伊贝沙坦对高血压左室肥厚患者的左室结构的影响

目的 研究伊贝沙坦对高血压左室肥厚（LVH）患者的左室结构的影响。方法 60例原发性高血压左室肥厚患者随机分为2组：治疗组每天口服伊贝沙坦150mg，对照组每天口服氨氯地平5mg。平均12个月，观察用药后血压、左室结构的变化。结果 用药后2组收缩压（SBP）和舒张压（DBP）均显著降低（P〈0．01）；室间隔厚度（IVST）及左室后壁厚度（LYPWT）均变薄（P〈0．01），左室重量指数（LYMI）明显减少（P〈0．01），对照组各项指标无明显变化（P〈0．05）。结论 对原发性高血压左室肥厚的患者，长期应用伊贝沙坦具有良好降压效果，同时还可逆转LVH，改善患者预后。     

血糖及胰岛素水平对老年高血压患者左室舒张功能的影响

目的探讨血糖、胰岛素水平和肥胖对老年高血压患者左心舒张功能的影响。方法检测３６例健康老年人、２８例单纯肥胖者、３８例高血压及４２例高血压合并肥胖者的血糖、胰岛素及糖化血红蛋白浓度，４组中各有２０例做口服葡萄糖耐量及胰岛素释放试验；均行多普勒超声心动图检查。结果各组射血分数和心脏指数均正常。高血压组二尖瓣舒张早、晚期峰值比（Ｅ／Ａ）明显下降，等容舒张时间明显延长，以合并肥胖者尤为明显（均为Ｐ＜０００５）。Ｅ／Ａ值与空腹血糖相关（ｒ＝０６７，Ｐ＜０００５），与血清胰岛素及左室重量无关。结论肥胖及糖耐量异常可加重老年高血压患者左室舒张功能障碍     

瑞舒伐他汀对高血压患者左心室功能的影响

目的探讨瑞舒伐他汀对高血压患者左心室功能的影响。方法入选40～79岁血脂正常的1级或2级高血压患者168例,随机分瑞舒伐他汀治疗组(n=86)及对照组(n=82),治疗组在降压基础上加用瑞舒伐他汀(10mg/d,1次/晚),对照组常规降压治疗。随访12月,观察2组患者治疗前后血压、血脂、高敏C反应蛋白(hsCRP)的变化。采用核素心血池显像和彩色多普勒2种技术检查左心室功能参数的变化。结果随访2月时,与对照组比较,治疗组血压[收缩压(128.1±4.3)比(133.8±4.9)mmHg;舒张压(73.7±4.0)比(77.9±4.1)mmHg]下降更明显(P<0.05),血脂[总胆固醇(3.28±0.51)比(4.22±0.64)mmol/L;三酰甘油(1.02±0.23)比(1.21±0.31)mmol/L]改善明显(P<0.05),hsCRP及左心室功能参数[左心室高峰充盈率(LVPFR);左心室舒张末容积(LVEDV);左心室射血分数以及二尖瓣血流舒张早期与晚期最大流速比值(E/A)改善不明显(P>0.05);随访12月时与对照组比较,治疗组血压[收缩压(126.0±4.9)比(133.2±3.5)mmHg;舒张压(75.0±3.2)比(78.2±3.1)mmHg]降低(P<0.05)和hsCRP[(1.51±0.25)比(1.96±0.36)mmol/L]明显下降(P<0.05),左心室功能参数[LVPFR(2.78±0.21)比(2.08±0.43);LVEDV(108.5±7.2)比(133.0±9.0)mL;左心室射血分数(64.79±10.12)比(61.52±8.42)%;E/A(1.21±0.08)比(1.02±0.15)]明显改善(P<0.05)。结论对血脂正常的高血压患者,规范降压治疗基础上加用常规剂量瑞舒伐他汀能改善左心室功能。     

Adiponectin, insulin resistance, and left ventricular structure in dipper and nondipper essential hypertensive patients

