踝关节镜下微创治疗踝关节结核的临床疗效

目的探讨踝关节镜技术微创治疗踝关节结核的临床疗效。方法从2009年4月至2010年4月,本组采用踝关节牵引状态下使用关节镜检查及手术28例,其中15例行关节镜下结核病灶清除术,13例因关节破坏较重而行关节融合术,术后继续联合、规范、适量和全程抗痨治疗并注意营养支持。结果术后患者恢复快,一般情况可,平均随访12个月以上,28例患者的术后踝关节未肿胀,血沉下降,无窦道形成,无结核复发。按Baird评分标准,优16例,良7例,可5例,优良率为82%。术前McGuire踝关节评分（58±6.1）分,术后（88.9±5.4）分,提高（30.9±1.7）分（t=18.5,P〈0.01）。结论踝关节镜可直接观察和处理踝关节内病变情况,明确诊断,处理病灶。选择镜下手术创伤小,术后康复快,疗效肯定。     

人工全膝关节置换术治疗类风湿性关节炎的疗效分析

目的探讨人工全膝关节置换术治疗类风湿性关节炎的临床效果。方法对35例类风湿性关节炎患者(64膝)进行全膝关节置换。根据软组织平衡情况采用后稳定型膝关节非限制性假体(58膝)或者限制性假体(6膝)。根据HSS评分系统对患者手术前后的膝关节功能进行评分。结果 35例均获随访,时间6个月~7年。关节功能明显改善,尤其是在畸形矫正方面效果显著。HSS评分:优27例,良4例,可4例,优良率达88.5%。无感染发生及深静脉血栓形成。结论类风湿性关节炎病理改变复杂,手术难度大,需要很好的软组织平衡技术,韧带损伤严重者需要采用限制性假体才能取得满意的疗效。     

解剖型支撑钢板结合CPM治疗胫骨平台骨折

目的总结应用解剖型支撑钢板治疗胫骨平台骨折的疗效。方法对42例胫骨平台骨折,采用切开复位解剖型支撑钢板内固定结合CPM早期关节功能锻炼。结果36例获1-5年随访。根据膝关节功能、活动范围、膝关节轴线、关节稳定及骨折复位综合评定标准,优18例,良14例,可3例,差1例,优良率88．8％。结论解剖型支撑钢板具有对抗剪力、压力、旋转力,能起到支撑托顶作用,早期CPM功能锻炼是预防膝关节粘连、僵硬的可行方法。     

Bone and Joint Tuberculosis in Childhood

Ten children with bone and joint tuberculosis are reported. The age of onset varied between 18 and 30 months. All patients were treated with curettage and chemotherapy. The results were excellent with complete restitution being achieved in all cases.     

髋关节结核临床治疗的观察（附120例报告）

自１９５８年～１９９６年我院治疗髋关节结核１２０例，随访７４例，平均随访期１４６年，其优良率８１１％。从治疗结果看，为保持关节功能对髋关节结核以早期彻底清除病灶为主，对少数儿童、年老体弱及有手术禁忌症者可采取非手术治疗。对陈旧性结核经病灶清除而留有髋关节畸形者，可作关节成形术，髋关节功能恢复虽不满意，但结核未复发     

Operative treatment of ankle fracture-dislocations. A follow-up study of 306/321 consecutive cases

In a prospective study of 321 consecutive cases of dislocation ankle fractures, operatively treated according to the AO (ASIF) principles, 306 cases (95%) were followed up two to six years after surgery. The infection rate was 1.8% with no septic arthritis. The clinical results were "excellent and good" in 82%, "acceptable" in 8%, and "poor" in 10%. Posttraumatic arthritis occurred in 14% and was significantly more common among middle-aged women. There was a strong correlation between the degree of arthritis and the clinical result. A computer analysis (AID) revealed that the most decisive factors influencing the clinical result were the type of fracture, the accuracy of the reduction, and the sex of the patient. Exact reduction, rigid internal fixation, early postoperative joint exercises, and subsequent full weight-bearing in a below-the-knee walking plaster are essential for a good end result of fracture-dislocations of the ankle joint.     

