国产替硝唑胶囊剂人体药物动力学及其相对生物利用度

１０名健康志愿者随机交叉一次口服１ｇ受试替耠唑胶囊或参比片剂。用高效液相－紫外（ＨＰＬＣ－ＵＶ）检测法测定其血药浓度经时过程。胶囊和片剂的主要药动力参数分别为：ｔ１／２ｋ（１４．４８±１．３８）ｈ和（１５．１０±０．８３）ｈ,Ｃｍａｘ（２０．５７±２．１３）ｍｇ．Ｌ＾－１和（１９．３６±２．３１）ｍｇ．Ｌ＾－１,ＡＵＣ（４９７．６２±５０．６２）ｍｇ．ｈ．Ｌ＾－１和（４７７．３９±４４．１５）ｍｇ     

μ—硒化卡拉胶与亚硒酸钠在兔的吸收与分布比较

给兔灌胃Ｋａｐｐａ－硒化卡拉胶３８ｍｇ．ｋｇ＾－１和亚酸钠１ｍｇ．ｋｇ＾－１，结果显示μ－ＳｅＣ组血Ｓｅ水平的ＡＵＣ０－７２ｈ为１２．８９±３．１３ｍｇ．Ｌ＾－１．ｈ，显著高于亚硒酸钠组的８．６６±１．２０ｍｇ．Ｌ＾－１．ｈ（Ｐ＜０．０５）；μ－ＳｅＣ和亚硒酸钠组的Ｃｍａｘ分别为０．５５６±０．０８６ｍｇ．Ｌ＾－１和０．４９３±０．０９１Ｓｅｍｇ．Ｌ＾－１（ｐ＞０．０５），Ｔｍａｘ分别为４．６５±     

克拉霉素胶囊的人体相对生物利用度研究

目的：研究健康中国青年志愿者单剂量口服克拉霉素后的药代动力学和相对生物利用度。方法：采用微生物法测定,血药浓度—时间数据用３Ｐ９７ 程序拟合计算药动学参数与生物利用度。结果：国产克拉霉素胶囊试验品与进口克拉霉素片剂对照品的Ｔｍ ａｘ分别为（１．２６±０．３６） ｈ 和（１．３２±０．３５） ｈ,Ｃｍａｘ分别为（２．４５６±０．４３０） ｍ ｇ／Ｌ和（２．２４６±０．３３８） ｍ ｇ／Ｌ,ＡＵＣ０－ ２４ｈ分别为（１５．１８９±２．７１８） ｍ ｇ／（Ｌ·ｈ）和（１５．６５１±２．５５７） ｍ ｇ／（Ｌ·ｈ）。经配对ｔ检验、方差分析检验差异无显著性（Ｐ＞ ０．０５）。结论：国产克拉霉素胶囊和进口克拉霉素片剂具有生物等效性。     

国产依诺沙星片剂的生物利用度及药动学参数

８名健康志愿者口服依诺沙星原粉及片剂后的体内过程符合血管外一室模型。单剂空腹口服原粉和片剂４００ｍｇ的平均血高峰浓度分别为３．６５±１．１３ｍｇ／Ｌ和３．１４±０．９２ｍｇ／Ｌ，消除半衰期分别为４．７４±０．７５ｈ和４．８２±０．７２ｈ，经统计学处理，原粉及片剂的Ｃｍａｘ，Ｔ１／２ｋｅ，ＡＵＣ均无显著性差异。与原粉比较，片剂的相对生物利用度为１０１．４％。单剂空腹口服原粉，片剂４００ｍｇ后２４ｈ的     

盐酸二甲双胍胶囊的药动学与相对生物利用度研究

目的　研究盐酸二甲双胍胶囊在正常人体内的药物动力学和相对生物利用度。方法　１０ 例健康男性志愿者,随机分为两组,分别交叉口服盐酸二甲双胍胶囊和片剂采用通过反相 Ｈ Ｐ Ｌ Ｃ 法测定盐酸二甲双胍在体内的药物浓度。结果　口服１ ０００ ｍｇ 盐酸二甲双胍胶囊片剂的达峰时间（ Ｔｍａｘ） 分别为１８３ ｈ ±０５６ ｈ 和１８３ ｈ ±０５０ ｈ ;峰浓度（ Ｃｍａｘ） 分别为２２５ ｍｇ· Ｌ－ １ ±０４９ ｍｇ· Ｌ－ １ 和２２４ ｍｇ· Ｌ－ １±０５０ ｍｇ· Ｌ－ １ ;消除半衰期（ Ｔ１／２β） 分别为２４０ ｈ ±０２３ ｈ和２４０ ｈ ±０２８ ｈ ;药时曲线下面积（ Ａ Ｕ Ｃ） 分别为１３４１ ｍｇ·ｈ － １· Ｌ－ １ ±３５５ ｍｇ·ｈ － １· Ｌ－ １ 和１２９９ ｍｇ·ｈ － １· Ｌ－ １ ±３３９ｍｇ·ｈ － １· Ｌ－ １ ,经ｔ 检验,两种剂型的药代动力学参数无显著性差异;口服盐酸二甲双胍胶囊对其片剂的相对生物利用度为１０３２４ ％ 。结论　两种制剂具有生物等效性。     

