前哨淋巴结活检在早期乳腺癌手术中的意义

目的探讨前哨淋巴结活检在早期乳腺癌外科治疗中决定乳腺切除范围的意义.方法278例乳腺癌患者,利用γ-探测仪定位前哨淋巴结(SLN),切下的SLN和腋窝淋巴结(ALN)行HE染色和免疫组织化学染色(IHC),观察前哨淋巴结病理结果,预测腋窝淋巴结转移的准确性.结果278例前哨淋巴结,检出率91.73%(255/278).248例进行腋窝淋巴结清扫,HE染色86例腋窝淋巴结转移,87例前哨淋巴结转移;IHC染色显示腋窝淋巴结转移91例,前哨淋巴结转移88例.60例前哨淋巴结活检阴性的早期乳腺癌保乳治疗后,随访3～5年影像学检查均未发现局部复发或腋窝淋巴结转移,保乳保腋窝组和保乳未保腋窝组远期疗效无区别.结论前哨淋巴结活检用于指导腋窝淋巴结清扫,是一种相对可靠的客观指标,活检阴性可作为保留腋窝的安全指标,但术后仍需监测腋窝淋巴结的增多或增大现象,必要时进行淋巴结活检.     

前哨淋巴结活检对早期乳腺癌患者腋窝淋巴结转移状况的预测

目的：探讨前哨淋巴结活检对早期乳腺癌患者腋窝淋巴结转移状况预测的临床应用价值。 方法：选取100例乳腺癌手术患者,应用前哨淋巴结活检判断患者腋窝淋巴结的肿瘤转移情况,并以腋窝淋巴结病理活检作为标准,对照分析前哨淋巴结活检判断早期乳腺癌患者腋窝淋巴结有否转移的准确性。 结果：前哨淋巴结病理活检预测腋淋巴结转移情况的灵敏度81.6%,特异性100%,假阴性率18.4%,假阳性率0,准确率92.9%,阳性预测值100%,阴性预测值89.7%。不同年龄的患者,所患肿瘤部位及所患肿瘤大小不同的患者,其前哨淋巴结的发现率、假阴性率和准确性均无统计学差异（P>0.05）。 结论：前哨淋巴结活检对于判断其是否有腋窝淋巴结转移有价值。     

乳腺癌前哨淋巴结活检的初步体会

目的 初步探讨乳腺癌前哨淋巴结（sentinel lymph node,SLN)检测的可行性,SLN预测腋窝淋巴结状态的可靠性。方法 对我院普外科收治的15例T1-2期、腋窝未扪及肿大淋巴结的乳腺癌病人,使用^99mTc右旋糖酐或^99mTc硫胶体为示踪剂,γ探测仪探测SLN,然后进行活检和腋窝淋巴结清扫（axillary lymph node dissection,ALND)。两处标本同时送病理检查,以此来评价SLN的病理组织学结果能否准确地反映腋窝淋巴结状态。结果 在10例病人中发现SLN,发现率为66.6%(10/15),SLN的数量为1-3枚/例,平均2.1枚/例,非前哨淋巴结（non-sentinel lymph node,NSLN)5-16枚/例,平均10.3枚/例,发现SLN的10例病人中1例（10%）SLN有癌转移,其他腋窝淋巴结未见转移;2例SLN未发现癌转移而NSLN有癌转移,假阴性率20%（2/10）,准确性80%（8/10）,结论 乳腺癌前哨淋巴结定位和活检技术以及预测腋窝淋巴结状态的可靠性方面有待进一步积累经验,提高准确性,降低假阴性率。     

乳腺癌前哨淋巴结活检对腋窝淋巴结转移的预警价值研究

目的探讨乳腺癌前哨淋巴结(sentinel lymph node,SLN)预警腋窝淋巴结转移的价值. 方法对56例乳腺癌行亚甲蓝前哨淋巴结定位、活检和腋窝淋巴结清扫术,标本常规行HE染色、免疫组化病理检查. 结果 SLN成功检出52例(52/56,92.8%),常规病理检查证实SLN转移22例;SLN无转移,但非SLN发现转移者1例,假阴性率为4.3%(1/23).常规病理检查无转移的29例患者,免疫组化检测发现1例CK-19( )、EMA( ),另1例CK-19( ),CEA( ),而所属非前哨淋巴结无肿瘤转移. 结论乳腺癌亚甲蓝前哨淋巴结定位、活检可以预示腋窝淋巴结转移.     