肘关节恐怖三联征手术治疗的回顾性分析

目的探讨手术治疗肘关节恐怖三联征的临床效果。 方法回顾性分析2011年5月至2016年9月在惠州市中心人民医院行手术治疗的肘关节恐怖三联征患者25例,所有患者均明确高空坠落、车祸伤等高能量损伤外伤史,X线片及CT检查肘关节脱位,合并桡骨小头骨折及尺骨冠状突骨折且选择手术治疗。排除存在较为严重的复合伤、多发骨折,或合并类风湿性肘关节炎、系统性红斑狼疮、良恶性骨肿瘤患者,合并脊髓损伤影响上肢功能者患者,依从性较差患者和中途退出本研究患者。其中男20例,女5例,手术时年龄平均(35±11)岁。采用Mayo评分以及Broberg-Morrey评分评估患者术后肘关节功能。采用配对样本t检验及Fisher确切概率法。 结果截止至2018年3月末次随访时,所有患者肘关节骨折部位均已愈合,平均愈合时间(16±5)周。术前患者前臂旋转活动度为(73±9)°,术后前臂旋转活动度为(121±8)°,差异具有统计学意义(t＝21.619,P<0.01),术前肘关节屈伸活动度为(63±8)°,术后肘关节屈伸活动度为(108±10)°,差异具有统计学意义(t＝17.879,P<0.01)。肘关节Mayo评分：优14例,良5例,可4例,差2例,优良率为76 %;Broberg-Morrey肘关节功能评分：优12例,良8例,可3例,差2例,优良率为80%。手术时机<3 d、3～14 d、>14 d的患者术后肘关节功能优良率分别为94%、60%、25%(P＝0.011);冠状突骨折Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ型的患者术后肘关节功能优良率分别为94%、50%、45%(P＝0.016),桡骨小头骨折Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ型的患者术后肘关节功能优良率分别为94%、40%、33%,差异均有统计学意义(P＝0.006);内外侧联合入路、单纯肘关节外侧入路的患者术后肘关节功能优良率分别为89%、43%(P＝0.032);制动时间<2周、2～4周、>4周的患者术后肘关节功能优良率分别为93%、67%、25%(P＝0.013)。 结论手术治疗是肘关节恐怖三联征的重要治疗手段,术后肘关节功能的恢复与手术时机、冠状突及桡骨小头骨折类型、手术入路、制动时间等因素密切相关。     

Primary subtalar arthrodesis of calcaneal fractures

We evaluated retrospectively the long-term results of isolated calcaneal fractures treated with open reduction and internal fixation and a primary subtalar arthrodesis. From 1990 to 1997 258 patients were treated with a calcaneal fracture, for the current study six patients were included. Six different surgeons operated on the patients. The indication for the fusion was based on the comminution of the posterior facet according to the preoperative CT as well as the intraoperative evaluation of destruction of the cartilage. The restoration of length, axes and angles of the calcaneus was almost anatomical in all cases. Follow-up was done at a mean of 4.9 (2.5 - 7.5 years). Using the AOFAS score, the results were good or excellent in five patients. In one patient with a painful arthritis in the talonavicular joint and hyperesthesia of the sural nerve, the results were fair. All returned to their profession within 9 months and had no or only minor daily restrictions. The results are comparable with single surgeon series. We found open reconstruction of the calcaneus with primary fusion of the subtalar joint may be indicated in selected patients and, in these 6 patients led to good results.     

Skeletal tuberculosis of the wrist and hand: A study of 27 cases

The 27 cases of skeletal tuberculosis in the hand and wrist reported represented 6.9% of the skeletal tuberculosis seen at our hospital and 32% of the skeletal tuberculosis found in the upper extremity. In a majority of these patients a single bone or joint was involved and 18.5% of the patients had bone and/or joint involvement outside the hand. Pulmonary tuberculosis was present in 10.7% of these cases. The clinical picture of tuberculosis is similar to that of other infections and tumorous conditions, but a history of absent bacille Calmette Guerin protection and positive tine test should arouse one's suspicion to the condition. Eight-six percent of our patients had x-ray findings that included bone atrophy, bone or joint destruction with discrete periostitis, or the presence of the typical spina ventosa. We found no case of resistance to various combinations of the usual drugs in any patients. Supportive orthopaedic splints were used over short periods (3 months) and surgery was used for diagnostic purposes (biopsies) and in treatment by fusion of two wrists in this patient series. Finger joint involvement responded satisfactorily to drug and conservative orthopaedic treatment and in no case were these joints fused or replaced by a prosthesis.     

