中西医结合治疗膀胱肿瘤的基础研究

目的：探讨转基因肿瘤疫苗与大蒜素联合治疗膀胱肿瘤的效果与机理.方法：脂质体转染法将B7.1基因导入鼠膀胱肿瘤（MBT-2）细胞.免疫荧光染色测定B7.1分子的表达.混合淋巴细胞培养MTT法和LDH释放法观察对免疫系统的影响.MTT法测定大蒜素对肿瘤细胞生长的影响.动物实验测定联合治疗效果.结果：B7.1转基因肿瘤疫苗能有效刺激淋巴细胞增殖.与大蒜素能产生协同抗癌效果.这种协同抗癌效果与淋巴细胞的特异性杀伤活性有关.结论：转基因肿瘤疫苗与大蒜素合用有更好的抗肿瘤效果.     

小鼠肝癌细胞系Hepa1-6 B7.1瘤苗抗肿瘤免疫的实验研究

目的：研究小鼠肝癌细胞系Hepal-6转染B7.1基因后在体内外抗肿瘤免疫的作用。方法：采用脂质体介导的方法用pLXSNB7.1转染PA317包装细胞，经G418筛选出高滴度阳性的细胞克隆，以流式细胞仪检测B7.1分子的表达情况；用所获病毒上清进一步感染Hepal-6细胞，观察转染B7.1基因后Hepal-6细胞作为肿瘤疫苗在体内外诱发抗肿瘤免疫的情况。结果：Hepal-6/B7.1高表达B7.1分子，其致瘤性明显降低。接种小鼠后成瘤率为20%，而亲代Hepal-6细胞成瘤率为100%，转B7.1基因肿瘤细胞疫苗可抑制肿瘤生长速度，延长荷瘤小鼠生存期；且转B7.1基因肿瘤细胞疫苗具有保护性免疫反应。结论：转B7.1基因的肿瘤细胞作为肿瘤疫苗可有效地激发机体的抗肿瘤免疫反应。     

CH50多肽对IFN-γ基因转染癌细胞体内生长及免疫刺激作用的影响

探讨重组FN多肽CH50对IFN-γ基因转染癌细胞体内生长及免疫刺激作用的影响。将小鼠IFN-γ基因转染黑色素瘤B16/Fl细胞,测定其表达产物与CH50协同刺激巨噬细胞产生NO的作用、转染细胞接种小鼠并注射CH50时对脾细胞的免疫刺激作用及瘤细胞的体内生长特性。结果表明,转染细胞表达产物可与CH50协同作用刺激巨噬细胞产生NO。转染细胞表达IFN-γ水平较低,仍可在体内形成肿瘤,注射CH50能够抑制其形成肿瘤。基因转染细胞和CH50能够促进脾细胞对肿瘤细胞的杀伤能力。研究表明,CH50不仅可以提高肿瘤疫苗的安全性,也可以提高肿瘤疫苗刺激机体免疫系统的作用。并提示,表达CH50和IFN-γ双因子的肿瘤疫苗可为提高肿瘤疫苗治疗肿瘤的效果开辟新的途径。     

用射线照射的B7-1转基因细胞进行肿瘤疫苗的研究

目的探讨用放射的B71转基因细胞进行肿瘤疫苗疗法的效果。方法将重组人B7-1基因真核表达载体导入CAK-1肾细胞瘤细胞,利用转基因细胞治疗观察其抗肿瘤效果。结果转基因细胞的肿瘤原性较CAK-1／Wt、CAK-1／pCDNA3组明显降低（P〈0．001）。同时免疫原性明显增强,以^60Co照射的CAK-1／B7-1细胞免疫后,小鼠体内诱发了抗CAK-1／Wt的系统性、保护性免疫。用^60Co灭活的转基因细胞作为瘤苗进行实验性治疗,能够延长小鼠的生存时间,减慢肿瘤的生长速度,CAK-1／H7-1的应用提高了肿瘤治疗效果（P〈0．01）。结论放射的转基因细胞及其表达的H7细胞因子可以有效地激发机体的抗肿瘤免疫应答,B71表达肿瘤细胞应用可以成为一种很有前景的肿瘤疫苗。     

