超声评价颈动脉粥样硬化与脑梗死的关系

目的探讨颈动脉粥样硬化与脑梗死的关系。方法 73例脑梗死患者和100例体检健康者为对照组,超声检测其颈动脉内-中膜厚度(IMT)、斑块回声类型。结果脑梗死组IMT高于对照组(P<0.05),脑梗死组颈动脉粥样硬化斑块检出率(84.9%)高于对照组(16.0%)(P<0.05);脑梗死组低回声斑块及混合性斑块多于对照组(P<0.05);高血压病、糖尿病、颈动脉IMT增厚、颈动脉粥样硬化斑块为低回声或混合性斑块是脑梗死发生的独立危险因素。结论颈动脉IMT增厚和粥样硬化斑块与脑梗死的发病密切相关,颈动脉超声检查能为临床预防和治疗脑梗死提供可靠依据。     

超声和多层螺旋CT血管造影检测脑梗死患者颅外颈动脉的临床价值

目的 比较超声和多层螺旋CT血管造影(MSCTA)对脑梗死患者颈动脉斑块的检查一致性及对斑块定位、定性、狭窄程度判定的临床价值.方法 对65例脑梗死患者在1周内进行超声和MSCTA检查,分别观察斑块有无、位置、性质及血管狭窄程度,并对其进行统计学分析.结果 65例脑梗死患者经超声和MSCTA检查分别发现了76处和78处颅外颈动脉斑块,两者对于颈动脉粥样硬化斑块的检出率差异无统计学意义.超声和MSCTA对脑梗死患者颅外颈动脉不同性质斑块检出率差异无统计学意义(χ2=4.88,P=0.087);对不同部位斑块检出率的差异无统计学意义(χ2=0.42,P=0.81);对各处斑块不同狭窄程度的检出率差异无统计学意义(χ2=8.044,P=0.06).结论 颈动脉粥样硬化和脑梗死的关系密切,超声、MSCTA在对动脉粥样硬化的检查中具有互补作用.     

颈动脉粥样硬化与缺血性脑血管病的关系

目的探讨颈动脉粥样硬化与缺血性脑血管病的关系.方法彩超检测130例缺血性脑血管病患者的颈动脉,测量颈总动脉后壁IMT,观察斑块的有无及形成情况;并检查非缺血性脑血管病患者73例作为对照组.结果脑梗死组及TIA组IMT与对照组相比有显著性差异(P< 0.01).130例缺血性脑血管病患者中,颈动脉有粥样硬化、斑块形成等血管异常者112例,异常检出率为86.15%;对照组中有斑块形成19例,异常检出率为26.0%,两者比较有显著性差异(P<0.01) .颈动脉粥样硬化斑块最常见于颈动脉分叉处,其次为颈内动脉起始段,但左右侧间差异无显著性(P>0.05).结论缺血性脑血管病患者的颈动脉粥样硬化程度明显重于非脑血管病患者,颈动脉粥样硬化的不稳定性斑块脱落是造成脑梗死的重要发病原因之一.彩超技术对颈动脉粥样硬化斑块的检出预测和疗效观察有重要意义.     

彩超检测颈动脉硬化斑块与脑梗死相关性分析

目的应用彩色多普勒超声检查初步探讨颈动脉硬化斑块与脑梗死的关系。方法对83例颈动脉粥样硬化斑块检出者均行头部CT或核磁共振(MRI)检查证实有无梗死发生。结果 83例颈动脉粥样硬化斑块检出者经检查证实有梗死灶发生49例(59%),其中有典型临床症状23例(27%)。颈动脉粥样硬化斑块好发于颈动脉分叉处。软斑、混合斑是脑梗死患者的主要栓子来源。结论颈动脉粥样硬化斑块与脑梗死有密切的相关性。     

彩色多普勒超声在脑梗死患者颈动脉病变中的应用价值

目的:应用彩色多普勒超声检查初步探讨脑梗死与颈动脉粥样硬化病变的关系及特点。方法:对52例脑梗死患者和49例非脑梗死患者进行颈动脉彩色多普勒超声检查。结果:52例脑梗死患者有颈动脉粥样硬化斑块形成者35例,检出率67.3%。颈动脉粥样硬化斑块好发于颈动脉分叉处。软斑、溃疡斑是脑梗死患者的主要栓子来源。结论:颈动脉粥样硬化斑块与脑梗死有密切相关性。彩色多普勒超声检测脑梗死患者颈动脉粥样硬化斑块形成有重要临床价值。     