BACKGROUND: Adiponectin is an adipocyte-derived protein with insulin-sensitizing and antiatherogenic properties. Failure to decrease blood pressure (BP) normally during night in hypertensive patients has been independently associated with left ventricular hypertrophy. METHODS: We examined the relationship between adiponectin levels, insulin sensitivity, and left ventricular structure in 40 newly diagnosed never-treated patients with essential hypertension, including 20 patients with a normal night-time pressure decrease (ie, dippers) and 20 patients with BP persistently elevated throughout the 24-h period (ie, nondippers). All subjects had grade 1-2 hypertension, aged 18 to 65 years, no diabetes mellitus, no obesity, no hyperlipidemia, and no cardiopulmonary, renal, or hepatic disease. RESULTS: The two groups of patients were similar for age, sex, body mass index, and had no differences for clinic, 24-h, and diurnal BP, and 24-h, diurnal, and nocturnal heart rate, as well as glucose, total cholesterol, and triglyceride levels. Plasma insulin and homeostasis model assessment (HOMA index) were higher (P < .01), and adiponectin levels were lower (P < .005) in nondippers than in dippers. Adiponectin correlated inversely with HOMA index and insulin levels (r = -0.58, and r = -0.62, respectively, P < .001) in the entire population. Nondippers showed left ventricular mass, relative wall thickness, and measure of early and late diastolic peak flow velocity ratio similar to those of dippers. CONCLUSIONS: In the absence of major cardiovascular risk factors, nondipper essential hypertensive patients show more prominent insulin resistance and lower adiponectin compared to dippers. Therapeutic modulation of adiponectin or insulin resistance might provide additional benefit to the conventional antihypertensive treatment.     

普伐他汀对胰岛素抵抗Wistar大鼠左室重量的影响

目的：探讨普伐他汀对高蔗糖饲料喂养诱导的胰岛素抵抗Wistar大鼠左室重量的影响及其可能机制。方法：雄性Wistar大鼠被分成3组：（1）胰岛素抵抗组（IR组,10只）：高蔗糖饲料喂养12周;（2）普伐他汀组（P组,10只）：高蔗糖饲料喂养12周,后4周每只每天加普伐他汀smg／kg灌喂;（3）正常对照组（5只）：普通饲料喂养12周。12周后量血压、断尾留取血标本检测血糖、血脂、血清胰岛素水平;处死动物,留取心肌标本检测左室相对重量（LVRW）、心肌内皮素（ET）和血管紧张素Ⅱ（AngⅡ）水平。结果：与对照组比较,IR组大鼠LVRW、心肌ET和AngⅡ水平明显升高,而胰岛素敏感指数（ISI）则明显降低（P均〈0．01）;体重和血压差异没有显著性（P〉0．05）。普伐他汀干预后的Wistar大鼠除了血压、心肌AngⅡ水平无显著差异外,心肌ET水平,LVRW均较IR组明显减少．胰岛素敏感指数（ISI）则明显回升（P〈0．01）。结论：普伐他汀可改善胰岛素抵抗Wistar大鼠的左室肥厚．其机制可能与改善胰岛索抵抗及减少局部心肌ET水平有关。     

高血压患者直立性低血压对左心室结构的影响

目的探讨高血压患者直立性低血压(OH)下降与昼夜节律、左心室结构及功能的相关性。方法选择原发性高血压患者256例,根据诊断分为OH组89例和非OH组167例。对所有受试者进行卧、立位血压测定、24h动态血压监测以及超声心动图检查。结果与非OH组比较,OH组24h平均收缩压、夜间平均收缩压明显升高[(141.66±17.15)mm Hg vs(137.49±16.58)mm Hg,P0.05;(136.73±13.52)mm Hg vs(126.19±12.88)mm Hg,P0.01;1mm Hg=0.133kPa];夜间收缩压下降率、夜间舒张压下降率明显降低[(6.63±3.15)%vs(11.43±3.67)%,P0.01;(5.33±2.84)%vs(7.15±3.01)%,P0.01);OH组左心室舒张末内径、舒张期室间隔厚度、左心室收缩末内径及左心室质量指数明显升高,LVEF及每搏输出量明显降低,差异有统计学意义(P0.05,P0.01)。结论 OH对高血压患者昼夜节律、左心室结构及功能产生影响。     

Sex-related differences in the relations of insulin resistance and obesity to left ventricular hypertrophy in Japanese hypertensive patients.

