经冠状动脉注射骨髓单个核细胞影响心肌细胞凋亡的实验研究

目的观察经冠状动脉注射方式移植骨髓单个核细胞对心脏功能的改善和心肌细胞凋亡的影响。方法结扎小型猪冠状动脉制备心肌梗死模型，然后经冠状动脉注射骨髓单个核细胞，术后3周用超声心动图以及左心室造影检测心功能．核素心肌显像观察心肌灌注，冠状动脉造影观察侧支循环形成．用TUNEL检测心肌细胞凋亡。结果把骨髓单个核细胞通过冠状动脉注射到猪心肌梗死模型，显示左心室dp／dtmax较对照组增高，心肌灌注显著改善。冠状动脉有侧支循环形成，缺血心肌细胞；较对照组减少了53．6％结论骨髓单个核细胞心肌内移植可改善心脏收缩功能，可能与移植细胞抑制心肌细胞凋亡有关。     

陈旧性前壁心肌梗死患者自体骨髓单个核细胞移植后左室心肌灌注及收缩功能的变化

目的　评价经冠状动脉内自体骨髓单个核细胞移植对陈旧性心肌梗死患者心功能和心肌灌注的影响及其安全性。方法与结果　入选 10例陈旧性前壁心肌梗死患者 ,在冠状动脉造影和介入治疗后 ,经冠状动脉内灌注导管将自体骨髓单个核细胞缓慢注入前降支。随访 3个月后 ,左室射血分数由术前 4 5 3%± 9 8%升高至 5 4 5 %± 6 5 % (P =0 0 0 3) ;2 0 1 Tl心肌灌注显像 (SPECT)显示左心室心肌灌注明显改善 ,即刻和延迟心肌灌注评分分别由术前的 2 9 5± 5 8和 2 8 6± 6 3降低至 2 3 9±5 7和 2 3 0± 6 1(P均 <0 0 1) ,没有手术有关的并发症和恶性心律失常发生。结论　陈旧性前壁心肌梗死患者经冠状动脉内自体骨髓单个核细胞移植 ,可显著改善左室收缩功能和心肌灌注 ,并且具有良好的临床操作安全性。     

自体骨髓单个核细胞移植对急性前壁心肌梗死患者预后研究

目的:观察经冠状动脉(冠脉)自体骨髓单个核细胞(mononuclear bone marrow cell,MBMC)移植对急性前壁心肌梗死患者心室重构、心肌组织血流灌注及左心室收缩功能的影响。方法:选取40例急性前壁心肌梗死患者,根据患者的意愿分干细胞移植组(20例,接受急诊经皮冠脉介入治疗 标准药物 经冠脉注入骨髓单个核细胞治疗)和常规治疗对照组(20例,接受急诊经皮冠脉介入治疗 标准药物治疗)。两组患者分别于术前、术后3个月、术后6个月进行6分钟步行实验、多谱勒心脏超声心动图、平衡法核素心血池显像(ENRA),并记录发病6个月内主要临床事件。结果:同常规治疗组相比,心室重构、心肌组织血流灌注及左心室收缩功能术后3个月各项指标两组无明显差异,术后6个月干细胞移植组较常规治疗组改善明显,有显著性差异(P<0.05)。结论:本研究提示自体骨髓单个核细胞经冠脉移植治疗急性心肌梗死是安全的,能改善患者心肌组织灌注、左心室收缩功能及优化心室重构。     

