局限型细支气管-肺泡癌的外科治疗(附31例报告)

作者报告了经手术切除病理确诊的局限型肺泡癌31例，男19例，女12例。12岁以上25例（80．6％），8例无症状而经体检发现。手术切除30例，术后5年生存率为44．4％。认为肿块阴影内空泡征、细支气管充气征和胸膜皱缩征为肺泡癌的X线较具特征性表现，且以CT薄层扫描较易发现。本病治疗以手术为主，术后放疗、化疗对提高生存率似有一定帮助。     

颅骨嗜酸性肉芽肿X线诊断价值

目的探讨颅骨嗜酸性肉芽肿的X线诊断与鉴别诊断.方法回顾分析经病理证实31例颅骨嗜酸性肉芽肿的X线表现.结果31例患者共发现32个病灶,其中额骨14个;顶骨个12个;颞骨3个;枕骨3个.主要X线表现为边界清楚的溶骨性破坏;"双边征"或"斜边征";"钮扣样死骨"及软组织肿块.结论X线平片对颅骨嗜酸性肉芽肿具有诊断意义,仍为诊断本病的首选和基本方法.     

早期周围型肺癌的X线与CT诊断分析

目的:分析早期周围型肺癌的X线与CT征像特点,探讨X线与CT检查在早期周围型肺癌诊断中的作用。方法:对65例直径<3cm,经手术病理证实的周围型肺癌的X线胸片及CT扫描征象进行回顾性分析。对两种检查方法的定性准确率进行统计学检验。结果:分叶征、毛刺征、空气支气管征、血管集束征及胸膜凹陷征为早期周围型肺癌的基本征象。对病灶的定性诊断CT扫描明显优于普通X线检查(x=5.47 P<0.025)。结论:胸部X线检查是发现病变的基本首选方法,发现病变后进行CT扫描对早期周围型肺癌的确诊有重要意义,熟悉并掌握早期周围型肺癌的基本X线及CT征象是提高肺癌早期诊断水平的关键。     

早期周围型肺癌的X线与CT诊断分析

目的:分析早期周围型肺癌的X线与CT征像特点,探讨X线与CT检查在早期周围型肺癌诊断中的作用.方法:对65例直径＜3cm,经手术病理证实的周围型肺癌的X线胸片及CT扫描征象进行回顾性分析.对两种检查方法的定性准确率进行统计学检验.结果:分叶征、毛刺征、空气支气管征、血管集束征及胸膜凹陷征为早期周围型肺癌的基本征象.对病灶的定性诊断CT扫描明显优于普通X线检查(x=5.47 P＜0.025).结论:胸部X线检查是发现病变的基本首选方法,发现病变后进行CT扫描对早期周围型肺癌的确诊有重要意义,熟悉并掌握早期周围型肺癌的基本X线及CT征象是提高肺癌早期诊断水平的关键.     

恶性淋巴瘤肺浸润的CT与X线表现

目的分析恶性淋巴瘤肺浸润的CT与X线表现。方法对经病理证实的32例恶性淋巴瘤肺浸润的CT扫描及X线表现作回顾性分析。结果恶性淋巴瘤肺浸润的影像异常可分为肿块结节型、血行播散型、肺内淋巴组织受侵犯型、胸膜病变型。27例合并肺门或纵隔淋巴结肿大。20例具有3种或3种以上上述类型影像表现。结论恶性淋巴瘤肺浸润有多种X线CT表现。最常见为肿块结节型。肿块及肺实变中见支气管充气征为其特征性表现。CT显示恶性淋巴瘤肺浸润较X线敏感。常规胸部CT扫描有助于诊断与精确分期。     

27例中心型管内早癌各种普通X线表现与临床筛选适应症

根据作者“支气管阻塞呼吸动态X线分类法”动征原理,应用“选择性呼吸动透X线筛选法”报导9年全部病理证实27例中心型管内早癌各种X线表现。重点讨论动征与中心型肺癌的早期发现。27例中管内2cm以下21例(78％)。胸片(-),     