Echocardiographically determined left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy is a powerful, independent predictor of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Both insulin resistance and obesity have a well-known association with LV hypertrophy. However, whether or not there are sex-related differences in the relations of insulin resistance and obesity to LV hypertrophy has never been systematically explored in Japan. We enrolled 91 never-treated hypertensive patients (49 men and 42 women) to assess the possible relations of insulin resistance and obesity to LV geometry. Insulin resistance was estimated using the homeostasis model assessment (HOMA) formula. Echocardiographically determined LV mass and relative wall thickness were measured as markers of LV geometry. In addition, body mass index (BMI) was calculated as weight (kg) divided by height (m)2 as a marker of obesity. Independent determinants of LV mass in male hypertensive patients were HOMA value (p < 0.0001) and age (p = 0.034). BMI did not bear a significant relation to LV mass. In comparison, in female hypertensive patients BMI was an independent determinant of LV mass (p = 0.011). The HOMA value did not bear a significant relation to LV mass in the female hypertensive patients. In conclusion, these findings indicate the presence of sex-related differences in the relations of insulin resistance and obesity to LV hypertrophy in Japanese hypertensive patients. The effect of obesity on LV geometry was greater in female hypertensive patients than in male hypertensive patients.     

西拉普利对高血压病患者胰岛素抵抗和左室肥厚的影响

目的　探讨原发性高血压患者经西拉普利治疗后其血胰岛素抵抗及左室肥厚的变化。 方法　对31例高血压病患者和20例健康对照者测定空腹及餐后2小时血糖、胰岛素、C肽值,计算胰岛素敏感性指数,进行超声心动图检查。高血压病患者接受西拉普利降压治疗20周后,复查上述指标并与用药前进行对比分析。 结果　西拉普利对高血压病患者能够显著降低血压,提高胰岛素敏感性指数,室间隔厚度、左心室后壁厚度、左室心肌重量及左室重量指数较治疗前显著改善(P<0.01)。 结论　胰岛素抵抗可能是高血压病患者合并左室肥厚的诱发因素之一。西拉普利在降压的同时,具有改善其胰岛素抵抗和左室肥厚的作用。     

降脂治疗对老年原发性高血压患者胰岛素抵抗的影响

目的：探讨老年原发性高血压伴高胆固醇血症者行降脂治疗对其胰岛素抵抗（IR）的影响。方法：73例老年原发性高血压伴高胆固醇血症者随机分为治疗组（37例）及对照组（36例）,在行低脂饮食及抗高血压治疗同时观察治疗组用辛伐他丁（5～10mg/d）前及4个月后的血脂、高腹血糖、胰岛素和肝、肾功能的变化。结果：治疗组降脂治疗后血胆固醇下降12．7％,甘油三酯下降9．5％,低密度脂蛋大醇下降11．9％,高密度脂蛋白胆固醇上升了9．0％,胰岛素敏感指数（ISI）显著提高（P＜0．05）;而对照组血脂水平虽有下降,但无显著性意义,ISI亦无明显变化。结论：老年原发性高血压伴高胆固醇血症者用辛伐他丁治疗不仅可降脂,同时可显著改善基胰岛素抵抗。     

The relationship between left ventricular mass and insulin resistance in obese patients