大蒜素联合顺铂对大鼠膀胱肿瘤生长抑制和诱导凋亡的实验研究

目的:评价大蒜素联合顺铂治疗SD大鼠膀胱肿瘤的效果,探讨其作用机制.方法:膀胱灌注N-甲基亚硝基脲(MNU)诱导建立SD大鼠膀胱肿瘤模型,于第14周对5组荷瘤大鼠分别腹腔注射牛理盐水,顺铂,不同浓度大蒜素,顺铂 大蒜素.每次注射0.2ml,隔日1次.共7次,其间观察实验动物生存状态.全部注射完毕后处死大鼠,称取膀胱总重量,对肿瘤组织进行常规石蜡切片,HE染色,光镜观察,TUNEL法检测肿瘤细胞凋亡情况.结果:生理盐水组、不同浓度大蒜素组、顺铂 大蒜素组的大鼠体重均随鼠龄的增长而增加,而顺铂组大鼠在停药后随鼠龄的增长体重明显降低,与其他各组比较,差异显著.顺铂 大蒜素组大鼠膀胱的总重量显著小于其他各组.TUNEL法原位检测发现各组均出现不同程度的肿瘤细胞凋亡,大蒜素 顺铂组尤为明显.结论:大蒜素联合顺铂可共同诱导细胞凋亡发挥协同效应,抑制膀胱肿瘤的生长.并且能改善大鼠的生存状态.     

树突状细胞联合重组腺病毒Ad-Mig基因治疗小鼠淋巴瘤的实验研究

目的 观察树突状细胞(DC)和腺病毒介导的小鼠Mig基因对小鼠淋巴瘤的抗肿瘤效果.方法 利用EG7细胞皮下注射C57BL/6小鼠建立小鼠淋巴瘤模型,单独或联合应用DC和携带Mig基因的重组腺病毒(Ad-Mig)直接进行瘤内注射治疗,观察小鼠皮下肿瘤生长情况.采用HE染色观察肿瘤组织的变化.用乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)释放法检测CTL和NK的杀伤活性.结果 DC能显著抑制荷瘤小鼠皮下肿瘤的生长.使肿瘤组织中炎细胞数量增多而肿瘤细胞数量明显减少,能显著增强荷瘤小鼠脾细胞NK和CTL杀伤活性.与单独应用DC相比,DC与Ad-Mig联合应用可明显提高抗肿瘤效果.结论 DC对小鼠淋巴瘤有显著治疗效果.且与Ad-Mig基因联合应用能进一步提高抗肿瘤效果.     

rhTNF和阿霉素联合治疗小鼠肿瘤疗效观察

目的：探讨ｒｈＴＮＦ和阿霉素联合治疗Ｈ（２２）、Ｓ（１８０）肿瘤的疗效。方法：肿瘤细胞种植至小鼠皮下，测定肿瘤的重量及生长数、肿瘤抑制率、体外脾细胞抗肿瘤活性。结果：联合用药可完全抑制肿瘤生长，对已治愈的荷瘤小鼠，再次接种同种肿瘤细胞时，肿瘤生长分别为１（１／５），０（０／５）。进一步试验发现用治愈小鼠脾细胞与同种肿瘤细胞接种小鼠皮下，可取得同样效果；接种异种肿瘤细胞结果与对照组相似。在体外试验中，用治愈小鼠脾细胞与同种或异种肿瘤细胞孵育，细胞毒指数与对照组相似。结论：联合治疗疗效较好。     

rhTNF和阿霉素联合治疗小鼠肿瘤疗效观察

目的：探讨ｒｈＴＮＦ和阿霉素联合治疗Ｈ２２、Ｓ１８０肿瘤的疗效。方法：肿瘤细胞种植至小鼠皮下，测定肿瘤的重量及生长数、肿瘤抑制率、体外脾细胞抗肿瘤活性。结果：联合用药可完全抑制肿瘤生长，对已治愈的荷瘤小鼠，再次接种同种肿瘤细胞时，肿瘤生长分别为１（１／５），０（０／５）。进一步试验发现用治愈小鼠脾细胞与同种肿瘤细胞接种小鼠皮下，可取得同样效果；接种异种肿瘤细胞结果与对照组相似。在体外试验中，用治愈     