癌性阻塞性肺炎180例X线诊断

肺癌部分性或完全性阻塞支气管时,在X线平片上常引起远侧肺的密度增高阴影。临床上它更是中央型肺癌的最初的X线表现之一,值得重视。自1949年Mc Dooald首次提出阻塞性肺炎名称以来,一直认为它是受侵肺的支气管内分泌物潴留后细菌继发感染所致。本文收集经手术、内镜、或分层、痰检证实的中央型肺癌180例,就胸部平片上呈现的X线表现进行分析发现:被阻塞支气管远端肺除有实变阴影外,尚有间质纤维增生,间质     

周围型肺癌支气管内超声支气管充气征及其病理学基础

背景与目的支气管内超声图像中,良恶性病变均可见支气管充气征。本研究结合病理切片分析支气管内超声图像中不同病变支气管充气征的特征及临床意义。方法2005年6月1日-2008年12月30日期间,经胸部X线、CT检查发现肺部周围型病变,经常规可曲支气管镜(以下简称"支气管镜")检查,明确病变位于段支气管开口以下者92例,采用"径向支气管内超声探头"(radial endobronchial ultrasound probe)进行支气管内超声检查。结果78例病灶良恶性诊断明确者纳入分析,恶性病变无支气管充气征者占46.8%(22/47),25例无支气管充气征的病灶中22例为恶性(占88%),其中小细胞肺癌占66.7%(2/3),非小细胞癌占43.9%(18/41),低分化腺癌占50%(5/10),相应病理切片未见支气管充气相。不规则支气管充气征者占51.1%(24/47)。恶性病变中无支气管充气征和不规则支气管充气征两者共计97.9%(46/47),仅1例恶性病变(中分化腺癌),表现为规则的支气管充气征(1.3%)。恶性病变中不规则支气管充气征以腺癌多见,占55.2%(16/29),病理切片见散在支气管充气相,类似征象亦见于2例中分化鳞癌和1例低分化鳞癌。良性病变见规则同心圆状分布支气管充气征者占80.6%(25/31),无支气管充气征者或见不规则支气管充气征各占3.8%(3/31)。结论支气管内超声图像于低回声病灶中无支气管充气征或出现不规则支气管充气征时,高度提示恶性病变,出现规则同心圆状分布的支气管充气征时,以良性病变可能性大。     

多层螺旋CT对局灶性肺炎与周围型肺癌的鉴别诊断价值

 目的　探讨局灶性肺炎的CT特征。方法　回顾性分析了14例经病理证实的局灶性肺炎患者的CT表现,所有病例胸部X线摄片均拟诊为周围型肺癌。结果　14例病灶均位于肺野周边部,病变以宽基底与胸膜相连9例,病变边缘呈锯齿状或有粗长毛刺11例,有周围血管充血聚拢9例,周围存在卫星病灶5例,有胸膜凹陷征4例,3例发现空气支气管征。结论　CT检查对局灶性肺炎的诊断及鉴别诊断具有重要价值。     

细支气管肺泡细胞癌的临床特征及诊断——附42例报告

目的：探讨细支气管肺泡细胞癌的临床特征及避免误延诊的措施。方法：回顾分析了我院１９８８ 年５ 月～１９９８ 年７ 月诊治的４２ 例细支气管肺泡细胞癌病例的临床资料。结果：本病发病女性比男性稍高,首发症状以咳嗽、咯痰、痰中带血为多见,肺外表现少见。肺泡细胞癌极易与肺部感染,血行播散型肺结核,肺转移癌误诊。结论：凡胸部 Ｘ 线片示肺内结节片块状影,支气管气相,空泡征,兔耳征等应注意本病的可能。     

Comparison between solitary and multiple skeletal metastatic lesions of breast cancer patients.