移植时机对骨髓单个核细胞治疗心肌梗死效果的初步研究

目的：研究经冠状动脉移植骨髓单个核细胞治疗心肌梗死的最佳时间窗。方法：结扎小型猪冠状动脉前降支90 min 再灌注制备心肌梗死模型,分为2小时移植组、2小时对照组、1周移植组和1周对照组,每组7只。移植组在结扎后2小时和1周经冠状动脉移植(8～10)×10~7个 PKH26标记的骨髓单个核细胞,对照组注射等体积培养基结扎后6周检测心功能变化并行了病理检查。结果：两个移植组在心肌梗死区均可找到移植细胞,其Ⅷ因子和 desmin 免疫组化染色均为阳性。血流动力学指标显示：结扎后6周较结扎后90分钟相比.2小时移植组的左心室压力最大下降速度和心排量显著升高(P＜0.05)；1周移植组的左心室舒张未压和心排量显著改善(P＜0.05)。超声心动图指标显示结扎后6周时2小时移植组的每搏排血量和心排量显著高于2小时对照组(P＜0.05)；1周移植绀结扎后6周-结扎前射血分数的差值明显高于1周对照组 (P＜0.05)。两移植组结扎后6周的各项指标均无显著差异(P 均＞0.05)。1周移植组梗死区的小血管数量明显高于2 小时移植组(P＜0.01)。结论：在结扎后2小时和1周时经冠状动脉移植的骨髓细胞均能定植于心肌梗死区,并可向心肌细胞和血管内皮细胞方向分化,有改善心功能的潜能。在结扎后1周移植能更有效地促进小血管新生。     

急诊经冠状动脉自体骨髓单个核细胞移植治疗急性心肌梗死的临床研究

目的评价急诊经冠状动脉内骨髓细胞移植治疗急性心肌梗死是否可行。方法20例发病在24h内的急性心肌梗死患者随机分成骨髓移植组(n=10)和对照组(n=10),分别在急诊经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)成功后3h内经导管注入自体骨髓单个核细胞或安慰剂至梗死相关冠状动脉。随访患者PCI术后1周及6个月左室射血分数(LVEF)、左心室舒张末期内径(LVDd)以及心肌灌注缺损指数。结果经胸心脏超声提示移植组LVEF由术后1周53.8%±9.2%升至58.6%±9.9%(P<0.05),而对照组无显著变化(58.2%±7.5%比56.3%±3.5%,P>0.05);随访移植组LVDd维持不变(52.5±2.8mm比52.1±3.2mm,P>0.05),而对照组LVDd由术后1周50.4±6.0mm增加至55.2±7.1mm(P<0.05)。单光子放射计算机断层显像术(SPECT)提示移植组心肌灌注缺损指数由21±11降低至13±10(P<0.01),而对照组变化不显著。结论急诊经冠状动脉自体骨髓单个核细胞移植可以显著改善急性心肌梗死患者远期左心室收缩功能和心肌血流灌注,并有效防止远期左心室扩大。     

双核素单光子断层显像评价骨髓单个核细胞移植后急性心肌梗死患者存活心肌变化

目的 利用双核素[^201 铊（Tl）及^18 F-脱氧葡萄糖（FDG）]单光子断层显像（SPECT）方法评价经冠状动脉自体骨髓单个核细胞（BM-MNC）移植对急性心肌梗死患者心功能和存活心肌的影响。方法 40例首次ST段抬高急性心肌梗死患者,成功完成PCI术后,随机分为细胞移植组（n=20）和对照组（n=20）,急诊冠状动脉造影术同时,经微导管于梗死相关动脉内支架远端注入自体BM-MNC悬液或等量的肝素生理盐水。研究终点为PCI术后6个月时双核素（^201 Tl及^18F-FDG）SPECT测定存活心肌的变化。结果 随访6个月时,两组患者左心室射血分数均有显著提高,但移植组患者左室射血分数改善幅度更显著[（7．6±2．8）％比（3．0±2．8）％,P〈0．001]。^201 Tl-SPECT显示移植组患者左心室心肌灌注明显改善,心肌灌注缺损面积减少（6．7±3．0）％,同时^18 F—FDG-SPECT结果显示梗死边缘区心肌灌注-代谢不匹配面积明显增加,提示存活心肌明显增加。结论 自体BM-MNC可以改善急性心肌梗死后梗死边缘区心肌灌注,增加局部存活心肌,提高左心室功能。     