重组hIFN-α-2b-BCG抗肿瘤效应的体外研究

目的:了解重组hIFN-α-2b-BCG (rBCG) 体外抗肿瘤的作用效果和作用机制。方法:体外共培养后,透射电镜观察不同时间点rBCG对人膀胱肿瘤EJ细胞的影响。吖啶橙染色观察各组肿瘤细胞形态。MTT法检测rBCG对肿瘤细胞生长抑制率。ELISA检测rBCG作用后淋巴细胞分泌Th1型细胞因子水平。LDH释放试验检测rBCG激活的淋巴细胞对肿瘤细胞杀伤效应。结果:BCG和rBCG作用后的肿瘤细胞在透射电镜下和吖啶橙染色后均有显著变化。MTT显示rBCG的生长抑制率显著高于BCG和BCG+IFN组。rBCG对淋巴细胞分泌Th1型细胞因子有影响,同时rBCG激活的淋巴细胞对膀胱肿瘤细胞的杀伤作用。结论:重组BCG在体外有优于BCG的免疫调节特性、抗肿瘤作用和直接细胞毒作用。     

GPI-CD80融合蛋白的抗肿瘤作用研究

目的 研究GPI-CD80融合蛋白对肿瘤生长的抑制作用及其机制.方法 将纯化的GPI-CD80蛋白与HepG2细胞共培养后用丝裂霉素灭活,制成肿瘤疫苗.设单纯丝裂霉素灭活的HepG2细胞为对照疫苗.将两组疫苗与裸鼠脾淋巴细胞共培养,MTT法检测淋巴细胞增殖及细胞因子IL-2、IFN-γ量的变化;乳酸脱氢酶法检测CTL的活性变化;将两组疫苗接种于荷瘤裸鼠,测量裸鼠肿瘤体积的变化.结果 脾淋巴细胞经肿瘤疫苗刺激后,OD值、IL-2、IFN-γ的量和CTL的活性均高于对照疫苗组,差异有统计学意义;实验组荷瘤裸鼠平均肿瘤体积小于阴性对照组和空白对照组,差异有统计学意义.结论 GPI-CD80融合蛋白能够抑制荷瘤裸鼠瘤体的生长速度,其机制可能与诱导T淋巴细胞增生、刺激细胞因子IL-2、IFN-γ的分泌、增强CTL活性等有关.     

Effect of Allicin in Antagonizing Mice's Bladder Cancerin vitro and in vivo

Objective: To explore anti-tumor effect and mechanism of Allicin in treating murine bladder tumor. Methods: To observe Allicin's effect on MBT-2 tumor cells in vitro, 100 μg/ml Allicin was added to the tumor cell culture, and the morphology of tumor cells was observed by phase contrast microscope 6 hrs later. The direct effects of Allicin on tumor cell growth in vitro in the MTT Assay was also evaluated. To determine anti-tumor effect of Allicin in vivo, C3H/He mice were randomly grouped prior to initiation of experiment. The mice received 1×105 MBT-2 cells administered subcutaneously into the right posterior flank on the Day 0 the experiment started. Allicin was injected at the site near tumor transplantation on the Day 1. The mice were examined for tumor development and the tumors were measured in two dimensions with calipers twice a week. On Day 21 the tumors were resected and examined pathologically to see the immune response. Results: The observation of morphology of MBT-2 cells in vitro and MTT a     

Effect of Allicin in antagonizing mice’s bladder cancer in vitro and in vivo

Objective To explore anti-tumor effect and mechanism of Allicin in treating murine bladder tumor.Methods: To observe Allicin’s effect on MBT-2 tumor cells in vitro, 100 ⧎g/ml Allicin was added to the tumor cell culture, and the morphology of tumor cells was observed by phase contrast microscope 6 hrs later. The direct effects of Allicin on tumor cell growth in vitro in the MTT Assay was also evaluated. To determine anti-tumor effect of Allicin in vivo, C3H/He mice were randomly grouped prior to initiation of experiment. The mice received 1 × 10⁵ MBT-2 cells administered subcutaneously into the right posterior flank on the Day 0 the experiment started. Allicin was injected at the site near tumor transplantation on the Day 1. The mice were examined for tumor development and the tumors were measured in two dimensions with calipers twice a week. On Day 21 the tumors were resected and examined pathologically to see the immune response.Results: The observation of morphology of MBT-2 cells in vitro and MTT assay indicated that Allicin has apparent direct cytotoxicity to bladder cancer cells. In high dosage group, a marked delay was shown in the appearance and growth of tumors after subcutaneously injection when compared with the control group (P< 0.01). Histology studies suggested that there were more macrophages, lymphocytes and fibroblasts at the peri-tumor region than the control group.Conclusion: Allicin has a marked tumor inhibitory effect on bladder tumor. This effect could possibly be related to direct cytotoxicity and activation of immune response. It could as possibly prove to be an effective intravesical treatment agent for superficial bladder cancer. The project was sponsored by the Scientific Research Foundation for the Returned Overseas Chinese Personnels, State Education Ministry (Grant No. 247)     