ObjectiveIn this study, we investigated the relationship between left ventricular mass and insulin resistance in obese patients.MethodsA total of 90 subjects, 66 women, and 24 men, with an age range from 24 to 56 years, were enrolled in the study. Forty-nine patients were in the obesity group whose body mass index (BMI) was >29.9 kg/m² and 41 subjects were in the control group with a BMI <25 kg/m². All of them were normotensive, nondiabetic, and did not have any cardiovascular disease. They were not taking any medication. Weight, height, and waist circumference were measured and BMI was calculated. Plasma glucose, insulin, serum total, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, and triglyceride levels were measured, and insulin resistance was calculated via homeostasis model of assessment-estimated insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). Subjects were examined by echocardiography and left ventricular mass (LVM) and index (LVMI) were calculated with Devereux formula.ResultsInsulin levels, HOMA-IR, LVM, and LVMI were significantly higher in obesity group (p < 0.01). Fasting glucose, triglyceride, fasting insulin levels, and waist circumference did not correlate with LVMI.ConclusionIn conclusion, though findings of the present study suggest increased left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) in obese subjects compared to controls, it appears that the increased LVM or LVH is not linked to BMI and insulin resistance in this study population.     

Effect of insulin resistance on left ventricular hypertrophy and dysfunction in essential hypertension.

BACKGROUND: In hypertensive patients, the relationships between glucose tolerance and left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) and left ventricular diastolic function (LVDF) have been described in several reports. OBJECTIVE: In this study, we examined the relationships between insulin resistance and LVH and LVDF in hypertensive patients from the therapeutic perspective. METHODS AND RESULTS: The study participants were essential hypertensive patients with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT-HT, n = 26), hypertensive patients with normal glucose tolerance (NGT-HT, n = 39), and normotensive control individuals (n = 18). Insulin resistance was evaluated by the insulin suppression test by use of the steady-state plasma glucose (SSPG) level. Left ventricular mass index (LVMI) and LVDF, which was determined by the E:A ratio, were estimated by echocardiography. Temocapril, an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor, was administered in an open, non-randomized manner with a mean dose of 2.8+/-0.2 mg/ day, and the mean administration period was 18 weeks. The systolic and diastolic blood pressure, the LVMI, and the SSPG level were significantly higher in the hypertensive patients than in the control individuals. The mean systolic and diastolic blood pressures were significantly decreased by treatment with Temocapril. Before treatment, stepwise regression analysis showed that SSPG is an independent predictor for LVMI and LVDF. After treatment, the changes in LVMI (D-LVMI; %) (-15.1+/-1.5), the changes in LVDF (D-E:A; %) (-38.2+/-4.1), and the changes in insulin resistance (D-SSPG; %) (-13.7+/-1.7) were significantly higher in the IGT-HT group than in the NGT-HT group (-11.4+/-1.1, -18.1+/-1.7, -9.4+/-1.4, respectively), and the D-SSPG was an independent predictor for D-LVMI and D-E :A. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study indicate that insulin resistance is an important factor affecting LVH and LVDF.     

Regression of left ventricular hypertrophy and cardiovascular risk changes in hypertensive patients.

Hypertensive left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) may be detected in about one third of people with hypertension. When an individual with elevated blood pressure develops LVH, the risk of adverse cardiovascular events in the ensuing years almost doubles even in the absence of symptoms. Because of this high added risk, hypertension and other modifiable risk factors should be managed aggressively with lifestyle measures and drugs. LVH can be considered a biological assay which reflects and integrates the long-term exposure not only to pressure overload, but also to several hemodynamic and non-hemodynamic factors which may promote progression and instabilization of atherosclerotic lesions and, ultimately, lead to adverse clinical events. LVH can partially or totally regress following antihypertensive treatment and lifestyle changes including losing excessive weight and decreasing salt intake. Angiotensin II antagonists and ACE-inhibitors seem to be the most effective drugs for reversing LVH. Evidence is accumulating that regression of LVH is associated with a significant reduction in the subsequent risk of cardiovascular disease. According to a recent meta-analysis, effective reversal of LVH is associated with a 59% lesser risk of subsequent adverse events as compared with the persistence or new development of LVH.     

