第九讲 后置定语结构

[基础知识] 英语中的各种短语一般都可以做某一个名词的后置定语,这也是科技英语的一个特点,这种结构主要有以下几种: 一、名词+介词短语介词短语做定语时,都必须后置: 1. The electron has a charge of negative electricity.     

国内林业科技论文英文摘要的写作问题

就国内林业科技论文英文摘要写作中诸如语篇的体裁、谓语动词的时态和语态、介词的用法、冠词与名词的单复数、近义词、英文缩写等6个问题分别进行了分析与讨论。     

科技论文英文题名的撰写

综述了科技论文英文题名的主要作用;认为英文题名撰写应遵循的基本原则为：准确(Accuracy)、简洁(Brevity)、清楚(Carity)。介绍了题名中英文句法、动词分词和介词的使用、眉题、缩写、主-副题名形式等方面应注意的问题。从题名表达角度分析了1993年至2002年SCI检索的部分高被引论文的题名。     

科技论文英文标题的编写

较详细地阐述了科技论文英文标题的编写方法,即首先要确定一个名词性的词或词组作为中心词,再以介词短语、形容词、分词短语、不定式短语、复合词、名词或动名词等限定性词或词组进一步修饰中心词、阐明论文主题。对英文标题写作中主要语法现象进行了比较系统的归纳。对英文标题编排过程中的常见问题,如标题大小写、长度、冠词的省略、中英文一致及结构形式等,进行了分析并提出了处理办法。     

中美科技期刊论文英文标题词汇特征对比分析 —— 以化学类为例

以2011年美国和中国化学类核心期刊各600个标题为研究样本,利用语料库检索工具Antconc （3.2.2.0）,通过高频词和搭配词的比较,探讨化学类核心期刊论文英文标题在词汇层面存在的差异。结果表明：国内化学界学者对介词of和on,概括性描述类形容词等使用过多;专有名词作为中心词的标题较少;过多套用固定结构等。本文提出了相应的改进措施,为中国化学界学者撰写英文论文标题提供借鉴。     

命题中“面向”一词宜符合语法规则

在现代汉语中,“面向”一词是动词,不是介词,它可以跟普通名词连用构成动宾词组,在句子或文题中充当动宾结构,复合结构和偏正结构;而“面向21世纪”中的21世纪是时间名词,在句子或文题中充当状语,状语之前加动词是不合语法的说法,是命题中的形式主义,应当避免。     

科技期刊论文英文标题抽象名词短语结构分析与应用

本文旨在发现与归纳科技期刊英文标题中“名词+of+名词”结构的语言特点。运用语料库语言学研究方法对理科类科技期刊英文标题进行了大样本统计分析。结果显示,845%的英文标题是名词短语形式,以“中心名词+介词短语”的形式最为典型。中心名词主要表现为五类抽象名词。结论表明以抽象名词为中心名词的短语结构因其结构简洁、信息载荷量大而成为科技期刊英文标题的主要表达手段。     

香云纱里 今夕何夕

<正>快把自己变成电脑前的化石时,有家服饰公司送来一个策划案,让我帮忙写一个面料的推介词,一起送来的还有做样品用的几样香云纱。来人说,别小看这云遮月的几匹纱,据说红楼梦里就写过,还有张爱玲也穿过。手轻轻触上去,像丝又非丝,似透又非     

医械科技英语讲座 第十讲 短语结构

基础知识科技英语句子有时较长,增加了句子的难度,这常常是由于句子中含有许多短语。其中主要有:介词短语、形容词短语及非谓语动词短语等,对这些短语的结构和用法如不理解,就无法对句子作出正确的分析和翻译。这些短语的一个共同特点是;它们可以处在谓语以外的任何一个位置上,它们处在什么位置就充当什么成分,定语的位置较灵活,可以修饰任何一种成分(谓语除外)中的名词。请见下图。     

数学公式的句法属性、功能与位置

分析了英语文献中数学公式的句法属性、功能与位置,认为数学公式的句法属性有三个层次：或相当于名词词组、或相当于名词性分句、或相当于句子。相当于名词词组的数学公式在功能上或者直接充当句子成分(充当宾语、补足语)、或者不直接充当句子成分(充当同位语);其位置一般在动词(包括谓语动词、动词不定式、jng分词、联系动词、动词被动态)之后、as／to be之后、先行语(以及引导词)之后。相当于名词性分句的数学公式在功能上构成that-分句、附属分句、并列分句;位置分别在引导词that、从属连词、并列连词之后。相当于句子的数学公式在功能上近似于句子,但仍需要由某些词引出;其位置多在句子副词、连接副词、关系副词、“介词+which”之后。另外,数学公式还常出现在as follows的后面。数学公式偶尔充当分句中的主语成分。     

Trends in meningococcal disease in Italy in 1988

Meningococcal disease in Italy decreased 15% in 1988 from the previous year (290 vs. 342 cases). The decline was particularly evident in military cases (1.7/100,000 in 1988 vs. 5/100,000 in 1987) reflecting the full coverage of bivalent serogroup (A + C) meningococcal polysaccaride vaccine in army recruits, achieved since January 1988. The highest proportion of cases was seen in people older than 25 years of age (25%). Serogroup C constituted 60% of the isolates, while 19% belonged to serogroup B. The proportion of strains resistant to sulphonamides was 45%, while 15% were resistant to Minocycline and none to Rifampin. Out of the five military cases, only one (due to serogroup C) was attributable to the vaccine failure. A single coprimary case, but no secondary cases occurred among civilians. These findings are consistent with the trends reported in Italy in the previous years.     