BACKGROUND: Breast cancer has been the subject of many recent studies because it is a significant cause of death in women. This study was performed to clarify whether solitary skeletal metastasis has clinical significance compared with multiple skeletal metastasis. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Seven hundred and three patients who developed metastatic bone lesions up to September 2002 after beginning treatment for breast cancer from 1988 to 1998 were included. The lesions were classified first as solitary or multiple based on bone scan results and then according to anatomical distribution. Next, solitary-to-multiple conversion was investigated in patients with solitary skeletal metastasis. Then factors related to solitary or multiple skeletal metastasis were analyzed. The prognosis of skeletal metastasis was compared between patients with solitary or multiple metastatic bone lesions. A Cox proportional hazards model was used to test whether solitary skeletal metastasis compared with multiple skeletal metastasis was an independent factor of survival. RESULTS: Two hundred and eighty-nine patients (41%) had solitary skeletal metastasis and 414 patients (59%) showed multiple skeletal metastasis. The sternum was a frequent site for solitary skeletal metastasis (98 of 289, 34%), while other skeletal sites were more frequent in patients with multiple metastatic bone lesions (P <0.001). Solitary sternal metastatic lesions remained solitary longer than solitary metastatic bone lesions to places other than the sternum (P <0.001), but did not lengthen patient survival times (P = 0.871). The factors related to solitary skeletal metastasis are TNM stage (tumor-node-metastasis) and histology. The patients with earlier stage and favorable histology tend to have solitary skeletal metastasis. The patients with solitary skeletal metastasis lived longer than those with multiple metastatic bone lesions (P <0.001). Multivariate analysis revealed that a solitary metastatic bone lesion (P = 0.002) is an independent favorable prognostic factor in patients with skeletal metastasis. CONCLUSIONS: Solitary skeletal metastasis has a different anatomical distribution and is an independent prognostic factor in patients with skeletal metastasis.     

Differentiating solitary pulmonary metastases in patients with extrapulmonary neoplasmas using FDG-PET

The purpose of this preliminary study is to evaluate the characteristics of solitary pulmonary lesions in patients using extrapulmonary neoplasmas with 18F-fluoro-2-deoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET). Thirty-two patients with extrapulmonary neoplasmas who had solitary pulmonary lesions and were suspected for pulmonary metastasis underwent an oncological survey with FDG-PET. Standard uptake value (SUV) and the ratio of lesion-to-background (L/B ratio) were used as parameters to differentiate and characterize the solitary pulmonary lesions. Using SUV > 2.5 or L/B ratio > 3 as the cutoff to diagnose malignancy, FDG-PET correctly identified 29 true-positive cases. However, FDG-PET failed to interpret two false-positive and one false-negative cases. The accuracy of FDG-PET was 91%. We concluded that FDG-PET is an accurate modality to differentiate solitary pulmonary lesions in patients with extrapulmonary neoplasmas.     

Hypofractionated stereotactic radiotherapy alone without whole-brain irradiation for patients with solitary and oligo brain metastasis using noninvasive fixation of the skull

PURPOSE: To evaluate the efficacy and toxicity of hypofractionated stereotactic radiotherapy (HSRT) using noninvasive fixation of the skull on solitary or oligo brain metastatic patients as an alternative to stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) using invasive fixation. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The subjects were 87 patients who had 4 or fewer brain metastases (50 solitary, 37 oligometastases). Treatment was conducted on 159 metastases by using a linac-based stereotactic system. The median isocentric dose was 35 Gy in 4 fractions. Whole-brain irradiation was not applied as an initial treatment. For the salvage treatment of metachronous brain metastases, repeat HSRT or whole-brain irradiation was applied. RESULTS: The actuarial 1-year local tumor control rate was 81%. Treatment-related complications were observed in 4 patients in the early period (<3 months) and in 2 patients in the late period. The median survival period was 8.7 months. Metachronous brain metastases occurred in 30 patients, and none of the 18 patients who were eligible for salvage HSRT refused to receive it again. CONCLUSIONS: Hypofractionated stereotactic radiotherapy achieved tumor control and survival equivalent to those of SRS reported in the literature. The results suggested that HSRT could be an alternative for solitary or oligo brain metastatic patients with less toxicity and less invasiveness compared to SRS.     