Impaired left ventricular functional reserve in hypertensive patients with left ventricular hypertrophy

To determine whether patients with hypertension and especially those with left ventricular hypertrophy have subtle changes in cardiac function, we measured the increase in left ventricular ejection fraction and in systolic blood pressure to end-systolic volume index ratio with exercise in 40 hypertensive patients and 16 age-matched normotensive volunteers. Twenty-two hypertensive patients without hypertrophy had normal end-systolic wall stress at rest and exercise responses. In contrast, the 18 patients with echocardiographic criteria for left ventricular hypertrophy demonstrated a significant increase in end-systolic wall stress at rest compared with normal subjects (69 +/- 16 vs. 55 +/- 15 10(3) x dyne/cm2, p less than 0.05) despite having normal resting left ventricular size and ejection fraction. In patients with left ventricular hypertrophy, the increase in ejection fraction with exercise was less than in the normotensive control subjects (7 +/- 7 vs. 12 +/- 8 units, p less than 0.05), and delta systolic blood pressure to end-systolic volume with exercise was reduced (3.3 +/- 3.8 vs. 8.3 +/- 7.7 mm Hg/ml/m2, p less than 0.05). The hypertensive patients with hypertrophy displayed a shift downward and to the right in the relation between systolic blood pressure to end-systolic volume ratio and end-systolic wall stress compared with control subjects and hypertensive patients without left ventricular hypertrophy. Thus, hypertensive patients with left ventricular hypertrophy by echocardiography and normal resting ejection fraction exhibit abnormal ventricular functional responses to exercise. This finding may have implications in identifying patients at higher risk for developing heart failure.     

以左室质量百分比探讨高血压病左室重构与胰岛素抵抗、血脂异常的关系

目的:以左室质量百分比（%PLM）为基础,探讨原发性高血压（EH）患者左室重构与胰岛素抵抗、血脂异常的关系。方法:90例EH患者和60例正常对照者为研究对象,利用彩色多普勒分别记录舒张期室间隔厚度（IVSTD）、舒张末期左室后壁厚度（LVPWTD）、舒张末期左室内径（LVEDd）、收缩末期左室内径（LVESd）、左室射血分数（LVEF）、左室短轴缩短率（FS）、每搏心输出量（SV）,按照公式计算出体质量指数、左室质量实测值、左室质量预测值及%PLM,并测定空腹血糖（FBG）及空腹胰岛素（FINS）,计算出胰岛素（IR,IR=FBG×FINS/22.5）。左室重构按%PLM将其分为左室质量适宜（73%128%）、左室质量过高（>128%）、左室质量不足（<73%）等3型。分析3种类型的左室重构IR、血脂之间的关系。结果:①左室质量适宜组、左室质量过高组、左室质量不足组3组的病程呈逐渐延长趋势,左室质量适宜组、左室质量过高组的LVEF、FS低于正常对照组,而左室质量不足组的LVEF、FS高于正常对照组（P<0.05）;②同正常组相比,EH组的FINS及IR值增高显著（P<0.01,或P<0.05）,尤以左室质量过高组更为显著,其FINS、IR均高于左室质量适宜组、左室质量不足组;③同正常组相比,高血压组的TG、TC、LDL明显升高,HDL显著下降（P<0.05,P<0.01）,进一步分析发现,左室质量不足组、左室质量过高组均存在血脂异常,尤以左室质量过高组为明显,而左室质量适宜组的血脂指标比正常对照组虽然升高,但无显著性差异。结论:左室质量适宜、左室质量过高型EH的LVEF、FS均降低,而左室质量不足型EH的LVEF、FS均升高;左室质量适宜、左室质量过高、左室质量不足等3型EH均存在胰岛素抵抗,除左室质量适宜型外,其余二型均有血脂异常;胰岛素抵抗程度、血脂异常在左室质量过高型EH尤为突出。     

