广西HIV-1重组毒株env区快速基因分型方法的建立

目的建立一种快速简便的基因分型方法，对广西HIV-1重组毒株env基因区进行亚型鉴定。方法从HIV阳性样品中提取核酸，使用HIV-1M组通用引物对env区进行第一轮扩增，第二轮则使用分别检测B′/C或C亚型和CRF01-AE亚型的二套特异性引物放入同一反应管中进行扩增，根据不同亚型扩增的目的带位置不同来判断亚型。将通用引物扩增出的所有样本均进行基因测序和系统树分析以验证结果。结果50份样本中，经基因测序和系统树分析证实CRF08-BC样本3份（6％），CRF01-AE样本43份（86％），4份（8％）样本无法确定亚型。经亚型特异性引物PCR法检测得出B′/C或C亚型样本3份（100％），CRF01-AE样本39份（90．7％），灵敏度为91．3％，特异度为100％。两种方法检测结果经差异性检验显示X^2=2．25，P〉0.05，差异无统计学意义，结果一致者占92％。与基因分析结果吻合。重复实验显示CRF08-BC平均重复性为100％（10／10），CRF01．AE为93．8％（61／65）。结论该方法是一种简便、快速、低成本，具有高度灵敏性和特异性的HIV-1毒株env基因区分型法，能够直接对广西HIV-1 CRF01-AE重组毒株进行鉴定。     

湖北省HIV-1流行株gag基因序列测定及亚型分析

目的 了解湖北省HIV-1感染者流行毒株亚型分布和流行趋势.方法 随机采集湖北省HIV-1感染者的抗凝全血标本,分离血浆,提取病毒RNA,用套式聚合酶链反应扩增HIV-1病毒gag基因,并进行序列测定和亚型分析.结果 对80份HIV-1感染者的样品进行扩增,得到了62份样品的HIV-1基因片段.共发现7种HIV-1亚型和流行重组株.泰国B'亚型占11.3％ (7/62),欧美B亚型占4.8％ (3/62),G亚型占4.8％ (3/62),CRF07-BC占22.6％ (14/62),CRF08-BC占6.5％(4/62),CRF01-AE占48.4％(30/62),CRF15-01B占1.6％ (1/62).在湖北省发现了CRF15-01B和G亚型.结论 湖北省存在多种HIV-1亚型和流行重组型,CRF01-AE、CRF07-BC两种重组亚型毒株为目前湖北省HIV-1流行优势毒株,应加强对HIV-1毒株亚型变异的监测,及时调整防治策略.     

广州市吸毒强戒人员HIV-1基因亚型分布的初步研究

目的分析吸毒人群HIV感染者中HIV-1的基因序列特征,初步确定其感染的基因亚型和各亚型的流行趋势。方法在Genbank中查找HIVgag基因的序列,设计巢式PCR引物。从全血中提取样本的基因组DNA,进行巢式PCR,对PCR产物进行琼脂糖凝胶电泳和测序,所获序列与国际参考株序列进行比对,确定基因型或亚型。结果对36例HIV-1感染者样本进行扩增,PCR共检测出29例阳性样本,27例测序成功,其中16例为CRF08-BC重组亚型、7例为CRF07-BC重组亚型、4例为CRF01-AE重组亚型,15例阴性对照均无目的条带。结论在广州吸毒强戒人员HIV-1型中以CRFBC亚型为主,其次为CRF01-AE亚型。应加强对HIV-1毒株亚型的监测,以制定更好的防治策略。     

应用多重巢式PCR法快速鉴定广西HIV-1主要亚型

目的 建立快速鉴定广西HIV-1主要流行亚型CRF01_AE、CRF07_BC、CRF08_BC、B和C的多重巢式PCR方法.方法 针对HIV-1 gag基因设计CRF01_AE、CRF07_BC、CRF08_BC、B和C亚型特异性引物,建立多重巢式PCR法,用该法鉴定来自广西的HIV-1毒株的亚型,并与基因测序法的鉴定结果比较.结果 多重巢式PCR法能正确鉴别5种已知亚型的样本,10份HIV阴性样本均无扩增,在72份未知亚型样本中,正确鉴定出66份,分别属于CRF01_AE、CRF07_BC、CRF08_BC、B亚型,多重巢式PCR法的灵敏度为91.7%,特异度达100%.结论 多重巢式PCR法能准确鉴定广西CRF01_AE、CRF07_BC、CRF08_BC和B亚型毒株,是一种简便、快速、低成本的亚型鉴定方法.     