人B7-2基因修饰的食管癌细胞瘤苗抗肿瘤的免疫效应

目的:研究人B7-2基因修饰的食管癌细胞作为瘤苗的抗肿瘤作用。方法:将真核荧光表达载体pEGFP-C3-B7-2,通过脂质体转染技术转染人食管癌细胞株EC9706。外周血来源的树突状细胞(DC)负载肿瘤抗原后,与自体T淋巴细胞共培养3d,获得细胞毒性T淋巴细胞(CTL)。用四甲基偶氮唑蓝(MTT)法检测CTL对转染和未转染pEGFP-C3-B7-2的人食管癌细胞EC9706的杀伤活性。结果:CTL对转染pEGFP-C3-B7-2的肿瘤细胞的杀伤活性大于转染pEGFP-C3和未转染细胞的杀伤活性(P<0.05)。结论:人B7-2基因修饰的EC9706肿瘤细胞瘤苗,可诱导出明显的抗EC9706细胞的免疫效应。     

Anti-tumor effect of murine renal cell carcinoma cells genetically modified to express B7-1 combined with cytokine secreting fibroblasts

Recently, many experiments have shown that the expression of the costimulatory molecule B7-1 on tumor cells can induce tumor-specific immunity. These results suggest that tumor cells modified to express costimulatory molecules can be used as a potential tumor vaccine. For this purpose, we transduced B7-1 gene into renal adenocarcinoma cells of spontaneous origin (Renca) in BALB/c mouse using the retroviral vector system. Our results indicated that approximately 60% of cells expressed B7-1 gene product using the retroviral vector system, and that B7-1 transduction did not affect the expression of MHC molecules on tumor cells nor the in vitro growth rate of tumor cells, but only in vivo tumorigenicity. As for the antitumor effect on the remote site, there were no significant differences among parental Renca, Renca lac Z and Renca B7-1 sublines, although tumors grew a little more slowly in the mice injected with Renca B7-1 cells as a vaccine. Even if the growth of tumors was significantly delayed in the mice treated by Renca B7-1 as a vaccine combined with the injection of BALB/c3T3 IL-12 near to the tumor on the same or following day, no significant antitumor effects were observed when the Renca B7-1 cells were injected as a vaccine compared with cytokines near the vaccine site. These results indicated that B7-1 gene transduction can decrease the tumorigenicity of murine renal cell carcinoma cells, but fails to induce sufficient antitumor response when it is used as a tumor vaccine. It is necessary to develop immunogenicity, by such means as irradiation or a combination of appropriate cytokines, to stimulate effective tumor immunity in a therapeutic setting.     

双表达B7-1、B7-2基因肿瘤疫苗治疗小鼠肝癌优于单表达疫苗的研究

目的:研究B7-1、B7-2基因对肿瘤的免疫治疗作用。方法:应用转染有B7-1、B7-2基因的肝癌细胞株H22/B7-1、H22/B7-2,建立小鼠肝癌模型,观察小鼠成瘤期、荷瘤小鼠存活期及肿瘤结节大小。结果:各实验组动物都发生肿瘤,接种H22/B7-1 H22/B7-2组成瘤率低,对照组动物肿瘤呈进行性生长;组间成瘤潜伏期不同,与对照组相比,凡接种有H22/B7-2的小鼠肿瘤形成有迟发性;接种转B7基因细胞的小鼠肿瘤生长都较对照组慢;同时接种H22/B7-1和H22/B7-的小鼠能负载大于107的肿瘤细胞。转基因细胞在体外刺激淋巴细胞增殖和诱导CTLs的能力明显增强。结论:B7-1、B7-2都能增强肝癌细胞的免疫原性。B7-2在抗肿瘤早期发挥作用,B7-1随后起放大和调节作用。B7-1与B7-2联用效果优于单一应用。     