颈动脉粥样硬化与脑梗死复发临床关系探讨

目的探讨颈动脉粥样硬化与脑梗死复发的关系。方法收集脑梗死住院患者241例,通过颈动脉彩超检查颈动脉粥样硬化情况,随访观察有无脑梗死复发。结果 241例脑梗死患者有23例复发性脑梗死,脑梗死复发和未复发患者颈动脉斑块检出率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);复发脑梗死患者颈总动脉、颈动脉分叉处血管内中膜厚度值(CCA-IMT、ICA-IMT、BIF-IMT)明显高于未复发患者(P<0.01)。结论颈动脉内中膜厚度增厚患者脑梗死复发率增高。     

颈动脉粥样硬化斑块与短暂性脑缺血发作关系的研究

目的:探讨颈动脉粥样硬化斑块与短暂性脑缺血发作的关系.方法:短暂性脑缺血发作患者123例行颈动脉CT血管造影检查,观察其颈动脉粥样斑块的形成状况,并与正常对照组比较.结果:短暂性脑缺血发作组颈动脉粥样硬化斑块发生率、不稳定性斑块发生率及颈动脉狭窄率高于正常对照组(P<0.01);颈总动脉分叉处粥样斑块的发生率及血管狭窄率高于颈内动脉起始部、椎动脉处、颈总动脉处(P<0.01).结论:颈动脉粥样硬化与短暂性脑缺血发作有密切关系.     

超声检测在颈动脉内-中膜厚度及粥样硬化中的临床应用

目的:探讨颈动脉内中膜厚度(intimamediathickness,IMT)及粥样斑块高频超声检测的价值。方法:用高频超声测量58例冠心病(其中4例合并脑梗死)患者和30例体检正常对照组颈动脉IMT及粥样硬化斑块,并对粥样斑块进行定量分析。结果:颈动脉IMT心肌缺血组(0.94±0.13)mm和心肌梗死组(1.14±0.15)mm较对照组(0.67±0.12)mm明显增厚(P<0.01);冠心病组均检出不同程度的粥样硬化斑块,并随病情严重程度的加重而增多,对照组中亦有3例检出1级粥样斑块。结论:高频超声检测颈动脉IMT及粥样硬化斑块,有助于临床及时发现血管病变,预防心肌梗死和脑梗死的发生,具有良好的临床应用价值。     

彩色多普勒超声对脑梗死患者颈动脉粥样硬化斑块特点的观察

目的探讨脑梗死患者颈动脉粥样硬化斑块的特点及与高血压的关系。方法对210例脑梗死患者进行颈动脉彩色多普勒超声检查,根据颈动脉超声结果分为斑块组和非斑块组。结果167例患者(79.5%)检出颈动脉粥样硬化斑块,斑块多发生于颈动脉分叉处。CT检查的脑梗死灶与彩色多普勒超声发现颈动脉粥样硬化斑块的侧面基本是一致的。年龄、高血压与颈动脉粥样硬化斑块的形成有密切联系(P<0.05),且随着高血压分级的逐渐增加,斑块的发生率也逐渐增加。结论颈动脉粥样硬化斑块与脑梗死有密切相关性,彩色多普勒超声检查有助于临床对脑梗死的防治。     

彩超下探讨颈动脉斑块与脑梗死的相关性研究

目的:通过彩超分析颈动脉斑块,探讨其与脑梗死发病的相关性。方法:选择2016年5月-2018年5月邓州市中心医院收治的100例脑梗死患者和100例健康体检者分别作为观察组和对照组,应用彩色多普勒超声诊断仪分别检测和比较两组患者的内中膜厚度(IMT)、斑块类型、斑块形态以及斑块发病部位。结果:与对照组相比,观察组颈动脉内中膜增厚发生率(92%vs31%),内中膜厚度(1.3±0.4mm)vs(0.7±0.3mm),颈动脉粥样硬化斑块形成率显著增高(82%vs22%),斑块类型多为不稳定型软斑,发病部位多为颈总动脉分叉处。结论:颈动脉粥样硬化斑块形成与脑血管疾病密切相关,颈动脉粥样硬化是造成脑梗死的重要致病因素,通过彩超可以明确脑梗死患者颈动脉粥样硬化斑块特征,具有较高的诊断价值,并通过彩超早期筛查,可以早期发现脑梗死危险患者,预防脑梗死的发生。     