带锁髓内钉治疗股骨干粉碎性骨折疗效观察

目的探讨带锁髓内钉治疗股骨干粉碎性骨折的疗效.方法使用带锁髓内钉治疗股骨干粉碎性骨折67例，均取前外侧切口，扩髓、静力型固定.结果67例均获随访，时间6～28（16±8）个月.切口均一期愈合.63例术后4—8个月骨折骨性愈合，4例4个月改为动力型固定，11个月愈合，无其他合并症.膝关节功能按Merchant评分标准评定：优43例，良19例，可4例，差1例，优良率92．5％.结论带锁髓内钉治疗股骨干粉碎性骨折可获得满意疗效．     

有限内固定加外固定支架治疗桡骨远端粉碎性骨折

目的探讨有限内固定加外固定支架治疗桡骨远端粉碎性骨折的临床疗效。方法采用有限内固定加外固定支架治疗桡骨远端粉碎性骨折45例。结果 42例患者获得随访,时间3～36个月。按Lidstrom评分系统行影像学评价:优30例,良7例,中5例,优良率为88.09%;依据Dienst标准评价腕关节功能:优30例,良8例,中4例,优良率为90.47%。无严重并发症发生。结论有限内固定结合外固定支架治疗桡骨远端粉碎性骨折,复位满意,操作简单,固定牢固,疗效满意。     

跖跗关节骨折脱位89例

目的：探讨跖跗关节骨折脱位治疗方法和疗效分析。方法：对89例跖跗关节骨折脱位者根据分型分类法进行闭合复位石膏外固定、切开复位内固定和闭合复位内固定治疗。按跖行、稳定、疼痛、外形和X线五项标准评定临床疗效。结果：随访6个月－3年，平均2年。闭合复位治疗29例，优12例，良13例，差4例，优良率86％。切开复位内固定治疗45例，优24例，良16例，差5例，优良率89％。闭合复位内固定治疗15例，按分型统计取得满意疗效。结论：保守治疗可获得满意疗效，手术较保守治疗并无多大优势。目前应用的分类方法，需进一步完善，对临床治疗和预后判断具有一定的指导作用。     

双Endobutton技术重建喙锁韧带治疗Rockwood Ⅲ-Ⅴ型肩锁关节脱位

目的 探讨采用带袢纽扣钢板（Endobutton）重建喙锁韧带治疗RockwoodⅢ-Ⅴ型肩锁关节脱位的临床疗效。方法自2010-03-2012-06采用双Endobutton技术重建喙锁韧带治疗19例RockwoodⅢ-Ⅴ型肩锁关节脱位,术后根据Karlsson评价标准进行术后评估。结果 所有患者获得随访12-18个月,平均14.3个月,参照Karlsson评价标准进行疗效评价：优10例,良7例,优良率89.5%,无再脱位及其他并发症。结论 应用Endobutton技术治疗RockwoodⅢ-Ⅴ型肩锁关节脱位近期疗效满意,具有解剖复位,符合生物力学特点,手术创伤小,术后功能恢复好,治疗费用低等优点。     

不同类型踝关节骨折的手术治疗

目的 探讨不同类型踝关节骨折的手术方法和疗效。方法 采用切开复位内固定术治疗踝关节骨折87例。结果 82例获随访,时间1-3年。优57例,良15例,可6例,差4例,优良率达87.8%。结论 外踝骨折和下胫腓联合损伤的复位及固定是治疗踝关节骨折的关节。     

Isolated calcaneocuboid joint tuberculosis: A rare case report

Tubercular arthritis affecting the foot is uncommon. Isolated calcaneocuboid joint tuberculosis has never been reported in the literature. Herein we report a case of 43-year-old male who presented with insidious onset pain in hindfoot of 4 months duration. Radiograph revealed destruction of calcaneocuboid joint along with cuboid. Computed Tomography scan further consolidated the findings. Diagnosis was confirmed from aspiration from joint with culture of mycobacterium tuberculosis. Anti-tubercular chemotherapy was started and good clinical response was noted. We reported this case because of its rarity to involve calcaneocuboid joint and the excellent outcome with medical treatment.     

骨水泥型人工股骨头置换治疗高龄股骨颈骨折

目的探讨骨水泥型人工股骨头置换治疗高龄股骨颈骨折的近期疗效。方法对30例高龄股骨颈骨折患者采用骨水泥型人工股骨头置换治疗。根据Harris评分法评估临床效果。结果 30例均获得随访12~24个月。患者髋关节功能均恢复良好,未发现感染、髋内翻、假体松动下沉、关节脱位者。髋关节功能根据Harris评分,优17例,良9例,中4例,优良率86.67%。结论应用骨水泥型人工股骨头置换治疗高龄股骨颈骨折患者手术风险小、费用低、并发症少,术后可早期下床活动,提高了生活质量,疗效可靠。     