乳腺癌亚甲蓝示踪SLNB替代腋淋巴结清除术的初步研究报告

目的探讨乳腺癌前哨淋巴结活检术(SLNB)代替腋窝淋巴结清扫术(ALND)的可行性。方法对75例SLNB手术、病理诊断和随访结果进行分析。结果 75例患者行SLNB,67例(89.33%)成功。其中快速病理检查报告18例阳性,49例阴性;49例SLN阴性中术后HE染色病理证实2例(4.10%)有癌转移,再行ALND;平均随访45个月,仅1例前哨活检阴性患者术后15个月证实前哨位置淋巴结有癌转移。另46例至今未见复发。结论单一亚甲蓝示踪法SLNB准确性较高。对器材无特殊要求,学习曲线短。对于SLNB阴性患者,可不需行ALND。     

乳腔镜前哨淋巴结活检术的临床应用

目的 探讨经乳腔镜前哨淋巴结活检的可行性及应用前景。方法 应用亚甲蓝染色法检测62例乳腺癌患者的前哨淋巴结(SLN)。在乳腔镜下切除SLN,随后行乳腔镜腋窝淋巴结清扫,SLN、腋窝淋巴结同时行HE染色,评价SLN检出率及假阴性率。结果 62例患者61例检出前哨淋巴结,成功率98．4％。无腋窝淋巴结转移者35例,转移27例,假阴性率0。结论 乳腔镜前哨淋巴结活检检出率高,美容效果好,并发症低,对于乳腺癌腋窝淋巴结转移有较高的敏感性,可以为绝大多数乳腺癌进行准确淋巴分期。     

乳腺癌前哨淋巴结活检中亚甲蓝与亚甲蓝、同位素联合示踪的比较研究

目的比较单用亚甲蓝或联合亚甲蓝及同位素示踪剂在乳腺癌前哨淋巴结活检中的价值及研究影响前哨淋巴结活检准确性的因素。方法收集2005年3月至2006年7月期间行前哨淋巴结活检的164例乳腺癌患者,单用亚甲蓝示踪剂组104例,活检前乳晕旁皮下注射亚甲蓝2ml;亚甲蓝和同位素联合示踪剂组60例,术前肿瘤周围实质中4点注射^99m锝-硫胶体2mCi/4ml,经淋巴显像,术中在γ探测仪引导下行腋窝前哨淋巴结活检。结果前哨淋巴结总的检出率为97.0%（159/164）,准确性为95.0%（151/159）,假阴性率为14.0%（8/57）;联合组检出率、准确率、敏感性、阴性预测值高于亚甲蓝组,联合组的假阴性率为8.7%（2/23）,较亚甲蓝组17.7%的假阴性率为低（6/34）,但差异均无统计学意义（P=0.453）。亚甲蓝组平均每例检测出2.2枚前哨淋巴结,联合组为平均2.5枚（P=0.223）。前哨淋巴结数目≥3和〈3枚的患者假阴性率分别为0%和24.2%（8/33）（P=0.016）。联合组中发现73枚无蓝染仅有热点的前哨淋巴结,故同位素的应用将本组患者的检出率从85.0%（51/60）提高至98.3%（59/60）,假阴性率从21.7%（5/23）降低至8.7% （2/23）。结论在取得一定经验的情况下,亚甲蓝示踪与联合染料、同位素示踪可获得相似的前哨淋巴结检出率、准确率;同位素示踪剂的应用对亚甲蓝示踪起到很好的补充作用;前哨淋巴结检出越多,假阴性率越低。     

乳晕真皮内注射蓝色染料法前哨淋巴结活检的应用

目的 探讨使用乳晕真皮内注射蓝色染料法前哨淋巴结活检在早期乳腺癌治疗中的作用和价值。方法 回顾性分析25例早期乳腺癌患者应用乳晕真皮内注射蓝色染料法前哨淋巴结活检的临床结果。结果 25例患者中成功检测出前哨淋巴结者24例,检出率为96．0％。共检出前哨淋巴结62枚,平均每例2．5枚。病理结果中HE染色5例淋巴结有转移,免疫组化染色7例阳性。本组前哨淋巴结检出的灵敏度为87．5％;准确性96．0％;假阴性率12．5％;假阳性率0。结论 应用乳晕真皮内注射蓝色染料法前哨淋巴结活检在早期乳腺癌治疗中同样可以取得较高的检出率和准确性。     

