经皮穿刺椎体成形术治疗无变形型椎体骨折

目的探讨经皮穿刺椎体成形术治疗无变形型胸腰椎骨折的临床效果。方法采用经皮穿刺椎体成形术治疗无变形型胸腰椎骨折患者16例（21节椎体）。结果术后24h疼痛基本缓解，可下床活动15例，48h下床l例。经过6个月～2．5年，平均1年6个月的随访，全部病例腰痛症状均完全缓解，症状缓解率100％。椎体高度无再丢失，无骨水泥外漏造成神经压迫、肺栓塞等并发症。结论经皮穿刺椎体成形术治疗椎体无变形型骨折疗效良好，安全可靠。     

经皮椎体成形术及经皮椎体后凸成形术治疗椎体转移瘤的临床应用

目的：探讨经皮椎体成形术（PercutaneousvertebroplastyPVP）及经皮椎体后凸成形术（KyphoplastypereutaneousPKP）治疗椎体转移性肿瘤的临床疗效。方法：对38例共44个椎体行PVP,7例9个椎体行PKP,术前VAS标准（visualanalogscale,VAS）评分。结果：45例53个椎体手术无死亡病例。术前轻度疼痛4例,中度11例,剧痛31例。术前VAS评分平均为9．2±2．2分。术后3天疼痛完全缓解38例（84．4％）;部分缓解5例（11．1％）;轻微缓解1例（2．2％）;NR1例（2．2％）;有效为95．5％,VAS评分2．0±1．4,与术前比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）;53个椎体术中骨水泥渗漏至椎间盘3例,硬膜外囊2例,椎旁静脉丛1例,椎旁软组织3例;骨水泥外漏发生率16．98％,其中PKP仅发生椎旁软组织外渗1例,术中及术后均无其它并发症发生。PVP式Cobb’s角术前19．3±8．7,术后为18．4±7．8;PKP术前为22．1±8．7,术后为12．2±5．8,术后Cobb’s角与术前比较,PKP术式差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）,PVP术式差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）;轻度疼痛及中度疼痛完全缓解及部分缓解为100％;重度疼痛完全缓解及部分缓解为93．6％,轻微缓解及无效为6．4％,轻、中、重度各级术后较术前疼痛缓解明显,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论：PVP及PKP对缓解或消除由椎体转移性肿瘤引起的疼痛有明显的治疗效果,无严重并发症。PKP术对塌陷椎体高度有一定程度恢复。     

经皮椎体成形术治疗溶骨性椎体转移瘤临床探讨

目的探讨经皮椎体成形术在溶骨性椎体转移瘤治疗中的临床应用与疗效。方法对9例胸腰椎溶骨性椎体转移瘤患者的14节病变椎体,采用在C臂X线机透视下行单侧经皮椎体穿刺及骨水泥灌注成形的方法治疗,术后评估疼痛缓解程度。结果所有9例患者经皮穿刺椎体成形术治疗后,疼痛显著缓解。疼痛缓解程度为优8例,良1例,无并发症发生。术后随访2-24月（平均7月）,原病变椎体未见肿瘤复发及椎体塌陷骨折。结论经皮椎体成形术在溶骨性椎体转移瘤的治疗中,不仅操作简便易行,疗效肯定,并且是一种较为安全的治疗方法,作为肿瘤联合治疗中的一种有效手段,值得临床推广。     

经皮椎体成形术治疗老年椎体骨质疏松压缩性骨折的疗效

目的探讨经皮椎体成形术(Percutaneousvertebrophasty,PVP)治疗老年骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折的临床效果。方法采用经皮椎体成形术治疗老年骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折19例22个椎体,男8例,女11例,年龄55～86岁,平均72.5岁。进行临床和影像学观察评价。结果本组患者无术中死亡及肺、心、脑血管系统急性不良反应和脊髓和神经根急性损伤发生。住院时间3～10d,平均6d,随访2～16个月,平均7.5个月,19例患者术后腰背疼痛均明显缓解或消失,生活质量明显提高。X线片显示椎体高度无进一步丢失。结论经皮椎体成形术治疗老年骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折创伤小,操作简单,能够迅速缓解疼痛,提高生活质量。     