Stereotactic radiosurgery for brain metastases: results and prognostic factors

This study was conducted to determine prognostic factors for tumor response and patient survival after stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) for brain metastasis. Eighty-four patients with brain metastasis underwent SRS at a single institution. After fixation of the head with a stereotactic frame, computed tomography treatment planning was performed. The metastatic lesion was treated with multiple arcs to a median dose of 19 Gy. Forty-seven patients (56%) had a solitary brain lesion. Fifty-nine patients (70%) had evidence of extracranial disease at the time of SRS. The median survival duration from SRS was 7 months. Sixty-three percent of the patients had an objective radiographic response to SRS, which in turn was associated with superior central nervous system control. Age, collimator size, number of arcs, tumor location, and histology did not influence objective response rates. Patients who had a solitary lesion or who received treatment within 2 weeks after diagnosis were more likely to have an objective response than were those who did not (P < 0.05). Progressive brain disease accounted for 37% of the deaths. Nineteen patients (23%) had an in-field relapse. Four severe complications were attributed to SRS. This study confirms the role of SRS as an acceptable treatment option for patients with solitary or limited brain metastases. Int. J. Cancer (Radiat. Oncol. Invest.) 90, 157-162 (2000).     

Synchronous Advanced Colorectal Neoplasia: Clinicopathologic Features and Prognostic Significance

Objective: This study aimed to compare the clinico-pathologic features, recurrence rate and disease-free survival between colorectal cancers (CRCs) with synchronous advanced colorectal neoplasia (SCN) and solitary CRCs to determine the prognostic significance of SCN. Methods: A retrospective review of prospectively collected data of patients with CRCs was conducted in Phramongkutklao Hospital from January 2009 to December 2014. Patients were categorized in 3 groups: 1) solitary CRCs, 2) CRCs with advanced colorectal adenomas (ACAs) but having no another cancer and 3) synchronous colorectal cancers (S-CRCs) with or without ACAs. Patients undergoing curative resection and complete standard adjuvant treatment were recruited to evaluate the prognostic significance of SCN.  Clinicopathologic features, recurrence rate and disease-free survival were analyzed to compare among different groups.  Result: Among 328 recruited patients, 282 were classified as solitary CRCs (86%), 23 as CRCs with ACAs (7%) and 23 as S-CRCs (7%). Patients with CRCs with SCN (groups 2 and 3) were significantly older than patients with solitary CRCs (p <0.01), and SCN was found more commonly among males (15.2%) than females (12.3%) (p=0.045). In all, 288 patients achieved a curative resection and accomplished complete standard postoperative adjuvant treatment. Of these, the accumulative number of patients experiencing tumor recurrence was 11.8, 21.2, 24.6, 26.4 and 26.7% at the 1-, 3-, 5-, 7- and 10-year surveillance period, respectively. The disease-free survival of the groups with SCN was marginally higher than that of solitary CRCs groups (p=0.72) (solitary CRCs, 120.7±4.4 months; CRCs/ACAs, 127.4±13.9 months and S-CRCs: 126.2±13.6 months). Conclusion: CRCs with SCN were found at a more advanced age than those with solitary CRCs. SCN was found more often among males than females. After achieving curative resection and complete adjuvant treatment, the recurrence rate and disease-free survival of CRCs with SCN did not significantly differ from those of solitary CRCs.     

Solitary fibrous tumor of the anterior mediastinum: a rare extrapleural neoplasm

Solitary fibrous tumors are uncommon spindle cell neoplasms originally thought to be restricted to the pleura. We describe a 62-year-old woman who presented with stridor and an anterior mediastinal mass. At thoracotomy, a 10.5 x 6.5 x 5.5 cm, circumscribed, firm mediastinal mass demonstrated no direct cardiac or pulmonary involvement. The tumor consisted of spindle cells organized in a patternless pattern with collagenous stroma and hemangiopericytoma-like vessels. Spindle cells were immunoreactive for CD34, CD99, desmin, vimentin and bcl-2 protein and a diagnosis of mediastinal solitary fibrous tumor was confirmed. The differential diagnosis of mediastinal solitary fibrous tumors is extensive and includes spindle cell thymoma, sarcomatoid carcinoma, malignant mesothelioma, inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor, peripheral nerve sheath tumors and various sarcomas. Despite their rarity in the mediastinum, solitary fibrous tumors can be recognized by their classic patternless morphology and immunophenotypic pattern. Their accurate classification is important, as solitary fibrous tumors are intermediate (rarely metastasizing) neoplasms that require complete surgical excision and long-term clinical follow-up for optimum therapy.     

