硝酸甘油激发的倾斜试验在血管迷走性晕厥中的应用

目的了解在倾斜试验中,用硝酸甘油进行激发对于血管迷走性晕厥(vasovagalsyncope,VVS)患者的诊断价值,通过观察VVS患者晕厥前后的血流动力学改变及心率变异性功率谱变化,探讨VVS的发病机制。方法55例不明原因,反复发作的晕厥患者及20例健康人行直立倾斜试验,倾斜75°持续45min,阴性者舌下含服0.3mg硝酸甘油后倾斜至75°持续20min,观察有无阳性反应。倾斜过程中动态监测心电图、血压和心率,并进行心率变异性分析。结果病例组55例中32例出现阳性反应,8例于基础倾斜试验阶段出现阳性反应,24例于硝酸甘油激发后出现阳性反应,阳性率从14.55%升高到58.18%。阳性反应中,血管抑制型(VD)21例,占65.63%,心脏抑制型(CI)5例,占15.63%,混合型(MX)6例,占18.75%。对照组20例中4例出现阳性反应。CI型患者倾斜后心率上升,达高峰后在短期内急剧下降,发生晕厥,血压也略下降;MX型患者晕厥时心率及血压均在短期内急剧下降;VD型患者晕厥时血压在短期内急剧下降,心率也发生一定程度的下降,下降百分比小于CI型及MX型(P<0.05)。倾斜后阳性组LFnorm增高,HFnorm下降,LF/HF增高,晕厥前LFnorm及LF/HF达到最大值,HFnorm达到最低值,晕厥时LFnorm及LF/HF显著下降,HFnorm增加。结论硝酸甘油激发能增加倾斜试验的阳性率,自主神经功能改变(交感活性迅速减退,迷走神经兴奋)为晕厥产生的主要机制,并在不同患者产生不同的血流动力学改变。     

探讨硝酸甘油倾斜试验在血管迷走性晕厥患者中的诊断价值

目的研究血管迷走性晕厥应用硝酸甘油倾斜试验的临床诊断价值。方法观察组为2018年3月-2019年10月收治的73例血管迷走性晕厥患者,对照组为同期健康体检的73例人员,所有人员均采取基础倾斜试验,并对阴性人员采用舌下含服硝酸甘油直立倾斜试验,比较硝酸甘油倾斜试验阳性检出率、不同试验诱发阳性反应所需时间、观察组硝酸甘油倾斜试验阳性类型以及试验期间不良反应等。结果观察组基础倾斜试验与硝酸甘油倾斜试验阳性率均高于对照组(P<0.05),存在统计学意义;基础倾斜试验诱发阳性反应时间超过硝酸甘油倾斜试验(P<0.05);硝酸甘油倾斜试验阳性以血管抑制型为主,倾斜试验期间均无严重不良反应。结论硝酸甘油倾斜试验可用于血管迷走性晕厥患者临床诊断,整个倾斜试验期间所需时间短且安全性高,具有重要的推广价值。     

硝酸甘油与异丙肾上腺素直立倾斜试验诊断血管迷走性晕厥对比研究

目的:比较舌下含服硝酸甘油与静脉泵入异丙肾上腺素直立倾斜试验诊断血管迷走性晕厥的价值。方法:回顾性分析我院行直立倾斜试验的326例患者。其中行基础加舌下含服硝酸甘油直立倾斜试验129例(硝酸甘油组),行基础加静脉泵入异丙肾上腺素直立倾斜试验197例(异丙肾上腺素组),比较两种药物直立倾斜试验阳性率、诱发阳性反应时间、血压心率变化和不良反应。结果:硝酸甘油组阳性率高于异丙肾上腺素组(46．9％vs 30．7％,P<0．01)。硝酸甘油组诱发阳性反应时间(7．8±3．6)分钟高于异丙肾上腺素组(5．6±1．5)分钟,但无显著差异(P>0．05),而总试验时间硝酸甘油组明显短于异丙肾上腺素组[(37．8±3．6)分钟vs(72．6±7．3)分钟,P<0．01]。硝酸甘油组不良反应发生率较异丙肾上腺素组低(0．9％vs 11．7％,P<0．01)。结论:硝酸甘油直立倾斜试验有较高的阳性率,操作方便,完成试验时间短,不良反应少。     