经皮椎体成形术治疗脊椎转移肿瘤临床分析

经皮椎体成形术(percutaneous vertebrop lasty,PVP)是近5年来在欧美兴起的一项微创新技术。有增加椎体强度、防止塌陷、止痛等作用[1]。临床上适合用于治疗椎体转移性肿瘤、椎体血管瘤及因骨质疏松引起的椎体压缩性骨折。我院骨科自2001年12月至2005年2月采用PVP治疗椎体转移癌共21例,疗效满意,现报告如下。一、资料与方法1.一般资料:本组21例,男13例,女8例。年龄33~75岁,平均56.3岁。病程40~240 d,平均119.2 d。均为脊柱溶骨性转移瘤,其中乳腺癌转移4例,肺癌转移8例,肝癌转移3例,鼻咽癌转移1例,食管癌2例,前列腺癌2例,甲状腺癌1例。均…     

经皮椎体成形术治疗椎体转移肿瘤的疗效观察分析

目的 探讨经皮椎体成形术治疗椎体转移肿瘤的临床疗效.方法 对60例椎体转移肿瘤患者的85个椎体进行椎体成形术,对每个患者术前、术后1周及术后半年分别进行VRS定性评估及VAS、SF-36的定量评估.结果 VRS评分显示术后1周疼痛缓解率为100%,VAS评分显示术后1周和术后半年的VAS评分明显低于术前（P〈0.01）,SF-36评分显示术后1周和术后半年的健康状况评分明显高于术前（P〈0.01）.结论 PVP手术治疗椎体转移肿瘤是安全、有效的,可以明显缓解患者的疼痛,提高患者的生活质量,在脊柱转移肿瘤患者的康复治疗中有一定应用价值.     

经皮椎体成形术治疗肿瘤所致病理性脊椎骨折的临床观察

目的：探讨经皮椎体成形术在肿瘤所致病理性脊椎骨折治疗中的应用价值。方法入组肿瘤所致病理性脊椎骨折患者85例,共170个椎体,均采用经皮椎体成形术治疗,具体术式：采用单纯经皮穿刺椎体成形术及分次经皮穿刺椎体灌注骨水泥技术。术后1周、3个月、6个月、12个月分别采用 VAS 评分法进行疼痛评分。出院后定期随访,评估生存情况。结果术中无一例出现肺栓塞、截瘫或围手术期死亡等严重并发症。所有患者术后3 d 内疼痛缓解,平均 VAS 评分降至2.8分。经皮椎体成形术中骨水泥的平均注入量为4.5 mL。术中64（37.65％）个椎体出现骨水泥渗漏,其中椎间隙20个,椎旁或椎旁静脉36个,椎管内8个,但均无临床症状。中位随访时间20个月,其中42例死于原发肿瘤,余43例则带瘤存活。结论经皮椎体成形术是目前治疗胸腰椎椎体转移瘤的安全有效方法,选择合适的术式是治疗成功的关键。     

经皮穿刺椎体成形术治疗症状性椎体血管瘤

[目的]探讨经皮穿刺椎体成形术(percutaneousvertebroplasty,PVP)治疗症状性椎体血管瘤的临床效果。[方法]采用经皮穿刺椎体成形术(PVP)治疗椎体症状性血管瘤12例,共17个椎体。[结果]12例17个病变椎体PVP均获成功,无严重并发症发生。疼痛完全缓解10例,部分缓解2例,术后随访12～24个月。未出现新的椎体压缩性骨折,血管瘤无复发。[结论]PVP可以缓解症状性椎体血管瘤引起的疼痛,增加椎体的稳定性,是治疗椎体症状性血管瘤的理想方法。     

术中诊断乳腺癌前哨淋巴结可行性研究

目的 探讨术中诊断乳腺癌患者前哨淋巴结转移的可行性.方法 将63例T1～2临床检查腋窝淋巴结阴性的乳腺癌患者进行前哨淋巴结研究.对检出的前哨淋巴结进行印片细胞学和冰冻切片诊断,术后石蜡切片再诊断是评估术中诊断正确与否的金标准.结果 术中检出前哨淋巴结58例,检出率为92.1%（58/63）.印片细胞学诊断的敏感性、特异性、准确性分别为85.0%、100.0%、94.8%.冰冻切片诊断的敏感性、特异性、准确性分别为90.0%、100.0%、96.6%.结论 术中印片细胞学与冰冻切片检查对判定前哨淋巴结有无转移较为可靠.     