2006年北京市外来人口中HIV-1感染者流行毒株gag基因序列测定和亚型分析

目的了解北京市外来人口中HIV-1亚型的特点和流行规律。方法随机采集北京市2006年外来人口中新确证HIV-1感染者的抗凝全血标本80份，分离血浆，提取病毒RNA，用套式聚合酶链反应扩增病毒gag基因，并进行序列测定和亚型分析。结果系统进化分析确定北京市外来人口HIV-1毒株属于8个亚型，分别为B亚型4份，泰国B亚型15份，C亚型1份，CRF01-AE亚型5份，CRF02-AG亚型1份，CRF07-BC亚型29份，CRF08-BC亚型3份，CRFl5—01B亚型1份。结论北京市外来人口中己存在8种HIV-1亚型和流行重组型，应该加强对HIV-1亚型变异的监测。     

中国HIV-1主要流行重组株B/C Tat基因第一外显子序列特征分析

目的 研究我国人类免疫缺陷病毒1型(HIV-1)流行重组株B/C Tat基因第一外显子变异特点,探讨这些变化对其功能的影响.方法 从确诊的HIV-1感染者全血样本中提取基因组DNA,经套式聚合酶链反应(PCR)扩增和测序.使用GCG和Bioedit软件中的程序进行系统进化树和氨基酸变异分析,同时进行网上三级结构预测.结果 总计154份样品中CRF07-BC为120份,CRF08-BC为34份,两种亚型有较广泛的分布,CRF07-BC与标准株的平均基因离散率为(5.748±1.352),CRF08-BC与标准株的平均基因离散率为(1.259±1.931).结论 我国流行重组株CRF07-BC比CRF08-BC有较长的流行时间,CRF07-BC与CRF08-BC基因第一外显子氨基酸相比,主要为半胱氨酸富含区和核心区的变化.在这两个区位点变化可能影响Tat与细胞因子如cyclin T1的结合能力,而成为CRF07-BC在我国流行中获得传播优势的原因.     

淮安市经异性性传播的HIV感染者中HIV-1病毒基因亚型特征分析

目的 了解淮安市经异性性传播HIV感染者中HIV-1病毒基因亚型分布及其流行特征.方法 从60名异性性传播HIV-1感染者血液中提取DNA或RNA,用巢式PCR或RT-PCR方法扩增gag、env基因区片段,测定序列并分析.结果 60份标本中,确定了48份标本的基因亚型,发现有4种HIV-1亚型和重组型.其中CRF01_AE亚型占62.5％,CRF07_BC亚型占22.9％,CRF08_BC亚型占6.3％,B亚型占6.3％.结论淮安市异性性传播感染HIV者中,流行着CRF01_AE、CRF07_BC、CRF08_BC、B亚型这4种亚型病毒株,CRF01_AE为主要流行亚型.     

河北省HIV-1流行株基因序列测定及亚型分析

目的 了解河北省HIV-1流行株的亚型分布和流行趋势.方法 从感染者的血浆样品中提取病毒RNA,逆转录后采用套式PCR扩增HIV-1 gag和env基因的部分片段,对PCR产物直接进行核苷酸序列测定,所获序列与各亚型国际参考株序列比对,确定基因型并进行系统进化树分析.结果 对154份HIV-1感染者的样品进行扩增,得到了148份样品的HIV-1基因片段.发现6种HIV-1亚型和重组型,以及2例未定型.其中B'亚型61例(41.2%)、CRF01_AE 59例(39.9%)、CRF07_BC 16例(10.8%)、CRF08_BC 6例(4.1%)、C亚和B01亚型各2例(1.4%).在河北省首次发现了B01亚型.结论 2009年河北省存在多种HIV-1亚型和流行重组型,主要是B'亚型和CRF01_AE重组型,应加强对HIV-1毒株亚型变异的监测,及时调整防治策略.     

