肺曲菌球的影像检查技术及影像学表现

目的探讨肺曲菌球的影像检查技术及X线表现。方法15例经手术病理证实的肺曲菌病患者,采用常规X线照片、体层及CT等检查技术,通过集体读片分析其影像学特征。结果与病理对照,单纯胸片检查诊断符合率60%(9/15),胸片加体层诊断符合率80%(12/15),而胸片加CT诊断符合率达93.3%(14/15)。其中较有特征的征象“新月征”40%(6/15),“气环征”20%(3/15),曲菌球可随体位改变33.3%(5/15)。结论“新月征”、“气环征”以及球形病灶随体位改变可作为肺曲菌球的影像学特征。     

肺内支气管囊肿的CT表现

目的 :提高对肺内支气管囊肿的影像学认识。方法 :收集20例经手术病理证实的肺内支气管囊肿,分析其CT表现特点。结果:单发15例,多发5例。CT表现为空腔型14例,球灶型1例,蜂窝型5例。14例空腔型薄壁及厚壁分别为8例、6例;1例球灶型为薄壁;5例蜂窝型囊肿壁厚薄不均。15例有曲菌球寄生,3例见囊壁钙化,2例囊腔内容物有钙化。19例囊肿周围肺组织见斑片实变影,3例见周围肺组织透亮度增高。结论:肺内支气管囊肿CT表现为肺内含气或含液囊腔影,单发或多发,临床上伴发感染多见,腔内常寄生曲菌球。     

肺曲霉菌病的分型CT 诊断及鉴别诊断

目的：探讨不同类型肺曲霉菌病的C T表现特点,为临床诊断提供诊断依据。方法回顾性分析32例经临床证实肺曲霉菌病的CT图像,总结不同类型肺曲霉菌病的CT影像特点。结果单发一个肺叶曲霉菌球5例,变态反应介导的肺曲菌病8例,侵袭性肺曲霉菌病19例;单侧病灶12例,双侧病灶20例。结论不同类型肺曲霉菌病C T 表现有一定的特征性,这些特点有助于提高对本病的认识,降低临床漏诊及误诊率。     

肺郎格汉斯细胞组织细胞增生症的HRCT影像表现及病理基础文献复习

目的提高对肺郎格汉斯细胞组织细胞增生症(PLCH)的高分辨CT(HRCT)影像表现的认识。方法回顾性分析9例PLCH患者的HRCT影像资料,结合文献分析其病理基础。结果 9例患者胸部HRCT均表现为星芒状结节、"空洞"结节、厚壁囊腔、薄壁囊腔及不规则形囊腔等五种形态病灶,间隔以正常肺组织,部分结节显示为长形结构。其中6例星芒状结节多见,6例厚壁囊腔多见,8例薄壁囊腔多见,4例不规则形囊腔多见,所有病例"空洞"结节少见。4例病灶多数分布于两侧中上肺,余5例两肺病灶广泛分布;其中3例两侧中上肺囊性病灶较多,而两下肺病变多为结节病灶;1例以两肺广泛结节病灶为主;1例以两肺广泛纤维化囊性病灶为主,且部分囊壁呈"火焰"状改变。8例患者两上肺可见大量薄壁囊腔病灶,其中7例出现自发性气胸。结论 HRCT可清晰显示PLCH病灶的形态及分布,且具有特征性的影像表现。正确理解PLCH病灶的病理基础有助于提高对该病HRCT影像表现的认识。     

肺结核球的CT表现

目的探讨肺结核球的CT表现及其鉴别诊断。方法选择40例经临床和病理证实的肺结核球及40例经手术病理证实的周围型肺癌,将其资料进行对比分析。结果结核球好发于背侧肺段;密度大多均匀,边界光整,部分病例可见粗长毛刺;病灶内部常见弥散小钙化点,靠近边缘的弧形钙化,钙化面积大于病灶的10%;薄、厚壁空洞内缘光整或裂隙状空洞;增强扫描病灶不强化或环状强化;病灶周围的卫星病灶及胸膜增厚;肺门、纵隔淋巴结钙化,不肿大。抗结核治疗后复查病变吸收慢或略吸收、不吸收。结论综合分析各种CT征象,结合临床资料其诊断准确率可提高;对一时不能确诊的病例,应做CT引导下穿刺检查。     

