MRI水脂分离序列成像对膝关节半月板损伤的诊断价值

目的 :探讨MRI水脂分离技术——扰相梯度回波水脂分离T2WI(简称FatSepG-WFT2*)序列对膝关节半月板损伤的诊断价值。方法:回顾性分析MRI诊断的62例372个半月板区域的相关资料,以关节镜诊断为金标准,对结果行统计学分析。用χ2检验比较不同MRI序列对膝关节半月板损伤的差异。采用Kappa检验分析MRI诊断半月板撕裂与关节镜诊断的一致性。采用χ2检验分析MRI对内外侧半月板撕裂部位诊断准确性的差异。结果:以关节镜结果作为标准,MRI FatSepG-WFT2*序列诊断半月板撕裂的准确度为94%(350/372)、敏感度为93%(140/149),特异度为94%(210/223),对诊断半月板撕裂有较好的有效性(K=0.877)。结论 :MRI FatSepG-WFT2*序列较常规MRI序列具有更高的敏感性和特异性,两者结合可提高低场强MRI对膝关节病变的检出率。MRI是诊断膝关节半月板损伤的有效手段,与关节镜有较好的一致性,两者结合具有更好的诊断和治疗效果。     

半月板损伤及撕裂的MRI与关节镜或手术对照研究

目的评价不同观察者对膝关节半月板损伤MRI诊断一致性及撕裂形态学MRI诊断分级的准确性。方法由两位有经验的影像科医生回顾性对82例82个疑有半月板损伤的MRI图像,所得两次诊断结果进行Kappa统计量分析。本研究中用关节镜或手术结果作为诊断参考标准,确诊撕裂的内侧半月板有29例,外侧半月板有40例,分别分析内外侧半月板经参考标准确诊的撕裂的两次诊断的诊断价值。结果对内侧半月板Kappa值为0.71,对外侧半月板Kappa值为0.65,两次诊断均有好的诊断一致性。对内侧半月板可修复撕裂两次诊断的灵敏性、特异性、准确性分别为95%、38%、79%;100%、38%、83%。对外侧半月板可修复撕裂两次诊断的灵敏性、特异性、准确性分别为93%、65%、75%;93%、77%、93%。结论MRI两次诊断对内外侧半月板诊断一致性良好,对内外侧半月板可修复撕裂准确性、灵敏度较高,对外侧半月板可修复撕裂特异度较高。     

低场MRI直接法膝关节造影对半月板损伤与退变的诊断价值

目的 评价直接法低场MRI膝关节造影对半月板退变与损伤的诊断价值.方法 对30例MRI平扫不能明确诊断半月板退变与损伤的病人,进行膝关节直接法造影,以膝关节镜检查为诊断金标准,对比分析常规MRI和直接法MRI膝关节造影对半月板退变与损伤的诊断准确率.结果 常规MRI平扫对半月板退变与损伤的诊断准确率为80%,直接法关节腔造影的诊断准确率为96.7%,效果显著.结论 直接法MRI膝关节造影能够提高半月板退变与损伤的诊断.     

间接磁共振膝关节腔内造影诊断膝关节半月板撕裂的价值

目的:通过比较临床检查、常规磁共振检查(MRI)、间接磁共振膝关节腔内造影检查(间接MRA)和膝关节镜术中所见,探讨间接MRA用于膝关节半月板撕裂诊断中的价值.材料和方法:本次研究中我们共收集125例曾行膝关节镜手术患者,全部患者都经过详细的病史采集和体格检查,其中57例患者术前行MRI检查,其中21例患者做MRI检查后立即做间接MRA,以膝关节镜为金标准,对各种检查发现进行互相比较.结果:①临床检查:敏感性75.47%、特异性69.44%、准确性72.00%.②MRI检查:敏感性82.86%、特异性54.55%、准确性71.93%.③间接MRA检查:敏感性100%、特异性90.00%、准确性95.23%.结论:间接MRA在诊断膝关节半月板撕裂方面具有很高的敏感性、特异性和准确性.     