腹腔镜下前哨淋巴结检测在早期宫颈癌中的应用

目的探讨早期宫颈癌腹腔镜下前哨淋巴结（Sentinel lymph node,SLN）检测的可行性及前哨淋巴结活检预测盆腔淋巴结转移状况的准确性,评价SLN活检在早期宫颈癌中的应用价值。方法选择诊断明确的早期宫颈癌患者26例,采用腹腔镜下广泛子宫切除术和盆腔淋巴结清扫术,术中从宫颈分4点注射1%亚甲蓝染料4ml行淋巴绘图,腹腔镜下识别和取蓝染淋巴结活检。蓝染淋巴结和手术的其他标本分别送病理检查,常规石蜡包埋切片、HE染色,以手术后所有切除的盆腔淋巴结常规HE染色病理检查结果为诊断金标准,观察SLN活检对预测盆腔淋巴结有无肿瘤转移的准确性、假阴性率等及SLN分布情况。结果26例宫颈癌中,23例成功检测出SLN,检出率为88.5%（23/26）。共检出SLN51枚,其中1个SLN者6例,2个SLN者9例,3个SLN者6例,4个SLN者1例,5个SLN者1例。双侧分布者占65.2%（15/23）。26例中,5例（19.2%）盆腔淋巴结有转移。23例SLN成功识别的患者中,3例（6枚）SLN存在转移。SLN转移且盆腔淋巴结有转移者2例,SLN是盆腔淋巴结唯一转移者1例,SLN无转移而盆腔淋巴结有转移者1例。SLN活检预测盆腔淋巴结的准确性为95.7%（22/23）,灵敏度为75%（3/4）,特异度为100%（19/19）,阴性预测值为95%（19/20）,SLN与盆腔淋巴结的转移有极好的一致性（κ=0.832）。结论采用腹腔镜技术可以较准确地检测出SLN,可以用于早期宫颈癌SLN活检;SLN能较准确地反映区域淋巴结的转移状况。     

乳腺癌患者腋窝前哨淋巴结微转移及孤立癌细胞的评价

目的 评价连续切片及免疫组化技术在乳腺癌前哨淋巴结(SLN)转移诊断中的价值,探讨微转移和孤立癌细胞的临床意义.方法 对80例腋窝淋巴结阴性的乳腺癌患者,用99mTc-SC和异硫蓝联合法进行前哨淋巴结活检(SLNB),对所有SLN和非SLN进行常规HE染色及免疫组织化学分析.结果 78例(97.5%)成功检出SLN,其中76.5%的SLN同位素和染料检查均为阳性.32例(41%)SLN转移阳性,其中13例(40.6%)为微转移.共有14例(43.8%)患者SLN是惟一阳性的淋巴结.SLN预测腋窝状态的敏感性、特异性和准确性分别为96.9%,100%和98.7%.SLN转移的患者,其SLN之外的转移率明显高于仅有微转移的患者(78.9%vs.23.1%).结论 连续切片及免疫组化技术是乳腺癌SLN转移诊断的敏感方法.仅有SLN微转移患者的SLN之外的腋窝淋巴结转移率低,但其预后意义及对手术方案的影响尚待进一步研究.     

前哨淋巴结检测在乳腺癌治疗中的意义

目的评价前哨淋巴结活检术 (sentinellymphnodebiopsy,SLNB)预测腋淋巴结肿瘤转移的准确性及其临床意义。方法使用专利蓝染色法和 /或99mTc标记的硫胶体示踪法对我院收治的81例乳腺癌患者进行前哨淋巴结活检。两种方法联合检测 3例前哨淋巴结 (sentinellymphnode ,SLN)均阴性者未行腋淋巴结清扫术。结果 81例患者SLN总检出率为 96 3% (78/81) ,总准确率为97 5 % ,总假阴性率 9 7%。 5 3例单纯染色法检出率为 92 5 % ,准确率 94 2 % ,假阴性率 15 8% ;2 8例99mTc示踪法和 /或染色法联合检测结果分别为 10 0 % ,10 0 %和 0。结论SLNB能够准确预测腋窝淋巴结的转移状况。两种方法联合检测为最佳。术前化疗对假阴性率可能有影响。     

T1期乳腺癌前哨淋巴结活检41例报告

目的 探讨前哨淋巴结活检术(sentinel lymph node biopsy，SLNB)在乳腺癌治疗中的应用。方法 使用美蓝染色，对2001年9月至2002年8月连续收治的41例T1期乳腺癌，临床检查腋窝淋巴结阴性的病人行前哨淋巴结活检术。结果 SLNB成功率87．8％(36／41)，假阴性率5．88％(1／17)，准确率97．2％(35／36)。结论 SLNB能够准确预测T1期乳腺癌腋窝淋巴结的转移情况，在缩小手术范围、减少术后并发症的同时，提高了腋窝淋巴结分期的准确性。     