倾斜试验诊断血管迷走性晕厥的研究进展

倾斜试验可通过体位改变再现血管迷走性晕厥的发作。1986年英国学者Kenny首次将此应用于临床,目前已成为诊断和评价血管迷走性晕厥以及其他原因所致晕厥的重要有效方法,通过研究患者试验中的血流动力学反应有利于指导治疗。但目前倾斜试验尚无明确统一的试验方案,只是在主要程序步骤上达成了原则上的共识,因此对倾斜试验结果的判断要结合临床和试验方案。最近也有文章对其诊断价值提出了挑战,需要更多的研究明确评价倾斜试验。     

倾斜试验与倾斜训练诊治血管迷走性晕厥

目的探讨直立倾斜试验与倾斜训练对诊断和治疗血管迷走性晕厥（VVS）的临床应用。方法筛选适应证的病例12例，按统一的操作规程行倾斜试验，术中连续监测并记录血压及心电图变化，按有无晕厥或晕厥先兆来判断是否阳性，阳性者予以倾斜训练，随访观察发作次数与程度。结果倾斜试验12例，9例阳性，占75％；倾斜训练3例，1例有明显减少发作和减轻发作。     

倾斜试验用于诊断血管迷走性晕厥的建议

血管迷走性晕厥（ｖａｓｏｖａｇａｌｓｙｎｃｏｐｅ，简称ＶＶＳ）是诸多晕厥中既特殊又常见的一种类型，过去是在排除其它类型晕厥的基础上诊断的，故诊断步骤复杂、费时。倾斜试验是诊断ＶＶＳ的一项特殊性检查，有助于确定诊断。为了规范化地开展此项检查，综合有关倾...     

直立倾斜试验对血管迷走性晕厥的诊断价值分析

目的探讨直立倾斜试验对血管迷走性晕厥的诊断价值。方法选取2016年3月-2019年6月收治的血管迷走性晕厥患者157例进行研究,均采用直立倾斜试验,对其检测结果进行观察。结果157例患者中,阳性76例,其中血管抑制型21例,心脏抑制型2例,混合型53例。硝酸甘油激发试验阶段,阳性组低频标准化值下降,高频标准化值上升(P<0.05),阴性组无明显变化(P>0.05);服用硝酸甘油后,阴性组QTe/RR斜率、QTp/RR斜率上升(P<0.05),阳性组无明显变化(P>0.05)。结论直立倾斜试验对血管迷走性晕厥具有较高诊断价值,尤其是心率变异性频域指标与QT动态性指标可作为评估病情的主要参考依据。     

舌下含服硝酸甘油直立倾斜试验对血管迷走性晕厥的诊断价值

为寻找使用方便、省时、耐受性良好的倾斜方案 ,将不明原因晕厥者 91例、无晕厥史者 5 2例 (对照 )分别随机分为异丙肾上腺素组 (A组 ,患者 45例、对照 2 6例 )和硝酸甘油组 (B组 ,患者 46例、对照 2 6例 )。每组首先行 70°30min的基础倾斜试验 (BHUT) ,若为阴性则加用药物激发。A组在BHUT结束后将倾斜床放回水平位 ,静脉注射异丙肾上腺素 (剂量 3μg/min) 5min ,再次倾斜 70° 10min。B组在BHUT结束后同一倾斜角度给予硝酸甘油 0 .2mg舌下含服 ,持续倾斜 2 0min。结果 :A组BHUT阳性率为 11.1% (5 / 45 ) ,加用药物后阳性率为 42 .2 % (19/ 45 ) ;总敏感性5 3 .3 %、特异性 88.5 % ;3例 (6 .7% )出现胸闷、胸痛不能耐受试验。B组BHUT阳性率为 10 .9% (5 / 46 ) ,加用药物后阳性率为 45 .7% (2 1/ 46 ) ;总敏感性 5 6 .5 %、特异性 92 .3%。结论 :含服硝酸甘油激发试验具有良好的敏感性和特异性 ,且使用方便、省时、耐受性好 ,可做为诊断血管迷走性晕厥的常规方法。     