Benzene in blood and phenol in urine in monitoring benzene exposure in industry

Determinations of benzene concentration in blood and of phenol in urine were made by head-space gas chromatography techniques on samples taken near the end of the work day from two groups of workers potentially exposed to low levels of benzene in the work-place atmosphere. Preliminary results suggest that benzene in blood is more reliable than phenol tests for assessing both exposure and uptake of benzene. Normal values of phenol in urine (10 mg/liter or less) were found in nearly all those cases in which benzene was detected in the blood.     

2015年郑州市饮用水放射性水平状况调查

目的了解郑州市不同地区、不同季节、不同水源类型的放射性水平。方法分别于丰水期和枯水期采集郑州市区黄河水源水、井水源水、丹江口水源水、出厂水和末梢水各一份;以县为单位,每单位采集出厂水、末梢水、水库水、河水、井水各1份,按《生活饮用水生活标准检验方法》(GB/T 5750.13-2006)检测饮用水中总α和总β放射性水平,依据《生活饮用水卫生标准》(GB 5749-2006)进行判定。结果丰水期、枯水期水体总α、总β放射性水平均低于国家标准限值。结论郑州市不同水源类型均处于正常的天然放射性本底水平。     

Occupational stress in nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan

Nurses are known to be exposed to occupational stress. However, occupational stress is not well documented for nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan. A cross-sectional study was conducted to explore the work-related stress and risk factors of nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan. A structured questionnaire was distributed to nurses at five state-owned psychiatric hospitals in Taiwan in 2001. Demographic information, working environment, and personal health status were inquired. Occupational stress was assessed based on the Chinese version of Job Content Questionnaire (JCQ). General health status and mental health were evaluated by the International Quality of Life Assessment Short Form-36 (IQOLA SF-36). A total of 573 questionnaires were disseminated to nurses and 518 (90.4%) were satisfactorily completed by nurses, including 408 female full-time nurses who had been in their current work for more than 6 months. In the past one month, 17.2% of nurses reported being under significant stress often or always. Assault episodes were reported by 45.1% of nurses in the past 6 months. Among the nurses, 16.9%, 25.2%, 50.0%, and 7.8% belong to the "High strain", "Low strain", "Active", and "Passive" groups, respectively. Perceived occupational stress was associated with young age, widowed/divorced/separated marital status, high psychological demand, low workplace support, and threat of assault at work. Lower general health score was associated with low job control, high psychological demand, and perceived occupational stress. A lower mental health score was associated with low job control, high psychological demand, low workplace support, and perceived occupational stress. We concluded that nurses in psychiatric institutions are under significant stress related to work factors.     

Changes in nursing administration in supporting transplantation in Brazil

This historical and bibliographic study aimed to understand how Nursing was organized to support care in transplantation. The HISA, LILACS, BDENF, PERIENF and DEDALUS databases were consulted, and thirteen references were found, ten of which were scientific articles, two were master's dissertations and one was a doctoral thesis. The span of time chosen for study ranges from the date of the first kidney transplant in Brazil (1965), to the date of publication of the last scientific article found in the databases mentioned above (2003). After reading these articles, the ones that were similar in topic were grouped together, thus creating the thematic axis for the presentation of the results. The results showed that the Nursing profession has played an important and active role in transplants ever since the first procedure in 1965.     

2019年中国肿瘤流行病学研究进展

恶性肿瘤已成为中国居民的主要死因之一。近些年来,中国政府积极推进肿瘤预防和控制领域的研究工作,取得了很大的进步。本文简要汇总中国在肿瘤流行病学领域的研究进展,具体包括2019年的肿瘤负担、癌症危险因素及其干预、筛查和早期发现、癌症防治专项行动(2019-2022年)方案等方面,以期为我国肿瘤防治工作的有效开展提供技术支撑和理论依据。     

2012年绵阳市蔬菜中农药残留状况

目的 了解绵阳市2012年市售蔬菜中农药残留情况,为食用蔬菜监管提供依据.方法 全部样品均按照GB/T 5009-2003的方法进行农药的残留检测.依据GB 2763-2005《食品中农药最大残留限量》进行判定.结果 2012年共检测蔬菜165份,农药检出率和超标率分别为72.12％和23.64％.豆类、根茎类、叶菜类、瓜果菜类和食用菌类蔬菜检测农药残留超标率分别为8.00％、23.53％、36.00％、5.26％和27.03％,差异有统计学意义(x2=11.41,P＜0.01).不同种类农药超标率差异有统计学意义(x2 =62.42,P＜0.01).夏季和冬季蔬菜农药超标率差异无统计学意义(x2=3.44,P＞0.05).结论 绵阳市叶菜类蔬菜中农药残留情况较为严重,应采取有效措施,加强蔬菜的监督管理,从源头禁止高毒农药的使用,加大蔬菜种植、销售环节的监测,确保市民食用蔬菜的安全.