胸部肉芽肿性病变的CT诊断

目的探讨胸部肉芽肿性病变的CT诊断和鉴别诊断。方法对手术病理证实的13例胸部肉芽肿性病变(结核性5例,真菌性3例,结节病2例,韦格纳肉芽肿2例,嗜酸性肉芽肿1例)患者的临床资料和CT图像资料进行分析,对CT表现进行总结。结果(1)肉芽肿性病变在肺部多表现为结节或肿块影,单发或多发,均可有空洞形成,以结核、真菌、韦格纳肉芽肿常见。(2)空洞(空腔)内可动性肿块影伴新月征或气环征是肺曲菌球的影像学特征。(3)肺门和纵隔淋巴结肿大,多为双侧性,且呈对称性分布是I期结节病的特征。(4)病灶的多发性、多样性、坏死并形成空洞是韦格纳肉芽肿特征。(5)嗜酸性肉芽肿主要特征是结节和气囊。结论通过对胸部肉芽肿性病变CT特征分析,并结合临床资料,可以明显提高诊断的正确率。     

原发性肺隐球菌病的CT表现

目的:分析原发性肺隐球菌病的CT表现,以提高对该病的认识。方法:回顾性分析我院9例经病理证实的原发性肺隐球菌病患者的临床及胸部CT表现。结果:9例原发性肺隐球菌病患者,男7例,女2例,有基础病变5例。结节肿块型5例(56%);实变型1例(11%);混合型3例(33%);右肺病灶4例,双肺均有病灶5例。3例可见树芽征,4例可见空洞。病灶均分布在下肺外周带和胸膜下。4例手术切除,5例治疗后CT随访斑片影吸收和结节影减少缩小,2例治疗过程中出现空洞。结论:原发性肺隐球菌病CT表现多样,无特异性,CT追踪检查能较敏感准确的反映病灶的变化,认识此病的CT表现有助于该病的及时诊断和鉴别诊断。     

肺曲菌病临床X线与CT检查（附四例报告）

1肺内病变可继发曲菌寄生感染，并引起影像改变。由于大多缺乏特征表现，易造成漏诊或误诊。但某些征象具有一定特征性，可作为本病诊断依据。现将我院4例经多次痰检、支气管镜取物活检或手术病理证实报道如下。临床资料女1例，男3例。年龄31～60岁，平均45岁。病变均发生于右上肺叶（l例肺结核治疗后继发曲菌浸润，2例支气管囊肿内曲菌球并发周围结核；1例慢性空洞型肺结核曲菌球寄生）。均行多次痰培养、支气管镜取物活检，其中3例病理确诊。4例中，3例肺手术切除后病理证实，1例经抗霉菌药物治疗有效，临床症状及X线表现好转，符合诊断…     

肺真菌病的 CT 诊断

目的：探讨肺真菌病的CT影像特点。方法回顾性分析9例经手术、病理、真菌培养及临床治疗随访证实的肺真菌病的CT表现。结果9例肺真菌病表现炎性浸润改变5例,真菌球2例,混合型2例,除2例真菌球外所有病灶均呈多叶分布。结论肺真菌病CT表现多样化,结合其特征性改变及临床病史有助于诊断。     

肺棘球蚴病的CT诊断

目的分析肺棘球蚴病的CT表现,评价CT检查的价值.方法23例经手术病理证实为肺棘球蚴病的患者均经CT检查,分析CT表现特点,并对照手术病理结果.结果23例均为单发病灶,右肺15例,左肺8例,下肺多于上肺;CT检查大致分为2型：单纯肿块型7例,表现大小不等、外形欠规则的实性肿块,边缘毛糙,可见浅分叶,周围肺野可见少许纤维影,6例病灶内见弧形或斑点状钙化;肿块呈囊腔型16例,表现为肺内含囊腔肿块,囊腔大小不等,可呈偏心改变;病灶呈球形或不规则型,边缘毛糙,欠光整,周围肺野见棘状或片絮状改变,4例因囊膜剥离形成＂水蛇征＂或＂飘带征＂;囊肿钙化7例,表现为囊壁呈弧线形钙化,或伴有内容物的斑点状钙化.结论CT检查能准确显示肺棘球蚴病的部位和形态特征,对该病的诊断和治疗有重要意义.     