儿童遗传性心律失常的诊治进展

回顾在遗传性心律失常领域最新发表的相关研究,主要关注与儿童心源性猝死关系密切的离子通道病,包括长QT综合征（LQTS）、短QT综合征（SQTS）、Brugada综合征（BrS）和儿茶酚胺敏感性多形性室性心动过速（CPVT）,总结它们在发病机制及诊治方面的进展。     

The acoustic characteristics of the skull

Many investigators have stated that the difficulties of imaging with acoustical energy through the skull result from the marked attenuation of the energy by the skull. In the literature measurements of total attenuation have been confused with those for absorption.Measurements made by us show that absorption by compact bone varies between 2–3 dB cm^?1 MHz^?1 and, in the low megaHertz region appears to be directly proportional to frequency.It has also between shown that the convoluted inner surface of the ivory bone of the inner table of the skull may degrade the collimation and directionality of the beam by refraction.Cancellous bone, such as is present in the dipole of the skull, greatly attenuates the energy. It is postulated that this largely results from scattering. It is also postulated that the energy propagates through cancellous bone as two components, one in the soft tissues and the other partly in the bony spicules. Observations suggest that attenuation due to scattering much more markedly affects the latter of these components and scatters more greatly the higher frequencies in a pulse of broad bandwidth.The energy in each component has varying propagation paths so that the later cycles in the pulse of each component are subject to increasing interference as a result of the variations in propagation times. The two components moreover may have different propagation times so that interference may occur between the pulses of each component as well.All of these phenomena degrade the collimation, coherence, directionality, beam width, pulse length, frequency and other properties of the ultrasonic energy upon which imaging through the skull depends.The interference effects described above are least for the first cycle in the pulse which usually is not the cycle of highest amplitude. Since, in the free field, most of the energy is concentrated around the beam axis, most of the energy in the field which is deflected from its normal propagation path is deflected away from the beam axis. Thus the directionality of the beam is least degraded in the beam axis. The effects of the skull in degrading the properties of the ultrasonic pulse would therefore be lessened if the amplitude of the first cycle of the pulse and the directionality of its energy could be used for imaging.     

Organ Preservation: Current Concepts and New Strategies for the Next Decade

SUMMARY: Organ transplantation has developed over the past 50 years to reach the sophisticated and integrated clinical service of today through several advances in science. One of the most important of these has been the ability to apply organ preservation protocols to deliver donor organs of high quality, via a network of organ exchange to match the most suitable recipient patient to the best available organ, capable of rapid resumption of life-sustaining function in the recipient patient. This has only been possible by amassing a good understanding of the potential effects of hypoxic injury on donated organs, and how to prevent these by applying organ preservation. This review sets out the history of organ preservation, how applications of hypothermia have become central to the process, and what the current status is for the range of solid organs commonly transplanted. The science of organ preservation is constantly being updated with new knowledge and ideas, and the review also discusses what innovations are coming close to clinical reality to meet the growing demands for high quality organs in transplantation over the next few years.     

2017年呼吸疾病主要进展

2017年,国内外学者在呼吸系统疾病的临床和基础领域均进行了深入研究,不仅对相关指南进行了更新,并且针对一些临床热点、难点问题达成专家共识,现就2017年呼吸疾病相关进展作一简单介绍。     

家族性噬血细胞性淋巴组织细胞增生症1例并文献复习

目的加强对家族性噬血细胞性淋巴组织细胞增生症（familially hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis,FHL）的认识。方法报道确诊为FHL的新病例1例,结合国内外报道的FHL的病例,对该病的临床特点进行汇总分析。结果FHL2常与PRF1基因突变相关,约20%~40%的患者存在穿孔素基因突变。结论对于有阳性家族史,基因诊断明确,应尽早行化疗或者造血干细胞移植。若无家族史,未发现与继发性HLH相关的原发病因,可考虑行基因筛查以明确是否存在FHL的可能。     