MRI检查膝关节半月板桶柄样撕裂的临床价值分析

目的探讨MRI在膝关节半月板桶柄样撕裂诊断中的临床应用价值。方法对我院经关节镜证实为膝关节半月板损伤患者62例进行MRI检查。结果双前角征、髁间碎片征、双后交叉韧带征、领结消失征等四个征象对内侧半月板桶柄样撕裂的诊断敏感性分别为61.54%、92.31%、38.46%、76.92%,特异性均为100.00%。双前角征、髁间碎片征、双后交叉韧带征、领结消失征等四个征象对外侧半月板桶柄样撕裂的诊断敏感性分别为23.53%、47.06%、0.00%、70.59%。在28例膝关节半月板桶柄样撕裂中,有22例在MRI上出现了两种以上的征象,总体诊断敏感性为78.57%。对比分析发现内侧半月板桶柄样撕裂在双前角征、髁间碎片征、双后交叉韧带征等征象下诊断敏感性明显高于外侧半月板,且差异具有统计学意义。髁间碎片征是诊断内侧半月板桶柄样撕裂敏感性最高的征象(92.31%),特异性达100.00%。结论 MRI是诊断膝关节半月板桶柄样撕裂的有效方法,其对内侧半月板桶柄样撕裂的敏感性及特异性较外侧高,髁间碎片征对诊断内侧半月板桶柄样撕裂的来说最具价值,而外侧半月板桶柄样撕裂则很难利用该征象进行确诊。双前角征在诊断外侧半月板桶柄样撕裂时敏感性低,特异性高,而领结消失征则是敏感性高,特异性低,仅能作为诊断参考。     

探讨半月板边缘部垂直撕裂与前交叉韧带损伤的关系

目的 探讨半月板边缘部垂直撕裂对诊断前交叉韧带(ACL)损伤的价值.方法 回顾性分析经关节镜证实的149例半月板撕裂的膝关节MRI结果,判断半月板撕裂的形态、位置以及前交叉韧带的情况.结果 149例半月板撕裂膝关节中,34个膝关节共36个半月板撕裂(其中2个膝关节内、外侧半月板同时撕裂),MRI显示为半月板边缘部垂直撕裂类型,其中29个膝关节同时伴有前交叉韧带损伤.其余115个膝关节,MRI显示为其他半月板撕裂类型,其中49例膝关节同时伴有前交叉韧带损伤.膝关节半月板边缘部垂直撕裂类型与其他的半月板撕裂类型比较,其合并前交叉韧带损伤的发生率分别为85.3%及42.6%,两者间具有显著性差异(χ2=19.2,P＜0.01).半月板边缘部垂直撕裂提示膝关节前交叉韧带损伤的敏感性、特异性和阳性似然比分别为37.2%、93.0%和5.3.结论半月板边缘部垂直撕裂大部分合并有ACL损伤.     

MR与关节镜诊断半月板损伤的临床价值研究

目的探讨MR与关节镜诊断半月板损伤的临床价值。方法本组72例患者检查86个膝关节,共172例半月板,入院后进行MRI检查评价半月板损伤情况,2周内进行膝关节镜检查,MRI检查结果按Fischer分级标准分I级信号、II级信号、III级信号,关节镜检查结果分正常、退变、撕裂。结果 MRI与关节镜检查诊断半月板损伤结果比较,X~2=1.432,P=0.698,κ=0.694;MRI与关节镜检查诊断半月板撕裂结果比较,X~2=0.529,P=0.629,κ=0.767,MRI诊断半月板撕裂的敏感度86.27%、特异度91.73%、阳性预测值81.48%、阴性预测值94.07%、阳性似然比10.43、阴性似然比0.15、准确度90.12%、假阳性率8.27%、假阴性率13.73%。结论 MRI能够较好的诊断半月板损伤的程度,特别是对半月板撕裂的诊断,MRI的Ⅲ级信号可作为临床选择关节镜检查和手术治疗的一个重要指征。     

弥散法MR膝关节造影在半月板损伤诊断中应用探讨

目的　用弥散法MR膝关节造影对半月板撕裂进行检查 ,探讨其临床应用价值。方法　检查 2 4例临床怀疑半月板撕裂的膝关节。采用常规检查技术进行扫描 ,然后进行弥散法膝关节造影检查 ,再经关节镜或手术证实。将常规扫描结果、弥散法关节腔造影结果与手术结果对照 ,分别算出常规扫描结果和弥散法结果的敏感性和特异性。结果　弥散法膝关节造影可使半月板撕裂处信号强度明显高于平扫时的信号 ,同时检查的敏感性从 74.2 %提高到 94.3 % ,特异性从 88%提高到 93 .4%。结论　弥散法膝关节造影在半月板撕裂检查上 ,从图像质量到检查的敏感性均优于常规MR检查     

