凝胶减压垫在俯卧位手术患者预防压疮中的应用

目的观察凝胶减压垫在俯卧位手术患者预防压疮中的应用效果。方法选择200例俯卧位手术患者,按入院顺序分为观察组和对照组,每组各100例。对照组采用传统的棉垫纱布垫于患者压疮易发部位;观察组采用凝胶减压垫垫于患者压疮易发部位。比较两组患者的不舒适感和压疮发生情况。结果观察组没有1例发生压疮,对照组发生压疮8例,观察组压疮发生率及不舒适感低于对照组(均P<0.05)。结论凝胶减压垫能有效预防俯卧位患者在手术过程中压疮的发生。     

斜背垫与肩垫对颈仰卧位舒适度影响的比较分析

目的 选择有利于改善颈仰卧位舒适度的体位垫,改善颈仰卧位的舒适度,延长患者对颈仰卧位的耐受力,促进配合手术.方法 选用斜背垫代替肩垫摆置颈仰卧位,顺应脊柱生理弯曲,消除胸背悬空现象,并与肩垫摆置颈仰卧位舒适效果比较.结果 斜背垫均匀承受了躯干部位的压力,减轻了肩背和骶部的压力,肌肉放松,改善了躯干部分的舒适度,与肩垫比较,差异有统计学意义,P＜0.05.结论 斜背垫摆置颈仰卧位,手术体位的舒适度和体位稳定性优于肩垫摆置颈仰卧位,斜背垫可代替肩垫摆置颈仰卧位.     

现场救援手术快速侧卧位垫的研制

医疗安全是医疗质最的首要问题和最基本要求,已成为当前医院管理中最重要的课题之一。手术安全很重要,手术体位摆放对手术成功非常重要。正确的手术体位既让病人在手术中感到舒适和安全,     

Evaluation of an active seating system for pressure relief

In the first part of this study, the inflation-pressure and interface-pressure profiles of an active cushion system, the Talley active air bellows cushion, were examined continuously for one complete working cycle using the dynamic pressure monitor. The relationship between the inflation pressure and the interface pressure was explored. A well-defined relationship was found in the areas directly over the air bellows. In the second part of this study, the pressure-relieving characteristics of the active cushion were assessed quantitatively and compared to two types of passive cushions--the Roho high-profile air floatation cushion and the polyurethane (PU) foam cushion. Eight non-disabled subjects were positioned on the active cushion at two inflation-pressure levels--30 mmHg and 60 mmHg, or on the Roho or the PU foam cushions. Interface pressures were recorded using the Oxford pressure monitor. For the active cushion it was shown that the higher the inflation pressure was, the better the pressure-relieving characteristics seemed to be. In general, the pressure-relieving characteristics of the active cushion were not as good as those of the passive cushions being tested. The active cushion could alter the pressures over the ischial tuberosities cyclically but the amount of pressure alternation depended on the relative position of the ischial tuberosities and the air bellows.     

凹槽式体位垫的设计及在保留灌肠中的应用

保留灌肠是将药物灌入直肠或结肠内,通过肠黏膜吸收而发挥药效的临床常见护理操作之一,常用于治疗肠道、慢性盆腔炎等疾病[1 ].操作前护士要为患者取合适的体位,需要同时满足操作方便和使患者感觉舒适,避免因体位不当导致的操作时药液灌入不畅、患者不配合等现象[2 ].为探索提高患者灌肠时体位舒适度、方便护士操作又节省时间等的方...     

绿洲系列体位垫的临床应用

昆明某医院手术室自2004年1月以来,购进爱尔兰特鲁莱夫(Trulife)公司生产的绿洲(Oasis)系列体位垫,用于安置一些限制性手术体位,有效地防止了由于这些体位造成的手术病人不可逆的皮肤压伤和神经压迫性损伤。1使用方法1.1“U”型开放式头圈200mm×75mm×45mm,特点可塑性强。用途     

一体式俯卧位垫在改良折刀位手术患者中的应用

目的 研究一体式俯卧位垫在改良折刀位手术患者中的应用效果。 方法 选取2016年3月-2018年3月于我院接受改良折刀位手术治疗的痔疮患者84例为研究对象。采用随机数字表法将其分成研究组与对照组,每组各42例。2组患者术中均取俯卧位,对照组术中采用传统海绵垫,而研究组采用一体式俯卧位垫。比较2组平均动脉压、心率及术中压疮发生率。 结果 2组平均动脉压、心率在时间效应和组间效应上均具有统计学差异。研究组术中压疮发生率低于对照组(χ²=4.974,P=0.026)。 结论 一体式俯卧位垫应用于改良折刀位手术患者中,有利于维持患者平均动脉压及心率的稳定,减少术中压疮的发生,值得临床推广应用。     

侧卧位双囊充气垫在经皮椎间盘旋切中的应用

腰椎间盘突出症是一种常见病, 长期以来困扰着人们的工作、学习和生活.介入治疗是当今治疗腰椎间盘突出症的新方法之一, 其特点是不开刀、创伤小、痛苦少、并发症少、疗效可靠, 已在临床上广泛应用[1,2],病人经皮旋切治疗腰椎间盘脱出时应采取侧卧位,穿刺时脊柱应保持正常生理曲度.     

A cost-effective alternative to specialty beds for pressure relief

These study findings had an impact upon the costs of pressure relief. In one 28-day period before the inflatable overlays were added to the pressure relief menu, there were 303 patient charges for specialty beds. In contrast, 6 months after the overlays came into use, staff members had been educated and criteria for selection had been established; in a similar 28-day period, there were only 48 charges for specialty beds. Data over time also indicated that those patients who needed specialty beds used them for a shorter period of time and then were transferred onto an inflatable overlay. This decrease in patient charges resulted in an annual savings of more than $200,000. More important than the cost factor, however, is the benefit the inflatable overlay has provided those patients who are at risk for the development or extension of impaired skin by significantly relieving pressure.     