SOLITARY PLASMACYTOMA OF BONE AND EXTRAMEDULLARY PLASMACYTOMA

ＳＯＬＩＴＡＲＹＰＬＡＳＭＡＣＹＴＯＭＡＯＦＢＯＮＥＡＮＤＥＸＴＲＡＭＥＤＵＬＬＡＲＹＰＬＡＳＭＡＣＹＴＯＭＡＹａｎｇＤｉｓｈｅｎｇ杨迪生；ＦａｎＳｈｕｎｗｕ范顺武；ＴａｏＨｕｉｍｉｎ陶惠民；ＨｅＲｏｎｇｘｉｎ何荣新；ＹｅＺｈａｏｍｉｎｇ叶招明；Ｚｈ...     

Solitary metastases: illusion versus reality

"Suddenly a solitary horseman appeared on the horizon, then another, then another...in a few moments a whole crowd of horsemen swooped down upon him."-Leacock The illusion of solitary metastases is counterintuitive but has generated a sizable literature on the subject. The reality is that there are more metastatic deaths each year than the total number of true long-term survivors of solitary metastases combining all organ sites in the literature of the past century up to the present time. The largest number of solitary metastases survivors had metastases primarily in the lung and/or liver. With innovations in molecular imaging and advances in molecular oncology, the stage is set to detect truly solitary metastases early. Then, aggressive treatment by surgical excision, stereotactic body radiosurgery, targeted chemotherapy, or immunotherapy could eradicate the lesion. A comprehensive review of solitary metastases in a large variety of anatomic sites is presented. A broader staging system is recommended to encompass a solitary metastasis (M1) and oligometastases (M2) as distinct from multiple metastases (M3).     

8例保肾手术治疗孤立肾或双侧肾细胞癌的经验

目的:评价保肾手术治疗孤立肾或双侧肾细胞癌的疗效.方法:采用保肾手术治疗孤立肾或双侧肾癌8例.其中孤立肾肾癌2例,双侧肾癌6例.5例行肿瘤剜出术,3例行肾部分切除术.结果:术后随访9～108个月,平均46个月,7例健在,且未见肿瘤复发或转移.1例术后9个月死于肺转移.结论:保肾手术是治疗孤立肾或双侧肾癌的理想方法.     

Nonsmall cell lung cancer presenting with synchronous solitary brain metastasis

BACKGROUND: Solitary brain metastases occur in about 50% of patients with brain metastases from nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The standard of care is surgical resection of solitary brain metastases, or stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) plus whole brain radiation therapy (WBRT). However, the optimal treatment for the primary site of newly diagnosed NSCLC with a solitary brain metastasis is not well defined. The goal was to distinguish which patients might benefit from aggressive treatment of their lung primary in patients whose solitary brain metastasis was treated with surgery or SRS. METHODS: The cases of 84 newly diagnosed NSCLC patients presenting with a solitary brain metastasis and treated from December 1993 through June 2004 were retrospectively reviewed at The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center. All patients had undergone either craniotomy (n = 53) or SRS (n = 31) for management of the solitary brain metastasis. Forty-four patients received treatment of their primary lung cancer using thoracic radiation therapy (median dose 45 Gy; n = 8), chemotherapy (n = 23), or both (n = 13). RESULTS: The median Karnofsky performance status score was 80 (range, 60-100). Excluding the presence of the brain metastasis, 12 patients had AJCC Stage I primary cancer, 27 had Stage II disease, and 45 had Stage III disease. The median follow-up was 9.7 months (range, 1-86 months). The 1-, 2-, 3-, and 5-year overall survival rates from time of lung cancer diagnosis were 49.8%, 16.3%, 12.7%, and 7.6%, respectively. The median survival times for patients by thoracic stage (I, II, and III) were 25.6, 9.5, and 9.9 months, respectively (P = .006). CONCLUSIONS: By applying American Joint Committee on Cancer staging to only the primary site, the thoracic Stage I patients in our study with solitary brain metastases had a more favorable outcome than would be expected and was comparable to Stage I NSCLC without brain metastases. Aggressive treatment to the lung may be justified for newly diagnosed thoracic Stage I NSCLC patients with a solitary brain metastasis, but not for locally advanced NSCLC patients with a solitary brain metastasis.