前哨淋巴结活检在乳腺癌治疗中的应用价值

目的　探讨前哨淋巴结活检 (sentinel lymph node biopsy,SL NB)在乳腺癌治疗中的可行性及准确性。方法　术前在乳腺肿瘤周围部位皮下注射放射性胶体 99m Tc- DX,同时运用核素淋巴显像和γ计数器探测仪探测两种检测方法 ,识别放射性同位素浓聚的前哨淋巴结 (sentinel lym ph node,SL N) ,将 SL N和其余淋巴结分别行病理组织学检查 ,分析影响 SL N检出率的相关因素。结果　 5 0例患者进行 SL N识别定位 ,发现 SL N 4 8例 ,检出率为96 .0 % ;敏感度为 88.2 % ;准确性为 95 .8% ;假阴性为 11.8% ;假阳性为 0。患者年龄 <5 0岁 ,原发肿瘤位于乳腺外上象限 ,术前穿刺活检确诊与 SL N检出有关 (P<0 .0 5 ) ;组织学因素与 SL N检出无关 (P>0 .0 5 )。结论　 SL N可以准确反映大多数乳腺癌患者腋窝淋巴结 (axillary lym ph node,AL N)的转移情况 ,有可能取代常规的腋窝淋巴结解剖 (axillary lymph node dissection,AL ND)。     

经皮椎体成形术联合奥施康定治疗椎体转移性癌痛的临床研究

目的:观察经皮椎体成形术（PVP）联合奥施康定治疗椎体转移性癌痛的临床疗效及安全性。方法:共纳入我院收治的96例椎体转移性癌痛患者。根据患者疼痛评分行奥施康定滴定止痛治疗；严格掌握PVP手术适应证，符合患者行手术治疗；评价用药后患者止痛疗效、止痛药物使用情况、生活质量改善情况及不良反应情况。结果:经给予奥施康定止痛治疗后，患者疼痛得到缓解；联合PVP治疗后，所有患者奥施康定总量下降32.2%，其中减量75%以上有7人，减量＞50%~75%有13人，减量25%~50%有42人，减量<25%有31人，原剂量有3人，无人增量。治疗前KPS评分为（64.69±5.07）分，奥施康定治疗后KPS评分为（71.56±7.67）分，联合治疗后KPS评分为（77.19±8.10）分；治疗不良反应主要为骨水泥渗漏、治疗部位一过性胀痛、消化道症状及嗜睡等。结论:经皮椎体成形术联合奥施康定治疗椎体转移癌痛具有较好的临床疗效和安全性，值得临床推广使用。     

56例隐匿性乳腺癌临床病理特征分析及诊疗策略探讨

背景与目的：隐匿性乳腺癌发病隐匿,诊断困难,治疗策略不确定,是乳腺癌领域的难点和热点。本研究探讨了隐匿性乳腺癌的临床病理特征及诊疗策略。方法：对56例隐匿性乳腺癌患者在术前采用乳腺彩超、钼靶、磁共振及PET/CT检查,对比不同检查方法对隐匿性乳腺癌可疑原发灶检出率及病理符合率的差异。治疗方案采用新辅助化疗、乳腺癌改良根治术、保乳+腋窝淋巴结清扫术、腋窝淋巴结清扫术,术后行化疗+放疗。结果：乳腺超声、X线、MRI、PET/CT对乳腺可疑原发灶的检出率分别为7.14%（4/56）、29.41%（15/51）、37.50%（18/48）和16.28%（7/43）;结合术后病理学检查发现其病理符合率分别为66.67%（2/3）、50.00%（7/14）、50.00%（9/18）和50.00%（3/6）;26例患者乳腺超声、X线及MRI均未发现可疑原发灶,其中21例接受病理学检查,阳性率为14.29%（3/21）;对39例乳腺癌改良根治术标本行乳腺病理切片检查,检出原发灶15例,检出率38.46%。根据St. Gallen指南分子分型标准,Luminal A型、Luminal B型、HER-2阳性型和三阴性型比例分别为7.14%、46.43%、12.50%和33.93%。术后随访52例,随访时间10~104个月,中位时间35个月,复发转移4例,死亡0例。检出原发灶的15例患者中,复发或转移2例;未检出原发灶的24例患者中,无复发或转移;行新辅助化疗17例,达病理学完全缓解（pathological complete response,PCR）2例,复发或转移2例;行乳腺癌改良根治术39例,复发或转移2例;行保乳+腋窝清扫8例,复发或转移2例;腋窝清扫9例,无复发或转移。结论：乳腺MRI检查在隐匿性乳腺癌的排除性诊断中有重要价值;乳腺超声、X线及MRI均未发现可疑原发灶的患者其乳腺病理原发灶检出率较低;隐匿性乳腺癌的治疗策略可选择新辅助化疗、乳腺癌改良根治术、保乳+腋窝清扫术、腋窝清扫术;乳腺病理学未检出原发灶的患者复发转移率低于检出原发灶者。     