直立倾斜试验在诊断血管迷走性晕厥中的临床应用

<正>晕厥是临床常见症状之一,在普通人群中的发生率为3%,在急诊患者中约3%,住院患者中约6%。引起晕厥的原因有很多,但大多原因不明,其中,与神经反射有关的晕厥包括血管迷走性晕厥(vasovagal syncope,VVS)、颈动脉窦过敏综合征和排尿性晕厥等[1]。VVS是临床上最常见的不明原     

Catecholamine response during haemodynamically stable upright posture in individuals with and without tilt-table induced vasovagal syncope.

AIM: Changes in circulating catecholamine concentrations during vasovagal faints have been the subject of considerable study. However, whether catecholamines are part of the triggering mechanism, or principally reflect attempted compensation for an evolving circulatory crisis is unknown. To address this issue, we determined whether the circulating catecholamine response to upright posture differs among patients with and without inducible vasovagal faints at a time when there is no detectable haemodynamic compromise. METHODS AND RESULTS: Blood samples for measurement of adrenaline and noradrenaline (Norepi) concentrations were obtained in the baseline state, and at both 2-3 min and 4-6 min of upright posture in 22 patients undergoing head-up tilt-table testing for evaluation of syncope of unknown cause. In 11 individuals tilt-testing induced syncope at >5 min head-up posture (Group 1). In 11 other individuals tilt testing did not result in syncope (Group 2). Supine arterial catecholamine levels were comparable in the two groups. However, adrenaline concentrations during upright posture tended to be greater at 2-3 min and were significantly greater at 4-6 min in Group 1 than in Group 2 (P< 0.01). These differences occurred in the absence of significant intergroup differences in mean arterial pressure or cardiac cycle lengths. Norepi concentrations also increased in both groups, but without significant differences. CONCLUSION: Circulating adrenaline concentrations in posturally induced vasovagal faints rise more rapidly in vasovagal fainters than in comparably posturally stressed non-fainters, and were significantly greater in fainters prior to either detectable haemodynamic compromise or diminution of circulating Norepi levels. These findings suggest that a premonitory rise in adrenaline concentrations occurs in vasovagal fainters unassociated with an evolving circulatory crisis.     

The effect of atropine in vasovagal syncope induced by head-up tilt testing.

AIMS: This single-blinded, randomized, placebo-controlled study was designed and undertaken to assess the efficacy of intravenous atropine administration on haemodynamic impairment induced by head-up tilt testing in patients with vasovagal syncope. METHODS AND RESULTS: One hundred and thirteen consecutive patients (62 male and 51 female, mean age 46.3 years) with recurrent syncope, no evidence of cardiac, neurological or metabolic disease and a positive head-up tilt test were included in the study. Within 2 weeks of the first head-up tilt test all patients underwent a second tilt test. During this second test, all patients were randomized to receive a bolus of either atropine (0.02 mg. kg(-1)) or placebo (isotonic saline solution). The administration of atropine or placebo was performed at the onset of the haemodynamic modifications (heart rate and/or blood pressure fall) in conjunction with typical vasovagal prodromal symptoms. Treatment was taken as effective when symptoms aborted and the test was completed. In 29 of 113 patients the second tilt test was negative and these patients were excluded from final data analysis. Forty-one patients received placebo, which was effective in nine cases (21.9%). Atropine was administered to 43 patients and was effective in 30 cases (69.7%, P<0.01 vs placebo). The effects of treatment were analysed further to consider the haemodynamic patterns of tilt-induced vasovagal reflex. In the cardio-inhibitory form, placebo was never effective (15 cases), while atropine was effective in 15 of 18 cases (83.3%, P<0.001 vs placebo). In the vasodepressor form, placebo was effective in nine of 26 patients (34.6%), while atropine was effective in 15 of 25 cases (60.0%, no significant difference vs placebo). CONCLUSIONS: Atropine is fully effective in the cardio-inhibitory form of tilt-induced vasovagal reflex, but is limited in the vasodepressor form.     