临床腋淋巴结阴性乳腺癌前哨淋巴结研究

目的：探讨前哨淋巴结活检术（ｓｅｎｔｉｎｅｌ ｌｙｍｐｈ ｎｏｄｅ ｂｉｏｐｓｙ, ＳＬＮＢ）在乳腺癌治疗中的应用。方法：使用专利蓝和美蓝染色,对１９９９年９月～２００１年４月连续收治的１４５例临床查体腋窝淋巴结阴性乳腺癌病人行前哨淋巴结活检术。结果：ＳＬＮＢ成功率为９６．５％（１４０／１４５）,假阴性率为２３．５％,准确率为９１．４％。病人年龄、肿瘤最大径、肿瘤部位、注射染料类型及是否活检对成功率和假阴性率无影响。结论：ＳＬＮＢ能够准确预测腋窝淋巴结的转移状况,在缩小手术范围、减少术后并发症的同时,提高了腋窝淋巴结分期的准确性;美蓝与专利蓝均可成功确定ＳＬＮ。     

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??Study on sentinel lymph node biopsy by carbon nanoparticles and 99mTc sulfur colloid for rectal cancer TONG Han-xing, ZHAO Gang, LU Wei, et al. Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai200032,China Corresponding author: LU Wei-qi??E-mail: weiqi_lu@eastday.com Abstract Objective To evaluate the feasibility of sentinel lymph node ??SLN??biopsy (SLNB) after carbon nanoparticles (CNP) and 99mTc sulfur colloid (TSC) injected in rectal cancer patients. Methods Twenty-eight patients underwent radical resection of a primary rectal cancer between October 2004 and September 2006 at Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University were considered for inclusion. During resection, SLN mapping was performed with CNP and TSC. All lymph nodes were stained with HE. SLNs with negative routine HE staining were further analyzed with cytokratin 20 immunohistochemistical??CK20-IHC??staining. Results Fifty-two nodes ( 2 per patient) were identified as SLNs in 27 of 28 patients. In 18 of 27 patients, with SLNs and nonSLNs proven negative by HE staining, 5 patients showed positive SLNS by CK20-IHC. The accuracy rating and the false-negative rate of HE staining for SLN were 92.59% and 10% respectively. Conclusion SLNB by CNP and TSC for rectal cancer is feasible. Rectal cancer SLNB should apply different mapping method based on the lesion position.     

Positive sentinel lymph node biopsy predicts the number of metastatic axillary nodes of breast cancer

It remains to be clarified whether a positive sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) can predict the number of metastatic axillary nodes. This study examined a consecutive series of women with unilateral invasive breast cancer who underwent axillary lymph node dissection after an intra-operative positive SLNB. The numbers of positive and negative sentinel lymph nodes (SLNs) were analyzed for a likelihood of pN1a, pN2a, and pN3a diseases as per the UICC TNM classification. Of the 368 study patients, 165 (45%) had one positive SLN and one or more negative SLNs. This result represented the most common combination of positive and negative SLNs. It was also the most predictive indicator (93%) of pN1a disease and the least predictive indicator (7% or 0%) of pN2a or pN3a disease, respectively. The numbers of positive and negative SLNs can predict the number of metastatic axillary nodes in breast cancer patients.     

The Accuracy of Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy in the Treatment of Multicentric Invasive Breast Cancer Using a Subareolar Injection of Tracer

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to evaluate the feasibility and the accuracy of sentinel lymph node biopsy in multicentric breast cancer (MBC) performed by means of a subareolar (SA) injection of both 99Tc-labeled human albumin colloid and lymphazurin. METHODS: Between January 2002 and October 2007, 34 patients with MBC with clinically negative axilla underwent sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) followed by total axillary node dissection (AD). Overall successful identification rate of SLN was 100%; there were no false negatives and overall accuracy rate was 100%. RESULTS: The mean number of sentinel lymph nodes (SLNs) identified was 1.8 +/- 0.88 (range = 1-4); the mean number of axillary lymph nodes examined was 21.4 +/- 5.76 (range = 8-36). CONCLUSIONS: The authors conclude that SA injection of the tracer is feasible and efficacious in the identification of the SLN. The accuracy of SLNB in MBC is comparable to that obtained in unifocal disease.     