MSCT后处理技术对真菌性肺炎的诊断及鉴别诊断价值

目的：探讨多层螺旋CT薄层图像与MPR图像在诊断真菌性肺炎中的临床价值,提高对该病的诊断水平。方法：搜集45例具有完整临床、实验室检查、病理组织学及CT检查资料的肺部真菌感染病例,回顾性分析其常规CT图像、薄层图像及MPR图像的CT征象。结果：白色念珠菌感染12例,曲霉菌感染14例,隐球菌感染8例,毛霉菌感染5例,放线菌感染3例,马尔尼菲青霉菌感染3例。肺部真菌感染的CT表现如下：空洞为主型15例,表现为一个或几个肺叶内单发或多发大小不等空洞性病灶,部分空洞周围见“晕征”,部分空洞内呈典型“鸟巢征”;肺炎样实变或支气管肺炎样变16例,呈小片状或大片状阴影,见支气管充气征及周边密度趋淡即“晕征”;结节或肿块8例,结节或肿块可伴有空洞、“晕征”、毛刺或分叶征;曲菌球6例,呈圆形或椭圆形,并可见“新月征”。薄层CT图像结合MPR图像在显示“晕征”、磨玻璃影、网格、线样影及小结节等cT征象明显优于普通cT（P〈0．05）,其余征象无明显差异（P〉0．05）,但薄层cT结合MPR图像能更清楚地显示病灶范围。结论：多层螺旋CT薄层图像结合MPR图像有助于肺真菌感染的诊断,真菌性肺炎有一定相对特征性改变,掌握真菌性肺炎的CT表现特征,结合临床综合分析,可提高诊断准确性。     

Intrathoracic aspergilloma: role of CT in diagnosis and treatment

The authors describe the computed tomographic (CT) appearances of aspergilloma in 26 patients. With narrow (3-mm) sections, a bone algorithm, and wide window settings, CT scans enabled accurate identification of both the forming aspergilloma as well as the mature fungus ball in 25 cases. The diagnostic accuracy of CT was confirmed histologically in nine cases. The radiologic concept of the aspergilloma as a solid mass partially surrounded by a crescent of air is no longer tenable as the only definite criterion for diagnosis. In cases in which this classic appearance is seen on CT scans, mobility is easily demonstrated with use of prone and supine positions. In other cases, the aspergilloma appears as an irregular spongework containing air spaces and filling the cavity, obliterating the air crescent sign. The fungus ball is therefore fixed and immobile. Forming aspergillomas can also be identified by the fungal strands that fall into the cavity lumen, trapping air and initiating the sponge-work appearance. The CT appearance in patients with positive precipitins is characteristic and allows earlier diagnosis than does conventional tomography.     

Changes in CT appearance of intrathoracic gossypiboma over 10 years

An intrathoracic gossypiboma is a rare condition. Moreover, intrathoracic gossypibomas with intrapulmonary location are extremely rare and only a few cases of intrapulmonary gossypiboma have been published. Usually gossypiboma has the characteristic CT appearance of a soft tissue mass with high attenuation, air bubbles and a whirl-like pattern, but its radiological manifestations may be variable according to the location and chronicity of the sponge. We report a case of intrathoracic gossypiboma initially misdiagnosed as an aspergilloma owing to its intrapulmonary location and air crescent sign on CT. In addition, our case will show morphological changes of the gossypiboma on CT during the 10 year follow-up period and correlate the CT findings with pathological results.     

