小鼠脾脏注射日本血吸虫卵所诱发肝脾内细胞应答的比较研究

本实验选用Ｃ５７ＢＬ／６小鼠经脾注入日本血吸虫虫卵，对虫卵所诱发的肝脏和脾脏细胞反应进行了比较研究。观察结果显示在致敏组与非致敏组小鼠脾脏中均未出现以嗜酸性粒细胞为主的虫卵肉芽肿，与肝脏中细胞反应明显不同，且虫卵在牌内诱发的细胞反应也弱。分析认为可能与脾脏内存在针对血吸虫虫卵肉芽肿形成的免疫调节有关，值得进一步探讨，并认为本实验模型将可能有助于进行脾脏免疫应答与肝虫卵肉芽肿形成关系的研究。     

INTERFERON AND CELL DIVISION, I. INHIBITION OF THE MULTIPLICATION OF MOUSE LEUKEMIA L 1210 CELLS In Vitro BY INTERFERON PREPARATIONS

Mouse interferon preparations inhibited the multiplication of mouse leukemia L 1210 cells in stationary suspension cultures. The degree of inhibition was found to correlate with the antiviral titer of the interferon preparations. The factor(s) responsible for inhibition of L 1210 cell multiplication could not be dissociated from interferon by standard physicochemical means.     

THE HEMATOLOGIC RESPONSE IN DOGS TO THE ADMINISTRATION OF ANTI SPLEEN SERUM

1. Intravenous injection into dogs of rabbit anti-dog-spleen serum in doses of0.04 cc./10 Kg. results in a significant increase in the mononuclear cells of theperipheral blood.

2. The rise in circulating mononuclears occurs promptly, with 24-48 hours, andis sustained, generally for 20 days.

3. A large dose of the same serum, 5.4 cc./10 Kg., exerted an opposite effect,poducing a significant decrease in circulating mononuclears.

4. The possible significance of these findings is discussed.

     

THE SPECIFICITY OF INTERFERON INDUCTION IN CHICK EMBRYO CELLS BY HELICAL RNA

Treatment of chick embryo cells growing in culture with rI:rC and many other RNA-like polymers results in the induction of interferon. DEAE dextran is required to facilitate the uptake of the RNA into the cells. Interferon-inducing activity is found with a variety of double-stranded helical polynucleotides, provided that all the sugar residues are ribose. However, the effectiveness of different active polynucleotides at a given concentration varies considerably. The differences in activity among the various polynucleotides do not appear to reflect differences in the rate or amount of uptake into the cells or in the rate of intracellular breakdown. Thehigh degree of specificity of the induction process is consistent with the existence of a specific intracellular receptor site, which may be a protein.     

CD8~ T细胞在CD4~ T细胞耗竭小鼠卡氏肺孢子虫肺炎的致病作用(英文)

[目的 ]验证参与卡氏肺孢子虫致病过程中 ,宿主炎性反应及其对肺功能的影响。 [方法 ]:将小鼠CD4 T细胞耗竭或将小鼠CD4 和CD8 T细胞都耗竭后 ,经气管接种卡氏肺孢子虫。观察在CD8 T细胞缺如或存在的情况下 ,小鼠呼吸机能的改变和肺炎的程度。 [结果 ]耗竭CD4 和CD8 T细胞后 ,小鼠虽发生PCP ,但呼吸频率无明显加快 ,肺组织损伤程度也较轻。相反 ,仅耗竭CD4 T细胞保留CD8 T细胞的小鼠的呼吸频率明显加快 ,肺内炎性细胞反应和肺组织损伤程度均较重。支气管肺泡灌洗液 (BALF)中的CD8 T细胞和嗜中性白细胞的数量明显增多。 [结论 ]PCP的致病过程中 ,宿主的炎性细胞反应对肺功能有直接损伤作用 ,其中CD8 T细胞似起主要作用。     

THE ROLE OF INTRARENAL NITRIC OXIDE IN THE NATRIURETIC RESPONSE TO DOPAMINE-RECEPTOR ACTIVATION

Dopamine and dopamine-1 receptor agonists produce diuresis and natriuresis by causing changes in renal hemodynamics and by the activation of dopamine-1 receptors located within the various regions of the nephron. Nitric oxide plays an important role in the maintenance of systemic and regional hemodynamics. The present study was undertaken to investigate the effect of locally generated nitric oxide on renal function and its potential influence on the renal responses to dopamine-1 receptor agonists. The intrarenal infusion of a nitric oxide synthase inhibitor, L-NAME, (50 μg/kg min for 90 min) in anesthetized rats produced significant decreases in urine volume, urinary sodium excretion, glomerular filtration rate and fractional sodium excretion. These changes in renal function were associated with a concomitant decrease in urinary nitrate excretion, an indicator of nitric oxide release. However, L-NAME at this dose did not produce any significant changes in mean arterial pressure or heart rate. Intravenous infusion of fenoldopam (1 μg/kg min for 30 min), a selective dopamine-1 receptor agonist, produced diuresis and natriuresis without causing any changes in mean arterial pressure and heart rate. These renal effects of fenoldopam were significantly attenuated in animals that received the simultaneous infusion of L-NAME (intrarenal). Similar results were obtained with dopamine in that the natriuretic and diuretic response to dopamine was also attenuated during simultaneous infusion of dopamine with L-NAME. In addition, the diuresis and natriuresis produced by fenoldopam and dopamine was associated with increases in urinary nitrate excretion. Interestingly, these increases in the nitrate levels seen with fenoldopam and dopamine were also significantly reduced in the presence of L-NAME. These results indicate that intrarenal nitric oxide plays an important role in regulating renal sodium excretion and that an intact renal nitric oxide system is required for the full expression of diuretic and natriuretic response seen during dopamine-1 receptor activation.     