乳腺癌前哨淋巴结活检的可行性及临床应用价值

目的 探讨前哨淋巴结(sentinel Iymph node,SLN)定位和活检(SLNB)的可行性及其对预测乳腺癌腋窝淋巴结(axillary lymph node,ALN)转移的准确性。方法 对52例临床查体及B超检测ALN阴性的乳腺癌患者,术中在肿瘤周围注射亚甲蓝进行SLN定位和活检。对常规病理检查阴性的SLN再行免疫组化检测。结果 SLNB的检出成功率为92.3％(48/52),准确率为97.9％,假阴性率为4.8％,敏感度为95.2％,特异度为100％。SLN是惟一被证实有肿瘤转移的淋巴结者占66.7％(14/21)。免疫组化检测使SLN肿瘤转移的阳性率提高了4.1％。结论乳腺癌SLNB技术是可行的,应用亚甲蓝淋巴定位方法进行的SLNB可以准确预测临床及B超检查ALN阴性的乳腺癌患者的ALN转     

乳腺癌细针穿刺活检的临床应用价值

背景与目的：随着乳腺癌术前诊疗手段的发展,细针穿刺似乎不再受临床医生的青睐。细针穿刺作为乳腺癌的术前诊断方法之一,其安全及有效性存在争议。本研究探讨30年来我院乳腺癌细针穿刺与复发、转移的关系。方法：统计我院1975—2006年1 260例乳腺癌患者的临床资料,根据是否术前细针穿刺分组,比较2组间临床基本特点、复发转移率、无瘤生存率。结果：细针穿刺阳性率为61.4%,其中Ⅳ期患者阳性率最高,达100%;细针穿刺组中以Ⅱ期和Ⅲ期患者居多,均为45.2%;细针穿刺组和非细针穿刺组的局部复发率(7.0% vs 6.4%)、复发转移率(13.2% vs 14.0%)、5年无瘤生存率(82.0% vs 81.0%)及10年无瘤生存率(51.0%vs 64.0%)差异均无统计学意义。结论：细针穿刺具有易操作、阳性率高、对复发及生存无影响等优点,因此对乳腺癌患者的术前诊断仍有较高的临床应用价值。     

Preoperative treatment of postmenopausal breast cancer patients with letrozole: A randomized double-blind multicenter study

Background:A randomized, double-blind, multicenter studywas conducted to compare the anti-tumor activity of letrozole vs.tamoxifen in postmenopausal women with ER and/or PgR positive primaryuntreated breast cancer. Patients and methods:Threehundred thirty-seven postmenopausal women with ER and/or PgR positiveprimary untreated breast cancer were randomly assigned once dailytreatment with either letrozole 2.5 mg or tamoxifen 20 mg for fourmonths. At baseline none of the patients were considered to becandidates for breast-conserving surgery (BCS) and 14% ofthe patients were considered inoperable. The primary endpoint was tocompare overall objective response (CR + PR) determined by clinicalpalpation. Secondary endpoints included overall objective response onultrasound and mammography and the number of patients who qualified forBCS. Results:Overall objective response rate (clinicalpalpation) was statistically significantly superior in the letrozolegroup, 55% compared to tamoxifen, 36% (P<0.001). Secondary endpoints of ultrasound response, 35% vs.25% (P= 0.042), mammographic response, 34% vs.16% (P< 0.001), and BCS, 45% vs. 35%(P= 0.022) between the letrozole and tamoxifen groups,respectively, showed letrozole to be significantly superior. Bothtreatments were well tolerated. Conclusions:This studyshows that letrozole is more effective than tamoxifen as preoperativetherapy in postmenopausal patients with ER and/or PgR positive primaryuntreated breast cancer and is at least as well tolerated.     

The value of bone marrow biopsy in breast cancer at time of diagnosis. A prospective study

Bone marrow biopsies (BMB) were performed in 173 consecutive unselected breast cancer patients at the time of diagnosis to define the value of this diagnostic tool in the initial staging of mammary carcinoma. In a group of 160 patients with a negative standard staging work-up, BMB was positive in two (1%). Both of them had negative x-ray but bone scan was positive in one and doubtful in the other. Bone marrow biopsy was positive in 31% of 13 additional patients with metastatic disease and in 44% of the nine among them with radiologically involved skeleton. These results exclude that BMB is able to discover micrometastatic foci of neoplastic disease. Its positivity appears strictly correlated with that of bone x-ray and scan. Based on the results of this prospective study, BMB is not required when both bone survey and scan are negative, but could be useful in clarifying diagnostic doubts of skeletal involvement.     