肺曲菌病的CT影像诊断

目的：探讨肺曲菌病的CT表现和诊断价值。方法：本组病例6例,分别经手术病理和治疗随访证实,男性3例,女性3例,年龄32~60岁。5例有轻重不一的发热、咳嗽、胸痛、铁锈色痰或血丝痰,1例无任何症状和体征。采用SIEMENS SENSATION 16层螺旋CT,6例均行CT平扫。肺窗：WW1500HU,WC-500HU;纵隔窗：WW400HU,WC40HU。4例加行多方位图像重建（MPR）。结果：病灶位于右肺2例,左肺4例。2例表现为孤立性实质性结节,直径10 mm-37 mm,类圆形,边缘可见棘突及＂晕影＂。4例为空洞性结节,直径15 mm~87 mm,其中2例具有＂新月＂征,2例具有＂滚珠＂征。结论：肺曲菌病早期影像表现缺乏特征性,当病变局限形成曲菌球,尤其具备＂新月征＂和＂滚珠征＂时,才是CT诊断的可靠依据。     

34例肺真菌病的临床影像学表现

目的：加深对各种肺真菌病的临床影像学认识,提高影像学诊断水平。资料与方法：对34例经手术、痰检、脑脊液培养证实的肺真菌病的临床影像学资料进行随访和回顾性分析。结果：影像学表现有：团块状球形病灶共19例（其中6例有“新月征”,4例有“空气支气管征”,3例边缘有“毛刺征”,2例有“晕征”）。两肺或一肺斑点状小结节状病灶共11例。大的肺脓肿改变1例。大片状实变1例。纵隔淋巴结增大伴胸腔或心包积液1例。结论：本病临床症状无特征性,病史有参考价值。在影像表现上球形病灶有新月征、空气支气管征、晕征对本病有提示价值,如发现半月形空洞内有随体改变的“洞中球征”,对肺曲菌病有重要诊断价值。本病的确诊需病理和细菌学检查。     

Spectrum of pulmonary aspergillosis: histologic, clinical, and radiologic findings.

Aspergillosis is a serious pathologic condition caused by Aspergillus organisms and is frequently seen in immunocompromised patients. At computed tomography (CT), saprophytic aspergillosis (aspergilloma) is characterized by a mass with soft-tissue attenuation within a lung cavity. The mass is typically separated from the cavity wall by an airspace ("air crescent" sign) and is often associated with thickening of the wall and adjacent pleura. CT findings in allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis consist primarily of mucoid impaction and bronchiectasis involving predominantly the segmental and subsegmental bronchi of the upper lobes. Aspergillus necrotizing bronchitis may manifest as an endobronchial mass, obstructive pneumonitis or collapse, or a hilar mass. Bronchiolitis is characterized by centrilobular nodules and branching linear or nodular areas of increased attenuation ("tree-in-bud" pattern). Obstructing bronchopulmonary aspergillosis mimics allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis at CT and manifests as bilateral bronchial and bronchiolar dilatation, large mucoid impactions, and diffuse lower lobe consolidation caused by postobstructive atelectasis. Characteristic CT findings in angioinvasive aspergillosis consist of nodules surrounded by a halo of ground-glass attenuation ("halo sign") or pleura-based, wedge-shaped areas of consolidation. Although imaging findings in pulmonary aspergillosis may be nonspecific, in the appropriate clinical setting, familiarity with the CT findings may suggest or even help establish the diagnosis.     