高血压病左心室构型对房室性心律失常的影响

目的探讨高血压病左室重构不同构型对房、室性心律失常发生及其严重程度的影响。方法入选高血压病患者153例,均经24小时动态心电图检查判定心律失常情况,超声心动图检查分析左心室构型。根据超声心动图检查结果分为4组:正常构型组（31例）,向心性重构型组（45例）,向心性肥厚型组（42例）和离心性肥厚型组（35例）;比较左心室不同构型间心律失常发生率和严重程度的差异。结果①共检出房性心律失常105例（占68.6%）,室性心律失常74例（占48.4%）,两组有统计学差异（P<0.05）。②不管是房性心律失常、复杂房性心律失常,还是室性心律失常、复杂室性心律失常,他们在高血压病左室重构不同构型组间的发生率均有显著差异（P<0.05）,且以向心性肥厚型组和离心性肥厚型组的发生率最高（P<0.05）。结论高血压病左室重构不同构型间心律失常的发生及严重程度存在差异,且向心性肥厚型和离心性肥厚型易发生复杂房、室性心律失常。     

长期应用依那普利对高血压病患者左室结构及功能影响

观察了28例Ⅱ期高血压病患者平均口服依那普利平均22个月后左室结构及功能改变。结果显示：用药后血压降低总有效率为89．3％，心率无变化。用药后空间隔、左室后壁及左定重量指数均明显下降（P＜0．05），A峰速度及A／E比值明显下降，E峰速度明显增高（P＜0．05）。提示：依那曾利长期治疗可有效降压，并同时逆转左室肥厚，改善左室舒张功能。     

Effect of diuretic therapy on ventricular arrhythmias in hypertensive patients with or without left ventricular hypertrophy

Recent studies have suggested that hypertensive patients with ECG evidence of left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) may have increased risk of sudden death when treated with diuretics. In the present study echocardiography was used as a more sensitive index for the presence of LVH. Thirty-one patients with uncomplicated hypertension underwent 48-hour ambulatory ECG monitoring both before any treatment and after 4 weeks of hydrochlorothiazide, (HCTZ), 100 mg daily. In 18 patients with left ventricular posterior wall thickness (LVPWT) greater than or equal to 13 mm (average = 14.4 +/- 0.2 mm) on echocardiogram, plasma potassium decreased from 4.1 +/- 0.3 to 3.3 +/- 0.4 mEq/L with HCTZ (p less than 0.01). Premature ventricular contractions (PVCs) averaged 5.7 +/- 9.9/hr at baseline and 7.1 +/- 16.6/hr following HCTZ (p = NS). The total number of couplets was 29 before and 13 after HCTZ, while four brief runs of ventricular tachycardia occurred only before treatment. In the remaining 13 patients with LVPWT less than or equal to 12 mm (average = 11.2 +/- 0.1 mm), plasma potassium decreased from 4.1 +/- 0.3 to 3.4 +/- 0.5 mEq/L with HCTZ (p less than 0.01). The average number of PVCs was 4.3 +/- 8.0/hr after HCTZ (p = NS). One couplet and one 3-beat run of ventricular tachycardia occurred before and one 3-beat run of ventricular tachycardia after HCTZ. Although more complex arrhythmias were noted in the LVH group, the differences were not statistically significant. These results indicate that thiazide therapy does not increase ventricular arrhythmias either in patients with or without LVH.     

Impaired left ventricular synchronicity in hypertensive patients with ventricular hypertrophy