两种倾斜试验诊断血管迷走性晕厥的Meta分析

目的 系统评价硝酸甘油舌下含服倾斜试验（NUTT）和异丙肾上腺素静滴倾斜试验（IUTT）诊断血管迷走性晕厥的敏感性、特异性及安全性.方法 计算机检索PubMed、CENTRAL、EMbase、the ISI Web of Knowledge databases、VIP、CNKI、CBM和WANFANG数据库中关于硝酸甘油舌下含服倾斜试验（NUTT）和异丙肾上腺素静滴倾斜试验（IUTT）诊断血管迷走性晕厥患者的的随机对照实验（RCT）,检索时限均为建库至2012年10月.同时手检纳入文献的参考文献.按纳入排除标准由两人独立进行RCT的筛选、资料提取和质量评价后,采用RevMan5.1及Meta-Disc1.4软件进行Meta 分析.结果 共纳入10篇RCTs,晕厥患者1054例.Meta分析结果示：NUTT诊断血管迷走性晕厥的真阳性（OR=1.16,95%CI：0.90～1.50,P=0.24）、真阴性（OR=1.50,95%CI：0.74～3.03,P=0.26）以及诱发晕厥所需时间（SWD=-0.30,95%CI：-0.78～0.18,P=0.22）与IUTT相似,但可明显降低不良事件发生率（OR=0.31,95%CI：0.18～0.54,P＜0.001）;NUTT与IUTT的灵敏度分别为0.64（95%CI：0.59～0.69）和0.59（95%CI：0.54～0.64）;特异度分别为0.88（95%CI：0.81～0.93）和0.83（95%CI：0.76～0.89）;曲线下面积分别为0.84和0.82;SE分别为0.05和0.05.结论 NUTT诊断血管迷走性晕厥的灵敏度、特异度、诱发晕厥所需时间与IUTT相当,但可明显降低试验过程中的不良事件发生率.因本研究纳入的原始文献质量偏低,影响研究结果的论证强度,有待开展更多设计合理、执行严格、多中心大样本的高质量RCT,以求进一步验证NUTT与IUTT诊断血管迷走性晕厥的优劣.     

倾斜试验诱发血管迷走性晕厥56例分析

目的　探讨血管迷走性晕厥时血压,心率变化,从而了解自主神经系统所起的作用。方法　对９０ 例不明原因晕厥患者进行倾斜试验,试验过程动态监测心电图、血压和心率。结果　５６ 例发生晕厥,其中基础倾斜试验晕厥４ 例,阳性率４－４ ％ ,异丙肾上腺素倾斜试验晕厥５２ 例,阳性率５７－８％ ,其中异丙肾上腺素浓度为２ μｇ／ｍｉｎ、４ μｇ／ｍｉｎ 各２８－９％ 。晕厥时收缩压下降（４５－６６ ±２２－４６）ｍｍＨｇ,舒张压下降（２９－１１ ±１１－１４）ｍｍＨｇ,心率下降。结论　血管迷走性晕厥时血压显著下降,心率下降,提示交感神经活动减弱为主,可伴迷走神经活动增加。     