侵袭性肺曲霉菌病的影像学诊断

目的 探讨侵袭性肺曲霉菌病（IPA）的X线及CT表现，提高对该病的认识。方法回顾性分析经病原学或病理组织学证实的IPA6例（男4例、女2例）。基础病变包括肾移植术后5例及白血病1例，全部病例均行胸部X线及CT检查。结果4例表现为多发斑片状及片状影，其中2例伴空洞形成，1例表现为多发小结节影，1例表现为单发团块状影。影像诊断肺霉菌病3例，误诊3例。结论IPA的影像学表现无特异性，影像学检查结合临床资料对本病的诊断有一定价值。     

以反晕征为主要CT表现的继发性肺结核影像特征分析

目的探讨以反晕征为主要CT表现的继发性肺结核的影像学特征,以提高对此类不典型肺结核的诊断水平。方法搜集经临床证实的以反晕征为主要CT表现的继发性肺结核患者12例,结合相关文献,对其影像学和临床资料进行回顾性分析和总结。结果共发现反晕征病灶97个:上叶63个(以尖、后段为主),下叶背段19个,其余肺叶、肺段15个;1例单发,其余11例多发。CT或HRCT表现:12例均见反晕征,呈类圆形、边界较清,内见结节、树芽征,外环不光滑。病灶周围可见卫星灶和其他间质性改变,包括:小叶内网格状阴影(12/12)、微结节(12/12)、树芽征(10/12)、小叶间隔增厚(7/12)、细支气管壁增厚(6/12)和磨玻璃样密度影(5/12)。伴随征象:空洞1例(痰菌阳性),胸腔积液2例,实变3例,胸膜受累3例,钙化4例。结论以反晕征为主要CT表现的继发性肺结核患者影像学具有一定特征性,结合临床资料,可对其诊断和鉴别诊断提供一定帮助。     

含气支气管征在CT诊断周围型小肺癌的价值

目的:探讨周围型小肺癌内含气支气管的病理基础、CT表现及其诊断价值。方法:回顾性分析经手术病理证实的46例周围型小肺癌(直径≤3 cm)及22例孤立性良性结节含气支气管征的薄层CT表现,其中腺癌31 例,细支气管肺泡癌6例,鳞癌5例,腺鳞癌3例,小细胞癌1例。结果:46 例肺癌中,CT上显示含气支气管征20 例(43.5%),其中腺癌显示含气支气管征17例、肺泡癌2例、鳞癌1例,其他类型的肺癌未见此征。病灶内含气支气管影形态改变主要表现为管腔不规则狭窄、扭曲、扩张与中断。22例良性结节中,CT显示含气支气管征1例,其影像表现为管腔通畅,形态无明显异常。结论:孤立性肺结节内含气支气管征的出现,特别是形态学改变对周围型小肺癌的诊断具有重要的临床价值。     

Aspergilloma Morphology on Computed Tomography Angiography and its Clinical Impact in Patients of Haemoptysis

Amongst various manifestations of pulmonary aspergillosis, chronic pulmonary aspergillosis (CPA) is the most common. We conducted this study to identify different morphological forms of CPA, on computed tomography angiography (CTA), and to correlate these with clinical presentation, as well as, associated imaging features. The study design was cross-sectional, with a final sample size of 65 patients, recruited over a period of 2years from January 2017 to October 2018. Patients with past history of tuberculosis (TB), presenting with haemoptysis and found to have aspergilloma on computed tomography and lab tests were included in the study. All patients underwent CTA for evaluation of haemoptysis. Three morphological types of intracavitary aspergilloma on imaging were identified: type 1-nodular soft tissue along the cavity-wall, type-2 soft tissue density with multiple air lucencies and type-3 homogenous soft tissue opacity with air-crescent sign. Aspergilloma types were correlated with grade and duration of haemoptysis, associated imaging findings and vascularity score on CTA. Mean age of the patients was 40.97 +/- 13.69 years. As the type of aspergilloma changed from 1 to 3, there was a decrease in cavity wall thickness, peri-cavitary inflammation and vascularity. It is the type 1 and 2 aspergillomas, which caused more inflammation in the lungs, and hence recruited more abnormal vasculature. No significant correlation was found between haemoptysis severity and type of aspergilloma; type 3 aspergilloma however had longer duration of haemoptysis.In conclusion, the initial stages of formation of aspergilloma (type 1 and 2) cause more parenchymal inflammation and symptoms. The classical Monod sign is observed in the late stage of aspergilloma, since the peri-cavitary inflammation is reduced by then and thus the symptoms.