国产麦迪霉素胃溶片的药代动力学和生物利用度研究

对国产和进口麦迪霉素的生物利用度进行了比较研究。１０名健康志愿者交叉口服单剂量国产和进口麦迪霉素胃溶片６００ｍｇ，应用ＨＰＬＣ法测定其血药浓度，并采用３Ｐ８７程序处理实验数据。结果表明，麦迪霉素口服吸收表现为一室开放模型；口服国产与进口麦迪霉素胃溶片的Ｃｍａｘ分别为０．１１９和０．１３９ｍｇ／Ｌ，Ｔｍａｘ分别为０．５０±０．４５和０．４５±０．３４ｈ，ＡＵＣ分别为０．２０１５和０．２０２１ｍｇ／（ｈ·Ｌ），经统计学处理，两者无显著差异（Ｐ＞０．０５），国产麦迪霉素胃溶片相对生物利用度为９８．７２％，提示国产与进口麦迪霉素胃溶片剂具有生物等效性     

硫酸亚铁在健康人体内的药代动力学

应用亚铁嗪法测定１０名健康志愿者口服硫酸亚铁片剂６００ｍｇ后血药浓度变化及药代动力学参数值。经拟合其血药浓度－时间曲线符合有滞后时间的－房室分布模型。测定参数值如下：吸收速率常数（Ｋａ）０．６６±０．１７ｈ￣（－１）；消除速率常数（Ｋｅ）０．７±０．０５ｈ￣（－１）；达峰时间（Ｔｍａｘ）３．３８±０．５３ｈ；血浆消除半衰期ｔ（１／２）４．３５±１．４３ｈ；峰浓度（Ｃｍａｘ）１．９９±０．６６ｍｇ／Ｌ；曲线下面积（ＡＵＣ）１９．６９±７．４ｍｇ·ｈ￣（－１）·Ｌ￣（－１）；肾清除率（ＣＬ）０．１１±０．０５Ｌ·ｈ￣（－１）；表观分布容积（Ｖｄ）０．７３±０．４４Ｌ·ｋｇ￣（－１）；平均滞留时间（ＭＲＴ）１１．７１±１．８８ｈ；迟后时间（ＬａｇＴｉｍｅ）０．５６±０．３９ｈ。     

人体内卡托普利的药物地这及其生物利用度

１０名健康志愿都随机交叉口服单剂量３０ｍｇ两种国产卡托普利片后，用对溴苯乙酸基溴（ｐ－ＢＰＢ）作为化学稳定剂以及衍生化试剂，采用ＨＰＬＣ法测得血浆中药物浓度达峰分别在０．５７±０．１２ｈ（样品）和０．５６±０．１７ｈ（对照品），峰值（Ｃｍａｘ）分别为２８９．２±１０１．３和２６６．５±８３．８ｎｇ／ｍｌ，药时曲线下面积ＡＵＣ０－∞）分别为３９３．８±６３．７（样品）和３８３．０４９４．ｎｇ．ｈ／ｍ     

血清α－L－岩藻糖苷酶活力测定对原发性肝癌的诊断意义

测定了原发性肝癌７７例（ＰＨＣ组），肝硬化３５例（ＤＣ组），消化系统其他恶性肿瘤患者３３例（ＤＳＣ组）及健康人１００例（ＮＣ组）血清α－Ｌ－岩藻糖苷酶（ＡＦＵ）活力。结果表明：ＰＨＣ组ＡＦＵ（６６９．６±１９１．５ｎｍｏｌ·ｍｌ￣（－１）·ｈ￣（－１））显著高于ＮＣ组（３１４．３±６７．０ｎｍｏｌ·ｍｌ￣（－１）·ｈ￣（－１），Ｐ＜０．０１），ＤＳＣ组（３９０．６±１０２．３ｎｍｏｌ·ｍｌ￣（－１）·ｈ￣（－１），Ｐ＜０．０１）和ＤＣ组（４５８．３±１５０．１ｎｍｏｌ·ｍｌ￣（－１）·ｈ￣（－１），Ｐ＜０．０５）。其诊断敏感性和特异性分别为７１．４％和８９．３％，与ＡＦＰ联合检测时ＰＨＣ组总的阳性检出率达８８．２％。     

口服单剂量5-单硝基异山梨醇酯缓释胶囊的人体相对生物利用度研究

选健康志愿者１２名,随机交叉单次口服法国产的５－单硝基异山梨醇酯缓释胶囊（ｂ）和国产的５－单硝基异山梨醇酯缓释胶囊（ａ）,分别于服药后按规定时间取静脉血,用气相色谱法测定血浆中５－单硝基异山梨醇酯浓度。结果：两种制剂的Ｃ_（ｍａｘ）分别为（５９１．９±１４２．４）和（５５７．７±１７３．４） μｇ·Ｌ~（－１）; Ｔ_（ｍａｘ）为（５．８２±０．９１）和（６．８４±０．６４） ｈ; ＡＵＣ为（７３２８±１８２８）和（７７１０±２５７０） μｇ·Ｌ~（－１）·ｈ~（－１）;由此求得国产５－单硝基异山梨醇酯缓释胶囊的相对生物利用度为（１０４·１９±１４·３７）％。经等效性分析,两种制剂具有生物等效性。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.