaemic hyperinsulinaemic clamp in combination with indirect calorimetry was performed at 0 and 6 months. The patients were followed after stopping treatment for another 6 months in an open trial and a repeat OGTT was performed at 12 months. RESULTS: Metformin treatment resulted in a 20% improvement in insulin-stimulated glucose metabolism (from 28.7 +/- 13 to 34.4 +/- 10.7 micromol/kg fat-free mass (FFM)/min) compared with placebo (P = 0.01), which was primarily due to an increase in glucose oxidation (from 16.6 +/- 3.6 to 19.1 +/- 4.4 micromol/kg FFM; P = 0.03) These changes were associated with a minimal improvement in glucose tolerance, which was maintained after 12 months. CONCLUSIONS: Metformin improves insulin sensitivity in subjects with IGT primarily by reversal of the glucose fatty acid cycle. Obviously large multicentre studies are needed to establish whether these effects are sufficient to prevent progression to manifest Type 2 diabetes and associated cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Diabet. Med. 18, 578-583 (2001)     

贝那普利对高血压合并糖耐量低减患者血管舒张功能的影响

目的探讨贝那普利对高血压合并糖耐量低减（1GT）患者血管内皮依赖性舒张功能的影响。方法贝那普利10～20mg／d治疗高血压合并IGT患者40例,共6个月,分析治疗前后血压、空腹血糖（FPG）、糖负荷后2h血糖（2hPG）、空腹胰岛素（FINS）、胰岛素抵抗指数（HOMA—IR）、血浆一氧化氮（NO）的变化,利用高频超声血管技术检测贝那普利治疗前后肱动脉内皮依赖性舒张功能（EDD）,计算其舒张内径的变化率（D）。结果与治疗前比较,治疗后患者的收缩压下降（P〈0．01）,舒张压、FINS、HOMA—IR下降（P〈0．05）,血浆NO水平、D升高（P〈0．05）。治疗前后D变化值（AD）分别与FINS、HOMA—IR、NO及它们的变化值AFINS、AHOMA—IR、ANO相关。结论贝那普利对高血压合并IGT患者在有效降压的同时,能明显改善内皮依赖性舒张功能。     

Metformin treatment leads to an increase in basal, but not insulin-stimulated, glucose disposal in obese patients with impaired glucose tolerance.

AIMS: This study was initiated to test the hypothesis that metformin treatment leads to enhanced glucose disposal at ambient insulin concentrations. METHODS: Nineteen obese patients with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) were treated with either metformin or placebo in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over study. Insulin secretion and insulin resistance were quantified using the homeostasis model assessment (HOMA) and insulin-stimulated glucose disposal were measured by determining the steady-state plasma glucose (SSPG). RESULTS: The average benefit of metformin was 0.6 mmol/l for glucose (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.2-0.9 P = 0.002), 2.8 pmol/l for insulin (95% CI 0.2-5.4, P = 0.019). Insulin resistance, as quantified by HOMA, was improved by 1.1 (95% CI 0.2-2.0, P = 0.004), without any change in insulin secretion. Basal and insulin-stimulated glucose oxidation were comparable in the placebo and metformin-treated groups at the end of each treatment period, as was the SSPG concentration. However, both systolic and diastolic blood pressures fell significantly following metformin administration as compared to treatment with placebo. CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate that metformin administration to patients with IGT is associated with enhanced glucose disposal at baseline insulin concentrations and a fall in blood pressure. In contrast, neither glucose oxidation nor glucose disposal were increased in association with metformin treatment under conditions of physiological hyperinsulinaemia.     

糖耐量异常对原发性高血压患者血压变异性的影响

目的观察糖耐量异常对原发性高血压患者血压变异性的影响情况。方法入选正常血压及原发性高血压患者260例,按动态血压水平及是否合并糖耐量异常分为正常血压组（n=68）,正常血压合并糖耐量异常组（n=60）,原发性高血压组（n=70）,原发性高血压合并糖耐量异常组（n=62）。所有受试者进行24小时动态血压监测,观察各组血压变异性特点。结果原发性高血压合并糖耐量异常组24小时收缩压变异系数[（0.12±0.03）vs.（0.10±0.02）]、白天收缩压标准差[（15.37±2.66）vs.（13.34±2.27）]、变异系数[（0.12±0.02）vs.（0.10±0.02）]均高于原发性高血压组（P〈0.01）;正常血压合并糖耐量异常组与正常血压组各时间段血压标准差、变异系数差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。结论糖耐量异常影响原发性高血压人群血压变异性（以收缩压为主）,对正常血压人群无明显影响。     

依那普利对原发性高血压糖耐量低减的影响

目的：了解依那普利对原发性高血压糖耐量低减的影响。方法：37例原发性高血压伴糖耐量低减的患者,于依那普利降压治疗3周后,测量治疗前后空腹血糖,血胰岛素,口服葡萄糖耐量试验（OGTT）2h血糖,血胰岛素,胰岛素敏感性指数（ISI）,糖化血红蛋白（HbA1c),总胆 醇和甘油三酯等指标。结果：治疗后OGTT2h血糖和空腹血胰岛素显著降低（P＜0．05）,ISI升高（P＜0．01）。结论：依那普利可改善原发性高血压病人的糖耐量低减。     