γ探测仪在乳腺癌前哨淋巴结定位活检中的应用

目的:探讨γ探测仪在临床腋窝淋巴结阴性乳腺癌前哨淋巴结定位活检术(SLNB)中的临床应用价值.方法:利用99m锝-右旋糖酐(99mTc-DX)作为前哨淋巴结(SLN)示踪剂,应用γ探测仪定位对29例临床腋窝淋巴结阴性乳腺癌病人实施SLNB,随后进行常规腋窝淋巴清扫术,分析SLNB对腋窝淋巴结转移状态的预测价值.结果:本组SLN转移率为41.67%,非SLN转移率仅为22.54%,两者有明显差异(P＜0.001).在19例常规病理SLN阴性病人中,连续切片发现2例SLN微转移.在12例SLN癌转移中,5例(41.66%)SLN为惟一的转移部位.有1例SLN阴性病人"跳跃转移".本组SLN的敏感性为92.31%,特异性为94.12%,假阴性为7.69%,准确率达96.55%.结论:SLN能准确反映早期乳腺癌腋窝淋巴结转移状态,连续切片能提高SLNB的准确性.     

Identification and evaluation of axillary sentinel lymph nodes in patients with breast carcinoma treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy

Sentinel lymph node (SLN) biopsy has been shown to predict axillary metastases accurately in early stage breast cancer. Some patients with locally advanced breast cancer receive preoperative (neoadjuvant) chemotherapy, which may alter lymphatic drainage and lymph node structure. In this study, we examined the feasibility and accuracy of SLN mapping in these patients and whether serial sectioning and keratin immunohistochemical (IHC) staining would improve the identification of metastases in lymph nodes with chemotherapy-induced changes. Thirty-eight patients with stage II or III breast cancer treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy were included. In all patients, SLN biopsy was attempted, and immediately afterward, axillary lymph node dissection was performed. If the result of the SLN biopsy was negative on initial hematoxylin and eosin-stained sections, all axillary nodes were examined with three additional hematoxylin and eosin sections and one keratin IHC stain. SLNs were identified in 31 (82%) of 38 patients. The SLN accurately predicted axillary status in 28 (90%) of 31 patients (three false negatives). On examination of the original hematoxylin and eosin-stained sections, 20 patients were found to have tumor-free SLNs. With the additional sections, 4 (20%) of these 20 patients were found to have occult lymph node metastases. These metastatic foci were seen on the hematoxylin and eosin staining and keratin IHC staining. Our findings indicate that lymph node mapping in patients with breast cancer treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy can identify the SLN, and SLN biopsy in this group accurately predicts axillary nodal status in most patients. Furthermore, serial sectioning and IHC staining aid in the identification of occult micrometastases in lymph nodes with chemotherapy-induced changes.     

乳腺癌新辅助化疗后前哨淋巴结活检的初步研究

目的研究乳腺癌新辅助化疗后前哨淋巴结活检（SLNB）的可行性和效果。方法利用新型示踪剂——^99mTc-利妥昔配合专利蓝染料对60例原发性乳腺癌新辅助化疗后病例进行SLNB，并对SLN进行常规病理检查和免疫组织化学检查。SLNB后常规腋窝淋巴结清扫。结果SLN检测成功率95％（57／60）。SLN转移阳性23例（40％），其中18例为常规病理检查转移阳性（78％），5例为免疫组织化学检出的微转移（22％）。23例SLN有转移病例中，9例同时存在其他腋窝淋巴结转移，另外14例为惟一转移淋巴结。1例SLN转移假阴性。灵敏度96％（23／24），准确性98％（56／57），特异度100％（33／33），假阴性率4．3％（1／23），阴性预测值97％（36／37），阳性预测值100％（24／24）。内乳淋巴结显像11例，活检病理检查均为转移阴性。结论同位素示踪剂和蓝染料联合检测方法对原发性乳腺癌新辅助化疗后进行SLNB同样适用，内乳前哨淋巴结活检不应做常规推荐。     

Subareolar sentinel node biopsy for multiple breast cancers

BACKGROUND: Sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) is deemed suitable only for unifocal breast cancers since multiple foci of cancers may drain to different nodes. We hypothesized that subareolar injection (SI) could identify the sentinel lymph nodes (SLN) accurately in patients with multiple cancers (MC) in the breast. METHODS: We prospectively employed SI of lymphazurin or technetium sulfur colloid, or both, for the identification of SLN in patients with MC in the breast. All patients underwent axillary dissection to compute the accuracy of SLNB. RESULTS: Forty patients presented with MC in the same breast between January 1996 and July 2002. Fifty-two percent (21 of 40) of patients had involvement of more than 1 quadrant; 18% (7 of 40) had more than 1 histologic type of cancers. SLNs were successfully identified in 100% of patients. Axillary disease was present in 63% (25 of 40) of patients. Sensitivity of SLNB was 100% and false negative rate was 0%. The SLN was the only node involved in 45% (18 of 40) of patients. CONCLUSIONS: SLNB using the SI technique may be an alternative to complete axillary dissection in patients with multiple breast cancers.