肝非实质细胞在内毒素所致肝细胞损害中的作用

对小鼠体外肝细胞进行了内毒素（ｌｉｐｏｐｏｌｙｓａｃｃｈａｒｉｄｅ，ＬＰＳ）直接毒性作用的研究。发现ＬＰＳ对肝细胞有明显损害作用，表现为肝细胞变性、坏死，存活率降低、培养上清谷草转氨酶（ＡＳＴ）增高，上述改变程度与ＬＰＳ加入量成正比。肝细胞单独培养组与肝细胞－肝非实质细胞混合培养组相比，各指标差异无显著性（Ｐ＞０．０５）。然而，经Ｄ－氨基半乳糖及ＬＰＳ体内预处理，导致肝损伤后分离肝非实质细胞，以其取代正常的肝非实质细胞，此时肝非实质细胞的存在不仅加重ＬＰＳ所致的肝细胞损害，且对正常肝细胞也有轻度损伤作用，提示被激活的肝非实质细胞可加重ＬＰＳ所致的肝细胞损害。     

CD8~+ T细胞在CD4~+ T细胞耗竭小鼠卡氏肺孢子虫肺炎的致病作用

[目的 ]验证参与卡氏肺孢子虫致病过程中 ,宿主炎性反应及其对肺功能的影响。 [方法 ]:将小鼠CD4+ T细胞耗竭或将小鼠CD4+ 和CD8+ T细胞都耗竭后 ,经气管接种卡氏肺孢子虫。观察在CD8+ T细胞缺如或存在的情况下 ,小鼠呼吸机能的改变和肺炎的程度。 [结果 ]耗竭CD4+ 和CD8+ T细胞后 ,小鼠虽发生PCP ,但呼吸频率无明显加快 ,肺组织损伤程度也较轻。相反 ,仅耗竭CD4+ T细胞保留CD8+ T细胞的小鼠的呼吸频率明显加快 ,肺内炎性细胞反应和肺组织损伤程度均较重。支气管肺泡灌洗液 (BALF)中的CD8+ T细胞和嗜中性白细胞的数量明显增多。 [结论 ]PCP的致病过程中 ,宿主的炎性细胞反应对肺功能有直接损伤作用 ,其中CD8+ T细胞似起主要作用。     

ELDER ABUSE: THE RESPONSE AND ROLE OF THE POLICE

In Australia, the continuing user rights debate concerning care and protection of older people has concentrated on care of elderly people in the context of the provision of institutional residential care facilities. There has been little discussion of elder abuse in other contexts, particularly the domestic context, or of the role of the police force. This paper discusses the establishment and operation of The Aged Services Unit within the NSW Police Service. It comments on the role of the police force in detecting and preventing elder abuse and on this aspect of police force in detecting and preventing elder abuse and on this aspect of police deployment as a developing aspect of community-based policing. By recording these NSW initiatives, and speculating on future developments, this paper endeavoures to stimulate discussion on particular aspects of elder abuse and a consideration of the role that the police may or should adopt in relation to the protection of the physical, financial, emotional and personal rights of the elderly.     

慢性乙型肝炎C基因启动子变异与干扰素治疗应答的关系

目的:乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)C基因启动子(BCP)变异可在转录水平影响HBeAg前体的表达,本文探讨BCP区变异与干扰素治疗的关系。方法:对本院35例慢性乙型肝炎患者干扰素治疗前、后及随访半年105份血清标本进行分析,采用错配PCR-限制性片段长度多态性分析(RFLP)技术检测HBV毒株BCP区核苷酸(nt)1762碱基A→T和1764G→A这一联合点突变。结果:35例慢性乙型肝炎患者在干扰素治疗前检出8例(23％)BCP变异,其中4例干扰素治疗有应答(50％),随访有2例复发(50％),长期应答率为25％,而20例野毒株中有12例有应答(60％),2例复发(17％),长期应答率50％,两组比较有显著性差异(P<0.01。结论:慢性乙型肝炎BCP变异可能是干扰素治疗后复发的一个因素。     

日本血吸虫感染小鼠脾细胞TNF诱生水平的动态研究

本文报道小鼠感染日本血吸虫不同阶段,脾细胞体外诱生TNF水平的动态.实验采用8wk龄C_(57)BL/6小鼠,每鼠经腹部皮肤感染日本血吸虫尾蚴25条.感染后2、4、6、7、8、10、12和14wk,小鼠脾细胞以SEA或LPS刺激,作TNF体外诱生和活性检测.结果表明:TNF活性在感染后第6wk开始明显上升,第7—8wk达高峰,第10wk开始下降,以SEA诱生的TNF在第12wk以后未能测出其活性.LPS诱生组的TNF活性动态基本与SEA诱生组一致,但前组TNF水平明显高于后组.     

锗—132对二甲基肼诱导小鼠结肠隐窝上皮细胞微核及凋谢的拮抗作用

本文通过观察羧乙基锗倍半氧化物对二甲基肼诱导的小鼠结肠隐窝上皮细胞微核和凋亡的影响，发现羧乙基锗倍半氧化物可降低结肠隐窝上皮细胞微核和凋谢数，并有剂量效应关系。说明羧乙基锗倍半氧化物具有明显的拮抗微核和凋谢的作用。该方法可作为抗结肠致癌物的快速筛选试验。