不同检查方法对半月板损伤诊断价值的评价

目的:评价不同检查方法对半月板损伤的诊断价值。方法:选取我院怀疑半月板损伤而全部经过物理检查、B超、MRI平扫、MRI直接法膝关节造影四项方法检查的30例膝关节镜诊断结果进行分析。结果:物理检查、B超、MRI平扫、MRI直接法膝关节造影对半月板损伤的诊断准确率分别为:60%、73%、83%、96.7%;敏感性分别为:70%、83%、96.7%、96.7%;特异性分别为:29%、29%、60%、100%。结论:物理检查是进行其他检查的基础,对于B超、MRI平扫不能明确诊断的病例,MRI直接法膝关节造影是非常有效的进一步检查手段。     

膝关节半月板放射状撕裂的MRI表现

目的 探讨MRI对膝关节半月板放射状撕裂的检出能力.方法 回顾性分析1085例经关节镜证实的膝关节半月板损伤中的半月板放射状撕裂107例(9.9%)患者的MRI资料,同时按住院号顺序采用等足巨抽样方法 ,抽取100例经关节镜证实的非放射状撕裂的半月板损伤患者作为对照组.所有患者均经MR检查,观察裂隙征及裂隙行走征、半月板分离征、半月板消失征及小半月板征4种征象,与关节镜结果 比较.结果 (1)107例半月板放射状撕裂患者中,最常见的发生部位是外侧半月板体部(71例,66.4%)和前体交界部(25例,23.4%).(2)107例半月板放射状撕裂中,MRI诊断放射状撕裂102例.100例半月板非放射状撕裂的半月板损伤中,MRI诊断11例为放射状撕裂,MRI诊断半月板放射状撕裂的敏感度、特异度、阳性预测值、阴性预测值分别为95.3%(102/107)、89.0%(89/100)、90.3%(102/113)、94.7%(89/94).(3)裂隙征和半月板分离征出现频率最高,102例中分别出现59例(57.8%)和43例(42.2%),是诊断放射状撕裂最重要的MRI征象.结论 MRI诊断半月板放射状撕裂的准确率较高,是目前术前无创诊断的最佳方法 .     

Three Tesla MRI for the diagnosis of meniscal and anterior cruciate ligament pathology: a comparison to arthroscopic findings

AIM: To assess the accuracy of 3T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the evaluation of meniscal and anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sixty-one consecutive patients were identified who were referred for evaluation of suspected intra-articular pathology with a 3T MRI and who, subsequently, underwent an arthroscopic procedure of the knee were included for the study. Two musculoskeletal radiologists interpreted the images. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value were then calculated for the MRI versus the arthroscopic findings as a reference standard. RESULTS: The sensitivity and specificity for the overall detection of meniscal tears in this study was 84 and 93%, respectively. The results for the medial meniscus separately were 91 and 93% and for the lateral 77 and 93%. The evaluation of ACL integrity was 100% sensitive and specific. The meniscal tear type was correctly identified in 75% of cases and its location in 94%. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates good results of 3T MRI in the evaluation of the injured knee. Caution should still be given to the interpretation on MRI of a lateral meniscus tear, and it is suggested that the standard diagnostic criteria of high signal reaching the articular surface on two consecutive image sections be adhered to even at these higher field strengths.     