改良俯卧位垫在颈椎后路手术中的应用

采用俯卧体位行颈后路手术,因切口暴露充分、便于手术操作,已被骨科医生广泛接受并采用.俯卧位垫对于颈椎后路手术体位的摆放起到关键作用,我院于2002年2月-2004年7月将改良的卧位垫应用于颈椎后路手术病人,取得良好的临床效果.现报告如下.……     

改良俯卧位垫在颈椎后路手术中的应用

采用俯卧体位行颈后路手术，因切口暴露充分、便于手术操作，已被骨科医生广泛接受并采用。俯卧位垫对于颈椎后路手术体位的摆放起到关键作用，我院于2002年2月-2004年7月将改良的卧位垫应用于颈椎后路手术病人，取得良好的临床效果。现报告如下。     

The pressure relief needs of haemodialysis patients

Patients who require regular haemodialysis are at risk of pressure damage. Staff and patients in one renal unit had limited knowledge of the risk factors. Once needs were identified, guidelines were introduced and equipment purchased.     

Quantification of pressure relief using interface pressure and tissue perfusion in alternating pressure air mattresses

OBJECTIVE: To examine whether the interface pressure (IP) relief provided by alternating pressure air mattresses (APAMs) is matched with maintenance of tissue perfusion over the points of contact by measuring transcutaneous oxygen and carbon dioxide (tcPO2, tcPCO2). DESIGN: Comparative analysis of 2 APAMs with a 2-parameter continuous time-based method for quantifying pressure relief (PR) and transcutaneous gas measurement for assessing tissue perfusion. SETTING: Rehabilitation research facility in a university hospital. PARTICIPANTS: Eleven able-bodied adult postgraduate student volunteers. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Two full-replacement APAM systems were used. For each mattress the mean maximum and minimum interface pressures; mean peak air pressures in the mattresses; interface pressure durations below 30, 20, and 10 mmHg over a 60-minute period; mean maximum tcPCO2 and minimum tcPO2; and mean area under the tcPO2 and tcPCO2 curves were measured for each subject. RESULTS: IP on the sacrum was held below thresholds of 30, 20, and 10 mmHg longer on a 2-cell, low pressure system than on a 3-cell, high pressure system (p < .001). Integrated over time, tcPO2 levels also indicated that the 2-cell system retained oxygen levels closer to the unloaded baseline than did the 3-cell system (p < .01). tcPCO2 levels did not rise significantly (p > 0.1) compared with the baseline measurement in both mattresses. CONCLUSIONS: PR was sensitive to the design of the APAM, especially its inflation pressure, cycle time, and inflation sequence. If future trials demonstrate that PR values and transcutaneous blood gas measurements correlate significantly with the clinical incidence of pressure sore formation, then this technique may prove useful in assessing the effectiveness of alternating pressure support surfaces.     

An integrative review of pressure relief in surgical patients

Effective patient positioning has been an important issue throughout the history of the nursing profession. Pressure ulcers result from prolonged pressure, which causes skin, tissue, or muscle damage. Surgical patients present a unique challenge in preventing pressure ulcers because they are immobile and unable to perceive the discomfort of prolonged pressure. The purpose of this integrative review is to examine risk factors associated with pressure ulcer development in surgical patients and to examine pressure-relieving support surfaces to determine if they significantly reduce intraoperative tissue pressure and result in a lower incidence of postoperative pressure ulcers. Most of the research focuses on long-term care units, with little attention given to the acute care setting. Although the pathophysiology and etiology of pressure ulcers are well documented by years of research, the OR as an etiologic factor is largely undefined.     

Comparison of three wheelchair cushions for effectiveness of pressure relief.

OBJECTIVE: Previous studies have suggested that no single wheelchair pressure-relieving cushion material was optimal for all persons with spinal cord injury (SCI). The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of the short-term pressure-relieving ability of the three most commonly prescribed wheelchair cushions (Roho, Jay, Pindot) for a person with SCI. METHOD: The number of pressure sensors registering at the buttock-cushion interface during wheelchair sitting was measured by the Xsensor Pressure Mapping System after 5 min of sitting. An alternating treatments research design, with an initial baseline and a final treatment phase ending with the most effective cushion for relieving pressure, was used for the clinical evaluation. Measurements were compared using visual inspection and a Wilcoxon signed ranks test. RESULTS: Data analyses indicated that the number of pressure sensors that registered potential harmful levels of pressure at the buttock-cushion interface for the Roho cushion was significantly less than those of the Jay and Pindot cushions. CONCLUSION: The Roho cushion was more effective in relieving pressure at the seating surface than the Jay and Pindot cushions.     

波浪床结合创面封闭负压引流及延期减张缝合治疗Ⅳ期压力性溃疡的临床研究

目的 观察波浪床、创面封闭负压引流及延期减压缝合治疗Ⅳ期压力性溃疡（PU）的效果。方法 将46例符合人选标准的Ⅳ期PU患者随机分成治疗组和对照组，每组23例。2组患者在实施原发病常规治疗的基础上，治疗组采用波浪床、创面封闭负压引流及延期减张缝合进行治疗，对照组采用传统疗法进行治疗。每日测量PU的大小，并按压力性溃疡愈合评估表3（Push Tool 3．0）评分；每周一取创面肉芽进行光镜及电镜检查。结果 治疗第50天时，治疗组Push Tool 3．0评分与对照组相比，差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。治疗50d后，治疗组PU的光镜及电镜下改变较对照组明显改善。结论 波浪床结合创面封闭负压引流及延期减张缝合可加速PU愈合，改善其光镜及电镜下改变。