经关节空心拉力螺钉固定治疗 Lisfranc 损伤

目的:探讨经关节空心拉力螺钉固定治疗Lisfranc损伤的疗效。方法:采用经关节空心拉力螺钉治疗30例Lisfranc损伤,观察手术前后VAS疼痛评分和AOFAS评分足部功能恢复情况。结果:本组30例均获随访,随访时间8～22个月,平均10.6个月。骨折均获骨性愈合,愈合时间10～16周,平均11周。VAS评分术前5.6±2.3,恢复至末次随访时2.3±2.4(P0.05)。AOFAS评分术前56.6±8.5,恢复至末次随访时86.2±3.6(P0.05)。其中优11足,良15足,可4足,优良率86.7%。结论:经关节空心拉力螺钉固定可能对治疗Lisfranc损伤有一定的疗效,确切的结果需要进一步的研究验证。     

锁定加压钢板微创治疗肱骨干骨折（钢板内固定）术后失效11例

目的：探讨锁定加压钢板（locking compression plate, LCP）微创治疗肱骨干骨折钢板内固定术后失效的临床效果。方法2009年4月-2011年1月收治肱骨干骨折术后内固定失效患者11例,均采用LCP置入,原内固定物取出,骨折端有缺损者行自体骨植骨。结果11例术后获12～25个月（平均17个月）随访,骨折全部愈合,愈合时间3～7个月（平均4.5个月）。肘关节功能按Mayo评分标准评定：优7例,良3例,可1例,优良率90.9%。肩关节功能按Neer评分标准评定：优7例,良4例,优良率100%。无钢板螺钉松动、弯曲及断裂等内固定失效的发生,无神经、血管损伤。结论对于肱骨干骨折钢板内固定术后失效的患者,采用LCP微创治疗,必要时一期植骨,具有骨折愈合率高、功能恢复好等优点。     

后路病灶清除椎间植骨融合内固定治疗胸腰椎结核

目的探讨后路一期病灶清除、椎体间植骨融合内固定治疗脊柱结核的适应证及临床疗效。方法采用单纯后路病灶清除、植骨融合钉棒内固定治疗58例脊柱结核患者,其中单节段胸椎结核22例,多节段胸椎结核6例,单节段腰椎结核24例,多节段腰椎结核6例。分析复发率、并发症发生率,进行JOA评分,随访评估结核活动度、植骨融合和畸形矫正情况。结果手术时间平均(190±15.24)min,术中出血量平均(380±19.88)ml。术中无主要血管、神经损伤,无严重并发症发生。所有患者均安全度过围手术期。JOA评分:优39例,良11例,可7例,差1例,优良率为86.2%。后凸Cobb角矫正满意。1例术后结核脓肿复发,经再次清创、持续负压引流后治愈。患者均获随访,时间6~48(25.14±6.40)个月。无结核病变复发、内固定松动、断裂及明显矫正度丢失等严重并发症发生,58例植骨全部确定融合。结论对脊柱结核的患者采取一期后路病灶清除、椎体间植骨融合内固定治疗,可同时完成病灶清除、重建脊柱稳定,是治愈结核病灶有效可行的方法。     

Surgical treatment of sacroiliac joint infection

Background

Sacroiliac joint infection is rare and frequently missed; purpose of this study is to describe the clinical presentations, comorbidities, laboratory and imaging findings, surgical options and outcomes of this rare condition.

Materials and methods

We reviewed all cases of surgical treatment of sacroiliac joint infection operated at our institution between January 1994 and December 2011. Twenty-two patients were included: 14 females and 8 males, with mean age of 50 years. The mean follow-up period was 34 months. Twenty-four operations were performed. Coinciding infection was found in 11 cases (50 %). Twelve patients (54.5 %) presented acutely, while ten patients (45.5 %) had chronic infection.

Results

Tuberculous infection was diagnosed in 5 cases and nonspecific infection in 13 cases. In four cases, no organism was isolated. Eleven cases were subjected to debridement only, while debridement and arthrodesis was needed in 11 cases. Eight patients had excellent clinical results, five good, three fair and four poor; one patient was lost to follow-up, and one patient died after 2 weeks. The operative technique depended on the course of the infection, bone destruction and general condition of the patient. There was a significant change in C-reactive protein and erythrocyte sedimentation rate preoperatively and 6 weeks postoperatively, while the difference in white blood cell count was nonsignificant.

Conclusions

In acute cases, the primary aim should be to save joint integrity by early debridement, depending on joint destruction and general patient condition. When it is chronic, it is not secure only to debride the joint, which should be fused.