糖代谢异常对原发性高血压患者左心室功能的影响

目的 探讨糖代谢异常（impaired glucose metabolism,IGM）对原发性高血压（essential hypertension,EH）患者左心室收缩和舒张功能的影响。方法选取46例单纯EH（单纯EH组）及36例合并2型糖尿病（T2DM）的EH患者（合并T2DM组）,检测其血糖、血脂、血尿酸、纤维蛋白原等代谢参数,同时行心脏超声多普勒获取左心室收缩及舒张功能参数。对比2组患者的各项代谢参数及左心室收缩与舒张功能参数的差异,并对左心室功能异常的EH患者与无左心室功能异常的EH患者糖代谢状态进行分析。结果合并T2DM组患者体质量指数、空腹血糖、餐后2h血糖（PBG）、糖化血红蛋白（HbAlc）、三酰甘油、总胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇、载脂蛋白B、尿酸及纤维蛋白原等水平均显著高于单纯EH组（P〈0．05或P〈O．01）。心脏超声多普勒检查结果显示,所有EH患者均未出现左心室收缩功能不全（左心室射血分数〈40％）,而合并T2DM组左心室舒张功能障碍发生率显著高于单纯EH组（P〈O．05）。进一步分析发现,左心室舒张功能障碍EH患者合并T2DM的发病率显著高于无左心室舒张功能障碍的EH患者,且出现左心室舒张功能障碍的EH患者空腹血糖及HbAlc水平均显著高于无左心室舒张功能障碍的EH患者（P均〈0．01）,但2者之间PBG的差异则无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论糖代谢异常可加重EH患者左心室功能不全,尤其是早期心脏舒张功能障碍;改善EH患者的糖代谢状态,可能有助于延缓其左心功能异常的出现。     

Rosiglitazone improves insulin sensitivity, glucose tolerance and ambulatory blood pressure in subjects with impaired glucose tolerance.

AIMS: To determine the effects of rosiglitazone on insulin sensitivity, glucose tolerance and ambulatory blood pressure when administered to subjects with persistent impaired glucose tolerance (IGT). METHODS: Eighteen subjects with persistent IGT were randomized to receive rosiglitazone 4 mg twice daily or matching placebo for 12 weeks. Evaluation at baseline and at the end of treatment included measurement of whole body insulin sensitivity during a euglycaemic hyperinsulinaemic clamp and deriving an insulin sensitivity index. Changes in glucose and insulin concentration were determined after oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and mixed meal tolerance tests, and 24-h ambulatory blood pressure was monitored. RESULTS: Rosiglitazone significantly improved the insulin sensitivity index by 2.26 micro g/kg per min per pmol/l relative to placebo (P = 0.0003). Four of nine subjects receiving rosiglitazone reverted to normal glucose tolerance and 5/9 remained IGT, although four of these had improved 2-h glucose values. In the placebo group, 1/9 subjects progressed to Type 2 diabetes and 8/9 remained IGT. Following OGTT and meal tolerance test, glucose and insulin area under curve were reduced over 3 and 4 h, respectively. Compared with placebo, ambulatory blood pressure decreased significantly in the rosiglitazone group by 10 mmHg systolic (P = 0.0066) and 8 mmHg diastolic (P = 0.0126). CONCLUSIONS: Consistent with its effects in patients with Type 2 diabetes, rosiglitazone substantially improved whole body insulin sensitivity and the glycaemic and insulinaemic responses to an OGTT and meal tolerance test in subjects with persistent IGT. Furthermore, rosiglitazone reduced systolic and diastolic ambulatory blood pressure in these subjects.     

绝经后女性高血压伴糖耐量减低患者骨密度分析

目的:观察绝经后女性原发性高血压(EH)伴糖耐量减低(IGT)对骨密度(BMD)的影响,并探讨其可能发病机制.方法:入选绝经后女性107例,其中单纯IGT组(A组)28例、EH伴IGT组(B组)24例、对照组(C组)55例.比较A组和B组骨质疏松的患病率、检测3组实验室指标与各部位BMD,并分析各部位BMD与相关危险因素之间的相关性.结果:B组腰椎骨质疏松患病构成比高于A组(P＜0.05);B组L1、L2、L3、L4的BMD显著低于A组(P＜0.05);A、B组L2、L3、L4、Ward's三角区的BMD均低于C组(P＜0.05).绝经年限、餐后2 h血糖、体质指数与BMD相关.结论:绝经后EH伴IGT女性部分腰椎、Ward's三角区的BMD显著降低,BMD与绝经年限、餐后2 h血糖水平、平均动脉压呈直线负相关;与体质指数呈正相关.     

红细胞体积分布宽度与糖代谢异常/糖耐量异常和糖尿病相关

目的探讨红细胞体积分布宽度（RDW）与2型糖尿病（T2DM）、空腹血糖受损／葡萄糖耐量异常（IFG／IGT）的相互关系。方法对152例在我院定期进行健康体检或治疗的患者,依据血糖情况分为3组,其中T2DM组42例,IFG／IGT组38例,正常对照（NGT）组72例,采取空腹血,采用全自动血液分析仪测定RDW、血红蛋白,多功能血生化自动分析仪测定血总胆固醇、三酰甘油、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇、血肌酐、血尿素氮和空腹血糖,同时统计高血压、冠心病的发病率并分析其关系。结果RDW在T2DM组、IFG／IGT组和NGT组之间比较具有统计学差异,其中T2DM组和NGT组、IFG／IGT组比较,差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．05或P〈0．01）,IFG／IGT组与NGT组比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。多因素直线回归分析显示空腹血糖（P〈0．01）和高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（P〈0．05）是RDW的独立危险因子。结论T2DM患者RDW升高,RDW的变化与空腹血糖水平相关。