人乳头瘤病毒16型E6E7基因协同共激活分子B7-1基因免疫诱导的特异性免疫反应

目的利用突变修饰后的中国山东地方株人乳头瘤病毒16型(humanpapillomavirustype16,HPV16)E6E7融合基因(fmE6E7),研究治疗HPV16感染相关疾病的DNA疫苗,并进一步探索利用共激活分子B7-1基因,研究更加活化细胞免疫的加强疫苗。方法将用PCR法扩增获得fmE6E7基因插入真核表达质粒pVR1012中获得pVR1012-fmE6E7,瞬时转染Cos-7细胞,免疫荧光组织化学法检测证实其表达后,在C57BL/6小鼠肌肉内进行pVR1012-fmE6E7单独免疫,或与小鼠共激活分子B7-1基因真核表达质粒(pcDNA3.1-B7-1)联合免疫。51Cr释放法分析免疫小鼠的细胞毒性T淋巴细胞(cytotoxicTlymphocytes,CTL)活性,间接ELISA法检测小鼠血清中E7特异性抗体。用5×105个C3细胞皮下接种C57BL/6小鼠,分析小鼠体内诱发的特异性抗瘤免疫水平。结果修饰后的E6E7基因免疫可诱导机体产生特异的抗体反应和CTL反应,小鼠B7-1基因与fmE6E7联合免疫可显著提高特异性CTL活性,并可保护33%(2/6)的小鼠免受C3肿瘤细胞的攻击,而单独fmE6E7基因免疫则不能抑制C3瘤细胞的生长,联合B7-1基因免疫对诱发的抗体水平无加强作用。结论中国山东地方株E6E7融合基因可用于DNA疫苗的构建,B7-1基因协同免疫可提高疫苗的细胞免疫水平,利用B7-1基因作为HPV16DNA疫苗的协同因子具有重要价值。     

β-榄香烯联合DC/DRibble疫苗促进脾细胞增殖及活化研究

目的:通过观察β-榄香烯联合DC/DRibble疫苗对小鼠脾细胞增殖和IFN-γ分泌水平的影响,探讨β-榄香烯抗肿瘤的免疫机制。方法:制备Balb/c小鼠脾脏来源的树突状细胞(dentritic cell,DC)并鉴定其表型,以Balb/c小鼠来源的肝癌细胞株BNL1MEA.7R.1(BNL)为靶细胞,募集富含肿瘤"信息"的抗原载体—自噬小体(Drips in blebs,DRibble),制备DC/DRibble疫苗。用CCK-8法检测β-榄香烯联合DC/DRibble疫苗对脾细胞的增殖作用,用ELISA法检测培养上清液中IFN-γ的水平。结果:β-榄香烯在合适浓度下联合DC/DRibble疫苗能促进脾细胞增殖并刺激效应性淋巴细胞产生高水平的IFN-γ。结论:β-榄香烯可能通过增强DC抗原递呈功能以发挥抗肿瘤作用。     

肿瘤抗原致敏树突状细胞诱导机体产生抗肿瘤作用的实验研究

目的：探讨肿瘤抗原冲击致敏的树突状细胞（Dc）诱导机体产生的特异性抗肿瘤作用。方法：体外培养的小鼠骨髓树突状细胞用小鼠结肠腺癌细胞株CT26细胞抗原冲击致敏；混合淋巴细胞反应检测肿瘤抗原致敏DC刺激同基因型T淋巴细胞增殖的能力；观察小鼠经皮下免疫肿瘤抗原致敏DC后诱导产生肿瘤特异性细胞毒性T淋巴细胞（CTL）和抵抗CT26细胞再攻击的能力。结果：肿瘤抗原致敏DC能有效刺激同基因型T淋巴细胞增殖反应；小鼠经肿瘤抗原致敏DC免疫后可诱导强烈的CT[，杀瘤活性，产生免疫保护作用，能有效抵抗CT26细胞再攻击，肿瘤生长明显减缓，与未经抗原致敏DC免疫的小鼠组比较，差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。结论：肿瘤抗原致敏的DC能有效诱导机体产生特异性的抗肿瘤作用。