A high incidence of vertebral fracture in women with breast cancer

Because treatment for breast cancer may adversely affect skeletal metabolism, we investigated vertebral fracture risk in women with non-metastatic breast cancer. The prevalence of vertebral fracture was similar in women at the time of first diagnosis to that in an age-matched sample of the general population. The incidence of vertebral fracture, however, was nearly five times greater than normal in women from the time of first diagnosis [odds ratio (OR), 4.7; 95% confidence interval (95% CI), 2.3-9.9], and 20-fold higher in women with soft-tissue metastases without evidence of skeletal metastases (OR, 22.7; 95% CI, 9.1-57.1). We conclude that vertebral fracture risk is markedly increased in women with breast cancer.     

乳腺癌保留乳头乳晕成型术的临床病理研究

目的 :为保留乳头乳晕的乳腺癌成型术提供临床病理基础。方法 :采用临床资料的分析与病理相结合的方法、将乳腺癌患者的乳头和乳晕整体标本连续切片病理检查。用流式细胞技术进行癌组织DNA倍体分析、免疫组化法增殖细胞核抗原 (PCNA)含量测定。进一步分析乳腺癌患者保留乳头和乳晕的安全性和可能性。为乳腺成型提供实践依据。结果 :检测肿瘤至乳晕的平均距离为 1 9.6毫米 ,侵犯乳头乳晕共 5例 ,其中Ⅲb 3例、Ⅳ期 2例。这 5例DNA倍体均为异倍体。PCNA阳性 50 %～ 75 %及 >75 %占Ⅲ、Ⅳ期乳腺癌的 77.78%。结论 :乳晕旁1 .96厘米以外的乳房肿瘤有保留乳房的适应证 ,肿瘤位于乳晕下方、临床分期Ⅲ期及Ⅳ期无保留乳房的适应证。严格掌握保留乳头乳晕的适应证条件 ,乳腺癌保留乳房成型术才能更加安全     

Surgical treatment in older patients with endometrial cancer: A retrospective study

IntroductionOlder patients (OP) diagnosed with endometrial cancer (EC) are less likely to receive an optimal surgical treatment compared with non-older patients (NOP). This undertreatment along with the presence of more aggressive tumours at diagnosis can explain the worse prognosis of EC in OP. There is limited evidence comparing perioperative outcomes between OP and NOP, and the benefit of applying complex procedures to OP is still controversial. The primary objective of the study was to compare intraoperative and postoperative complications between NOP and OP with EC that underwent primary surgery. Secondary objectives were to compare surgical management and survival rates.MethodsThis is a retrospective single-centre observational study including women undergoing surgery for EC between 2010 and 2019. Patients were classified according to age as NOP (younger than 75 years) or OP (75 years or older). Basal characteristics and surgical outcomes of groups were compared using Chi-square, Fisher's exact tests, student T-tests or Mann Whitney tests. Kaplan Meier analysis was used to evaluate survival.ResultsIn total 281 patients underwent primary surgery for EC between 2010 and 2019 in our centre. At diagnosis, 184 patients were younger than 75 years while 97 were 75 and older. No differences were found in disease characteristics. Most of our patients (83,3%) underwent laparoscopic surgery. Pelvic (58,2% vs. 37,1%, p = 0,001) and para-aortic (46,7% vs. 23,7%, p < 0,001) lymphadenectomies were performed more frequently in NOP compared with OP. Rates of intra-operative (6,5% vs. 12,4%, p = 0,116) and post-operative (13,0% vs. 20,6%, p = 0,120) complications were not statistically different between NOP and OP, and neither was the rate of severe complications according to Clavien-Dindo classification (5,4% vs. 8,2% of complications grade III-V respectively, p = 0,387). The 5-year disease-specific survival (DSS) rate tended to be lower in the OP than in the NOP (74,8% vs. 82,5%, p = 0,071). Considering only patients in whom complete surgical staging was performed, OP presented similar DSS to NOP, with comparable complication rate.ConclusionsOP do not present a significantly higher rate of perioperative complications compared to NOP. However, they underwent fewer lymphadenectomies and tended to present poorer DSS. Further studies are needed to standardize the surgical management of these patients.