OBJECTIVES: The influence of left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) on left ventricular synchronicity, and the prevalence of left ventricular dyssynchrony in hypertensive patients with LVH are unknown. The purpose of this study was to determine the influence of LVH on left ventricular synchronicity in hypertensive subjects. METHOD: Tissue Doppler imaging (TDI) was performed in 115 hypertensive and 30 control individuals. Hypertensive patients were divided into a LVH group and a non-LVH group according to the left ventricular mass index (LVMI). Diastolic and systolic asynchrony was determined by measuring the maximal differences in time to peak myocardial systolic contraction (Ts-max) and early diastolic relaxation (Te-max) between any two of the left ventricular segments and the standard deviation of time to peak myocardial systolic contraction and early diastolic relaxation of all 12 segments. RESULTS: Ts-max was greater in both the non-LVH and LVH groups than in controls, (96.68 +/- 26.21 versus 79.30 +/- 25.19 versus 53.20 +/- 15.24 ms, both P < 0.001) and in the LVH group than in the non-LVH group (96.68 +/- 26.21 versus 79.30 +/- 25.19 ms, P < 0.01). Te-max was prolonged in both patient groups, being most advance in the LVH group (67.39 +/- 11.01 versus 57.18 +/- 11.42 versus 46.72 +/- 13.24 ms, both P < 0.001 versus control group and P < 0.001 versus non-LVH group). LVH patients had shown a greater prevalence of both systolic and diastolic asynchrony than non-LVH patients. A Ts-max value greater than 88 ms had 68% sensitivity and 71% specificity for detecting hypertensive patients with LVH. CONCLUSION: Left ventricular systolic synchronicity was impaired in hypertensive patients with LVH. TDI was shown to be useful for the detection of myocardial abnormalities in such patients.     

Effect of amlodipine-atorvastatin combination on fibrinolysis in hypertensive hypercholesterolemic patients with insulin resistance

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the amlodipine-atorvastatin combination on plasma tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) and plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 (PAI-1) activity in hypercholesterolemic, hypertensive patients with insulin resistance. METHODS: The study population included 45 patients, aged 41 to 70 years, with mild to moderate essential hypertension (diastolic blood pressure [BP] > or = 95 and < or = 105 mm Hg), hypercholesterolemia (total cholesterol > 200 and < 350 mg/dL), and insulin resistance (HOMA index > 2.5) After a 4-week wash-out period, they were randomized to amlodipine (5 mg) or atorvastatin (20 mg) or their combination at the same oral dosage for 12 weeks in three cross-over periods each separated by a 4-week placebo period (3 by 3 latin square design). At the end of the placebo wash-out and of each treatment period, office BP, total cholesterol, PAI-1, and t-PA activity were evaluated. RESULTS: The amlodipine-atorvastatin combination, in addition to the expected hypocholesterolemic effect, produced: 1) a greater decrease in PAI-1 activity (-10.2 U/mL, P <.01 v placebo) and an even greater increase in t-PA activity (+0.26 U/mL, P <.01 v placebo) than amlodipine (-0.5 U/mL for PAI-1, P = not significant; +0.17 U/mL for t-PA, P <.01 v placebo) and atorvastatin alone (respectively, -9.9 U/mL, P <.01 v placebo and +0.08 U/mL, P <.05 v placebo); and 2) a greater systolic BP/diastolic BP mean reduction (-22/17 mm Hg, P <.005 v placebo) than amlodipine (-18/14 mm Hg, P <.01 v placebo) and atorvastatin alone (-2.8/3.8 mm Hg, P <.05 v placebo only for diastolic BP). CONCLUSIONS: The positive effect on fibrinolytic balance and BP control observed suggests that in hypertensive, hypercholesterolemic patients with impaired fibrinolysis, the combination of amlodipine and atorvastatin could be the treatment of choice.     

老年高血压患者的胰岛素抵抗

目的探讨高胰岛素血症、胰岛素抵抗、高血脂和肥胖与老年人高血压之间的关系。方法对无糖尿病和糖耐量减低史的老年原发性高血压患者５０例、老年健康对照组１７８例的空腹血糖、胰岛素、血脂、体重指数和胰岛素敏感性指数等进行对比。结果高血压组胰岛素为１８０±１９５ｍＵ／Ｌ，对照组为７７±５４ｍＵ／Ｌ（Ｐ＜０００１），高血压组有明显的高胰岛素血症，其胰岛素敏感性指数亦显著降低（Ｐ＜０００１），血清甘油三酯明显增高和ａｐｏＡ１明显下降（Ｐ＜００５），肥胖者占７０％。结论老年高血压患者同时存在糖代谢和脂蛋白代谢异常，胰岛素抵抗所产生的高胰岛素血症为其基本的代谢异常。