骨髓单个核细胞移植和冠状动脉介入治疗后再狭窄关系的实验研究

目的研究骨髓单个核细胞移植对冠状动脉介入治疗后支架内再狭窄的影响。方法用球囊堵闭法制成小型猪急性前壁心肌梗死模型,喂养3周后在左前降支置入支架,同时提取骨髓分离单个核细胞,注入梗死相关血管。饲养4周后做冠状动脉造影定量分析狭窄程度。对支架两端血管组织学切片做苏木精-伊红和天狼猩红染色分析再狭窄原因。结果实验组8头小型猪中有4头发生再狭窄,再狭窄率为50%;对照组9头中有4头发生再狭窄,再狭窄率为44%,两组间比较差异无统计学意义;冠状动脉造影定量分析提示:骨髓单个核细胞治疗组冠状动脉支架内管腔晚期丢失为1·50±1·45mm,对照组为1·31±1·07mm(P=0·736),两组比较差异无统计学意义。结论在小型猪心肌缺血模型中,骨髓单个核干细胞移植不增加冠状动脉介入治疗后支架内再狭窄发生率。     

骨髓细胞移植对不同程度衰竭心脏功能恢复的研究

目的探讨骨髓干细胞移植(BMT)对哪种程度的心力衰竭更有效。方法结扎小型猪不同部位左前降支血管,造成不同程度心功能(左心室射血分数,LVEF)变化,2周后,将30只造模型成功动物随机分为3组,高LVEF(HLVEF,LVEF≥50%)组,中LVEF(MLVEF,50%>LVEF≥40%)组,低LVEF(LLVEF,LVEF<40%)组,每组分为两个亚组,各组随机经冠状动脉内移植骨髓单个核细胞或磷酸盐缓冲液(PBS),每组各5只动物。结果移植后4周,注射PBS动物LVEF呈进行性下降;而MLVEF+BMT组较移植前增加11.9%(P<0.05),明显高于HLVEF+BMT组和LLVEF+BMT组。冠状动脉造影显示,只有MLVEF+BMT组侧支循环数量较移植前有显著性增加。免疫组织化学显示,注射BMT的3组血管密度明显高于注射PBS的3组,以MLVEF+BMT组最明显。结论经冠状动脉内自体BMT更有利于中度心力衰竭受体心脏功能恢复和血流灌注改善。     

自体骨髓间充质干细胞和单个核细胞移植治疗冠心病的临床研究

目的　研究自体骨髓间充质干细胞 (BMSCs)和单个核细胞 (BMMNCs)经冠状动脉 (冠脉 )移植对冠心病、心肌梗死患者心功能的影响及其安全性。方法　 10例冠心病伴心肌梗死患者 ,通过冠脉转运将BMMNCs植入心肌梗死区 ,术前和术后 6个月分别行99mTc MIBI心肌灌注显像、二维超声心动图及动态心电图检查。结果　 3例患者因心肌梗死罪犯血管狭窄小于 5 0 %未行经皮冠状动脉介入术 (PCI) ,仅移植干细胞。余 7例患者在梗死相关冠脉开通后注入干细胞。 10例患者二维超声心动图检查示左心室射血分数 (LVEF)较术前平均增加 10 5 % (4 0 %～ 18% ) ,左心室舒张末期内径(LVDd)较术前平均减少 2 2mm(- 4mm～ 8mm) ,99mTc MIBI显示梗死部位心肌灌注明显改善。术中及术后随访 6～ 12月均无心律失常和其它合并症发生。结论　自体BMSCs和MMNCs经冠脉移植治疗冠心病心肌梗死 ,可以抑制左心室重构 ,改善心脏功能。     

自体骨髓单个核细胞移植治疗冠心病心力衰竭的临床研究

目的:评价经冠状动脉内注射自体骨髓单个核细胞治疗冠心病心力衰竭患者的有效性。方法:82例冠心病心力衰竭患者随机入选本项前瞻性、对照试验(其中49例患者为细胞移植组,33例为常规治疗组)。2组患者均接受标准药物治疗,细胞移植组49例患者同时接受自体骨髓单个核细胞移植。1年后随访临床情况及超声心动图、单光子放射计算机断层显像术和血浆脑钠肽测定结果,比较2组治疗前后心功能指标和心肌灌注缺损区面积。结果:细胞移植组与常规治疗组比较,左室射血分数增加,心肌灌注缺损面积降低,血浆脑钠肽下降,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:经皮冠状动脉内移植骨髓单个核细胞治疗冠心病心力衰竭,能有效改善左室收缩功能和心肌灌注。     