COVID‐19 and COVID‐19 vaccine‐related dermatological reactions: An interesting case series with a narrative review of the potential critical and non‐critical mucocutaneous adverse effects related to virus,therapy, and the vaccination

This narrative review article was conducted to lay out a summarized but exhaustive review of current literature over mucocutaneous manifestations in 4 dimensions of SARS‐CoV‐2 pandemic: virus itself, treatment‐related, vaccine‐induced, and alteration of chronic dermatologic diseases following infection. Virus and vaccine‐related were mainly self‐limited and non‐severe. Treatment‐related reactions could be life‐threatening.     

Burkitt's lymphoma of maxillary gingiva: A case report

Burkitt's lymphoma(BL) is an aggressive form of nonHodgkin's B-cell lymphoma with three variants namely endemic, sporadic, and immunodeficiency-associated types. It is endemic in Africa and sporadic in other parts of the world. While the endemic form is widely reported to occur in early childhood and commonly involves the jaw bones, the sporadic form typically presents as an abdominal mass. This presentation reports a rare case of sporadic form of BL clinically manifesting as a generalized gingival enlargement in an immunocompetent adult male which demonstrated an aggressive behavior. The patient reported with a prominent anterior gingival swelling of 6 mo duration which slowly enlarged in size and associated with multiple lymph node involvement. Microscopic examination of the lesion using H, E and immunohistochemical diagnosis confirmed the diagnosis as BL. The patient succumbed to the disease before any therapy could be instituted. Since a wide array of causes can be attributed to gingival enlargements, it is necessary to consider malignancies as one of the important differential diagnosis so as to facilitate the need for appropriate diagnosis and prompt treatment.     

Real‐life effectiveness of biological therapies on symptoms in severe asthma with comorbid CRSwNP

BackgroundWe aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of different antibody therapies on nasal polyp symptoms in patients treated for severe asthma.MethodsWe performed a retrospective analysis of patients with severe asthma and comorbid CRSwNP who were treated with anti‐IgE, anti‐IL‐5/R or anti‐IL‐4R. CRSwNP symptom burden was evaluated before and after 6 months of therapy.ResultsFifty patients were included hereof treated with anti‐IgE: 9, anti‐IL‐5/R: 26 and anti‐IL‐4R: 15 patients. At baseline median SNOT‐20 was similar among groups (anti‐IgE: 55, anti‐IL‐5/R: 52 and anti‐IL‐4R: 56, p = 0.76), median visual analogue scale (VAS) for nasal symptoms was 4, 7 and 8 (p = 0.14) and VAS for total symptoms was higher in the anti‐IL‐4R group (4, 5 and 8, p = 0.002). After 6 months SNOT‐20 improved significantly in all patient groups with median improvement of anti‐IgE: −8 (p < 0.01), anti‐IL‐5/R: −13 (p < 0.001) and anti‐IL‐4R: −18 (p < 0.001), with larger improvement in the anti‐IL‐4R group than in anti‐IgE (p < 0.001) and anti‐IL‐5/R (p < 0.001) groups. VAS nasal symptoms improved by median anti‐IgE: 0 (n.s.), anti‐IL‐5/R: −1 (p < 0.01) and anti‐IL‐4R: −3 (p < 0.001), VAS total symptoms by anti‐IgE: −1 (n.s.), anti‐IL‐5/R: −2 (p < 0.001) and anti‐IL‐4R: −2 (p < 0.001).ConclusionsTreatment by all antibodies showed effectiveness in reducing symptoms of CRSwNP in patients with severe asthma, with the largest reduction observed in anti‐IL‐4R‐treated patients.     

Recalcitrant giant orf recurrence after amputation: A case report and review of the literature

Orf is caused by a parapoxvirus. We present a recurrent, giant digital orf case in a female patient with a history of hairy cell leukemia. In spite of shave excision, the lesion progressed and recurred after digital amputation. Treatment with topical imiquimod cream and systemic subcutaneous interferon alfa‐2a was successful.