Diagnosis of recurrent meniscal tears: prospective evaluation of conventional MR imaging, indirect MR arthrography, and direct MR arthrography

PURPOSE: To prospectively investigate the accuracy of conventional magnetic resonance (MR) imaging, direct MR arthrography, and indirect MR arthrography in assessment of possible recurrent or residual meniscal tears. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Three hundred sixty-four patients who had previously undergone meniscal preservation surgery were prospectively examined with conventional MR imaging, indirect MR arthrography, and direct MR arthrography. Ninety-four patients (104 postoperative menisci) underwent subsequent second-look arthroscopic surgery. Each case was evaluated for (a) surfacing intrameniscal intermediate- or T1-weighted signal intensity, (b) surfacing intrameniscal T2-weighted signal intensity, (c) morphologic changes beyond those expected postoperatively, (d) joint effusion on conventional MR or indirect MR arthrographic studies, and (e) overall presence or absence of recurrent meniscal tear. RESULTS: Seventy-one arthroscopically proved recurrent meniscal tears were found. In the diagnosis of recurrent meniscal tears, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and accuracy were 86%, 67%, 83%, 71%, and 80%, respectively, for conventional MR imaging; 83%, 78%, 90%, 64%, and 81%, respectively, for indirect MR arthrography; and 90%, 78%, 90%, 78%, and 85%, respectively, for direct MR arthrography. No significant difference in the diagnostic accuracy of one method relative to another was observed (P >.54). Surfacing intrameniscal T2-weighted signal intensity was the most specific sign, with the highest positive predictive value of a recurrent tear. CONCLUSION: Although a small incremental increase in accuracy is associated with the use of direct MR arthrography over conventional MR imaging and indirect MR arthrography, no significant difference in diagnostic accuracy among the three techniques was demonstrated for detection of recurrent or residual meniscal tear.     

Evaluation of recurring meniscal tears with gadolinium-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging: a randomized, prospective study

BACKGROUND: Magnetic resonance imaging has been shown to be of questionable accuracy in detecting recurrent meniscal tears after previous resection or repair. PURPOSE: To compare the accuracy of nonenhanced magnetic resonance imaging with that of intraarticular contrast-enhanced direct magnetic resonance arthrography and intravenous contrast-enhanced indirect magnetic resonance arthrography for detection of recurrent meniscal tears. STUDY DESIGN: Prospective cohort study. METHODS: Forty-one patients who had previous meniscal tears treated by resection or repair but who were experiencing recurrent knee symptoms were prospectively randomized into one of three groups: conventional magnetic resonance imaging, indirect arthrography, and direct arthrography. The interpretations of two musculoskeletal radiologists were compared with the findings of an arthroscopic procedure performed 2 to 14 weeks later. RESULTS: Conventional imaging had a sensitivity of 57.9%, specificity of 80%, and overall accuracy of 62.5%. Intravenous contrast improved the sensitivity to 90.9%, specificity to 100%, and overall accuracy to 93.8%; intraarticular contrast had a sensitivity of 91.7%, specificity of 100%, and an overall accuracy of 92.9%. CONCLUSIONS: We demonstrated an increased accuracy of intravenous or intraarticular contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance arthrography in detecting recurrent meniscal tears. Both contrast routes demonstrated similar accuracy, a finding not previously reported.     

The value of magnetic resonance imaging in our current management of ACL and meniscal injuries

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is frequently used in the diagnosis of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) and meniscal injuries. The aim of this retrospective study was to determine the reliability and value of MRI in our management of ACL and meniscal tears. 138 patients who had undergone a MRI to confirm or refute the clinical diagnosis of an ACL or meniscal tear were identified. Those who had subsequently undergone arthroscopy were selected. MRI findings and clinical diagnosis were compared with those at arthroscopy. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV) and overall accuracy of clinical diagnosis and MRI were then calculated. The overall accuracy for MRI was 91, 68 and 86% for detecting ACL, medial meniscal and lateral meniscal tears, respectively. Accuracy for clinical diagnosis was 90 and 64% for ACL and meniscal tears, respectively. In contrast to other series, our results indicate a lower accuracy of MRI in detecting pathology, especially of the ACL and medial meniscus. We noted a low sensitivity, specificity and positive predictive value but a high negative predictive value rendering MRI most useful as a negative diagnostic tool. We suggest that where symptoms and clinical findings support one of these diagnoses and arthroscopic therapeutic intervention is contemplated, that MRI scanning is not always beneficial. Our current practice of requesting scans to routinely confirm the diagnosis should be altered. Unnecessary MRI scanning increases the financial burden and delays patient treatment. No funding has been received from any sources and no conflicts of interests are stated in the submission of this article.     