A heart within a heart

A 44‐year‐old man with a history of end‐stage dilated cardiomyopathy status‐post orthotopic cardiac transplant 14 years ago presented for coronary angiography in preparation for re‐operative tricuspid valve replacement. Coronary angiography revealed an anomalous origin of the left coronary artery, with a common coronary trunk arising from the right coronary cusp and bifurcating into right and left main coronary arteries. Interestingly, the right and left coronary arteries coursed to form the shape of a heart, hence, a heart within a heart! © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

冠心病和心力衰竭

冠心病心力衰竭（简称冠心病心衰）顾名思义是指由于冠心病引起的心力衰竭,据统计大约65％的心力衰竭由冠状动脉疾病引发的。冠心病心衰在临床上分急性和慢性两种,急性心衰主要由急性心肌梗死和急性冠脉缺血诱发的心肌收缩或舒张功能异常所致,慢性心衰主要是心肌梗死后心肌重塑和心肌的血供长期不足,心肌组织发生营养障碍和萎缩,以致纤维组织增生所致。由于冠心病导致心衰的成因不同,因此治疗上的侧重点就会有所不同,下面就对冠心病心衰发病机制及诊治作一浅谈。     

Congenital heart disease and heart failure

The syndrome of heart failure in adult non-congenital heart disease patients includes myocardial disease and ventricular dysfunction. In the presence of congenital abnormalities the cause of heart failure is often multi-factorial and can be a result of the underlying anomaly, surgical intervention, or ventricular dysfunction. Despite the possible clinical similarities, the two conditions are fundamentally different. In congenital heart disease the neurohormonal system is already abnormal even in the absence of clinical manifestations of heart failure and, in many cases, exercise intolerance is related to cyanosis. The approach to heart failure management in the two etiologies might be similar. Preventative attempts to preserve ventricular function in coronary or valve disease parallels early reparative therapy in congenital heart disease Pharmacological therapy is common for the two conditions, despite the limited number of evidence-based recommendations for congenital diseases. In drug-resistant patients, cardiac electrical resynchronization is an established therapy for treating ventricular asynchrony in non-congenital heart failure sufferers, but has only recently been adopted in selected congenital cases. Due to this, congenital heart disease patients are managed in highly specialized unites in close cooperation with cardiologists and surgeons. The ideal follow-up protocol for such patients remains to be determined, particularly in those individuals with subclinical signs of residual cardiac dysfunction. Heart Fail Monit 2008;6(1):2-8.     

Ischemic heart disease and heart weight

Separate weights for heart ventricle walls and interventricular septa were analyzed in 110 hearts with autopsy findings of ischemic heart disease (coronary atherosclerosis, recent or old myocardial infarcts) and with no other cardiac or systemic causes of cardiac enlargement. In hearts with coronary atherosclerosis alone (without old or recent myocardial infarcts) no weight increase was observed in the left ventricle when compared to 29 controls. Patients having infarcts associated with nonstenosing atherosclerosis (less than 50% of the luminal diameter narrowed) of the coronaries had normal heart weights as well. On the contrary, infarcts associated with stenosing coronary sclerosis (narrowing more than 50%) showed significant signs of left ventricular weight increase, which is interpreted as compensatory heart hypertrophy. The greatest degree of hypertrophy was observed in hearts with left ventricular aneurysms.     

Athletes' heart and echocardiography: athletes' heart

Sudden death of competitive athletes is rare. However, they continue to have an impact on both the lay and medical communities. These deaths challenge the perception that trained athletes represent the healthiest segment of modern society. There is an increasing frequency of such reported deaths worldwide and the visibility of this issue is underlined by the high-profile nature of each case. Differential diagnosis between pathological and the physiologic (nonpathological) responses to high levels of physical training has become clinically more important. The purpose of this review is to highlight the main echocardiograph characteristics related to different types of training/sports participation and to highlight already recognized and newer concepts in their clinical assessment.