口服氨酰心安和依那普利治疗血管迷走性晕厥的疗效观察

目的观察口服氨酰心安和依那普利治疗血管迷走性晕厥的疗效。方法对48例直立倾斜试验(head-uptilttesting,HUT)阳性的晕厥患者随机分三组治疗A组口服氨酰心安;B组口服依那普利;C组不给药物治疗,30天后复查HUT,中短期随访晕厥复发率。结果服药后HUT转阴率A组为75％,B组为56.3％,C组为18.8％。经x2检验,A组与C组比较P＜0.01,差异有显著性,而A组与B组和B组与C组比较P＞0.05,差异无显著性。随访1～14(7.4±3.9)个月,三组晕厥复发率差异无显著性,A组耐受性好。结论口服氨酰心安治疗血管迷走性晕厥,重复HUT转阴率高于依那普利,推测该药是防治血管迷走性晕厥的有效方法。但中短期治疗随访观察未见对晕厥复发率产生影响。     

Is vasovagal syncope a disease?

Vavovagal syncope (VVS) is not generally associated with cardiovascular, neurological or other diseases, and, therefore, represents an isolated manifestation. Isolated VVS cannot be regarded as a disease for several reasons: spontaneous syncope occurs in about half of individuals during their lives, and the unidentified neural pathways involved in the vasovagal response are probably present in all healthy humans, with individual differences in susceptibility; VVS is induced during tilt testing in several subjects with no history of syncope; during haemorrhagic shock, the vasovagal reaction can be observed in subjects with no history of syncope; about 20% of astronauts, who are selected on the basis of their great resistance to orthostatic stress, experience syncope or presyncope on landing after a short-duration space flight; to date, no genetic basis of VVS has been demonstrated; subjects with VVS are generally normotensive and, importantly, have normal blood pressure regulation apart from the episodes of syncope; hormonal disorders or a generalized state of autonomic involvement, although frequently investigated, have never been clearly demonstrated. Isolated VVS should be distinguished from those forms that start in old age and which are often associated with cardiovascular or neurological disorders, and other dysautonomic disturbances such as carotid sinus hypersensitivity, post-prandial hypotension, and symptoms of autonomic dysfunction. In these subjects, VVS appears as an expression of a pathological process, i.e. a disease, mainly related to a generalized involvement of the autonomic nervous system, which is not yet well-defined from a nosological point of view.     

Haemodynamic changes early in prodromal symptoms of vasovagal syncope.

AIMS: Vasovagal syncope (VVS) is often preceded by prodromal symptoms. The haemodynamic changes occurring during the prodrome have not been systematically investigated. The aim of the present study was to investigate the behaviour of blood pressure (BP), heart rate (HR) and sympathetic activity at the beginning of the prodrome in patients with tilt-induced VVS. METHODS AND RESULTS: Sixty-three patients with VVS underwent tilt testing. BP and HR were measured and blood samples for plasma catecholamine determination were obtained during the test. Twenty-seven patients developed syncope of whom all had a prodrome. From the last scheduled measurement before prodromal symptoms to the beginning of the prodrome, both systolic and diastolic BP decreased in all patients (from 105 +/- 16 to 74 +/- 20 mmHg, P<0.001, and from 68 +/- 13 to 51 +/- 12 mmHg, P<0 001, respectively) and HR decreased in 18 (67%) (from 89 +/- 22 to 80 +/- 25 beats/ min P<0 02). At the onset of loss of consciousness both BP and HR showed a further decrease (P<0.001). Plasma adrenaline significantly increased from the last sample before prodromal symptoms to the beginning of the prodrome (P<0.01) and showed a further increase during loss of consciousness (P<0.05), whereas plasma noradrenaline did not increase, as an expression of inhibition of sympathetic neural outflow. CONCLUSION: These results demonstrate that in patients with tilt-induced VVS, BP is consistently decreased at the beginning of prodromal symptoms because of the withdrawal of sympathetic activity, and HR is often reduced, probably because of increased vagal activity. We may infer that similar haemodynamic features also occur during spontaneous VVS.