肩袖损伤的MRI诊断比较研究

目的:比较常规MRI和MRI间接关节造影检查对肩袖撕裂伤的诊断价值.方法:搜集2002年11月～2006年8月共40例肩袖损伤病例,20例行常规MRI检查,20例行MRI间接关节造影检查.以肩关节镜作为诊断标准,比较两种影像学方法诊断肩袖损伤的敏感性和特异性.结果:肩袖完全撕裂中,常规MRI检查的敏感度为45.5%,特异度为66.7%,准确度为55%;MRI间接关节造影的敏感度为92.3%,特异度为85.7%,准确度为90%.肩袖不全撕裂中,常规MRI检查敏感度为57.1%,特异度为53.8%,准确度为55%;而间接关节造影敏感度为83.3%,特异度为92.8%,准确度则为90%.经Fisher确切概率统计法统计,MRI间接关节造影诊断肩袖全层撕裂敏感性及准确性明显高于常规MRI(P＜0.05),在诊断肩袖部分撕裂时,MRI间接关节造影的特异性及准确性明显高于MRI(P＜0.05).结论:MRI间接关节造影较常规MRI诊断肩袖撕裂准确性较高.同时对盂唇等其它病变诊断有帮助.     

Magnetic resonance imaging as a tool for evaluation of traumatic knee injuries. Anatomical and pathoanatomical correlations

Traumatic injury to the knee remains a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has been applied to musculoskeletal pathoanatomy and has been shown to be an effective tool for definition and characterization of knee pathology. A systematic approach is taken to establish anatomical and pathoanatomical correlations, as well as the role of MRI in the management of knee injuries. Imaging was performed at the UCLA Medical Center using a permanent magnet system and a combination of solenoidal surface coils and thin-section, high-resolution scanning techniques. Images depict structural anatomical and spatial details of the knee that correlate well with corresponding cadaveric cryosections. To determine pathoanatomical correlations and the efficacy of MRI, 105 patients with preoperative diagnoses of meniscal tears, anterior and posterior cruciate ligament tears, tibial plateau fracture, and patella and quadriceps injuries were imaged. Results indicated that for the medial meniscus MRI demonstrated a 95.7% sensitivity, 81.8% specificity, 90% accuracy, 88.2% positive predictive value (PPV), and 93.1% negative predictive value (NPV). Imaging of the lateral meniscus demonstrated a 75% sensitivity, 95% specificity, 91% accuracy, 80% PPV, and 94% NPV. MRI of the ACL revealed 100% sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive and negative predictive values. MRI is a noninvasive tool which uses no ionizing radiation and can accurately define and characterize anatomy and pathoanatomy. This study indicates that MRI in conjunction with clinical evaluation can contribute to treatment decision-making processes and assist in preoperative planning. An algorithm demonstrating the potential clinical use of MRI is presented.     

Computed tomography of the knee with reference to meniscal tears. A prospective blind investigation

Computed tomography (CT) with a high resolution CT scanner and--on a special occasion--double contrast arthrography of the knee with reference to meniscal tears were performed in 50 patients. Operation or arthroscopy was performed in 28 patients and 15 were found to have meniscal tears. A correct diagnosis of the tears was achieved at CT in 13 of these patients. Three false positive and two false negative CT findings were recorded, resulting in a 91 per cent accuracy for CT, a diagnostic specificity of 84 per cent, and a sensitivity of 95 per cent. The diagnostic value of CT thus compared with that of double contrast arthrography. This should indicate that CT may be used as an alternative non-invasive diagnostic procedure in the diagnosis of meniscal tears of the knee joint.     

膝关节半月板撕裂磁共振成像与关节镜对照研究

目的分析磁共振成像（MRI）在膝关节半月板撕裂诊断中的价值。方法分析168例（共计336个半月板）临床疑诊半月板损伤患者,依次在1周内行磁共振（MR）和关节镜检查,对比MR和关节镜检查结果,探讨MRI对膝关节半月板撕裂诊断符合率。结果以关节镜为参考标准,168例（共计336个半月板）中MRI诊断半月板撕裂敏感性96．9％,特异性为87．5％,准确性为92．5％,假阳性率为12．5％,假阴性率3．1％,MRI具有术前诊断价值。结论MRI诊断半月板撕裂具有很高准确性,但仍有一定的假阳性与假阴性。