广西HIV-1 CRF01-AE重组毒株env基因V3环序列变异及其与生物表型的关系

目的研究广西HIV-1 CRF01-AE重组毒株env基因V3环序列变异及其与生物表型间的关系。方法从广西主要流行区收集来的50份HIV-1感染者血液样本中提取前病毒DNA，使用巢式聚合酶链反应（nested-PCR）扩增HIV-1 env基因片段并进行亚型鉴定，选择38份CRF01-AE重组型HIV-1毒株env，基因V3环及邻近区域的序列进行系统树和氨基酸变异分析。结果38份CBF01-AE重组毒株中36份与分离于广西地区的CRF01-AE.97CNGX2f和泰国代表毒株THCM240接近，另外2份与中非共和国代表株90CF402聚成一簇；CRF01-AE重组毒株V3环顶端四肽存在着4种类型：CPCQ、GPGR、GPGH和GPGA；根据V3环关键氨基酸推测辅助受体使用情况，结果显示：71．05％的CRF01-AE重组毒株可能使用CCR5作为辅助受体，28．95％不能对其辅助受体的使用情况做出预测。结论广西HIV-1 CRF01-AE重组毒株V3顶端四肽变异较大，而且大部分毒株可能为NSI型。这可为广西该毒株的防治和诊断试剂的更新提供参考。     

广东省珠江三角洲地区吸毒者中流行的HIV-1 ENV基因序列分析

目的 了解广东省珠江三角洲地区吸毒者HIV-1亚型的流行规律及其与国际参考株的同源性.方法 应用套式聚合酶链反应(PCR)对43例采自广东省珠江三角洲HIV-1抗体阳性的吸毒者淋巴细胞富集液,并对其核酸样品进行扩增,使用ABI377型测序仪对扩增产物测序后,对其ENV基因C2-V3段的核酸序列进行比较分析.结果 43份血样中,29份为07-BC重组亚型,与国际参考株CN.97.C54A最近,基因离散率为(2.291±1.055)%,组内离散率为(3.534±1.306)%;9份为AE重组亚型,与国际参考株01AE.TH.90.CM240最近,基因离散率为(8.068±0.534)%,组内离散率为(2.823±1.235)%;3份为08-BC重组亚型,与国际参考株97CNGX-9F最近,基因离散率为(1.403±0.681)%,组内离散率为(1.507±0.681)%;2份为泰国B(B')亚型,与国际参考株RL42最近,基因离散率为(7.335±3.330)%,组内距离为8.52%.结论 广东省珠江三角洲地区吸毒者感染的HIV-1以曾经主要在西北地区吸毒人群中流行的07-BC重组亚型为主,也存在主要以性传播途径感染的人群中流行的AE重组亚型,提示珠江三角洲地区吸毒者中流行的HIV-1亚型趋于多样化.     

Rapid identification of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 CRF01_AE and BC recombinants by subtype-specific PCR

A subtype-specific PCR approach is described for the identification of HIV-1 intersubtype CRF01_AE and BC recombinants, the two predominant subtypes in Southern China. Primers were designed based on the env and gag regions of the HIV-1 genome. Nested PCRs with primers targeting the env region were performed to amplify subtype C, CRF01_AE, or BC recombinants. To differentiate BC recombinants from subtype C virus, a BC recombinant specific gag PCR was then performed. In order to identify the CRF07_BC and CRF08_BC recombinant forms, an additional PCR step was included. Four HIV-1 samples of known subtype, 77 samples with unknown-subtype, and 30 HIV-negative control samples were tested by the new assay. The results of this PCR-based subtyping approach were compared with that of a sequence-based phylogenetic analysis. In total, 73 (94.8%) samples were amplified by the subtype-specific PCR reactions, of which 39 were identified as CRF01_AE, 14 as CRF07_BC, and 20 as CRF08_BC. The sensitivity of this assay was 90.7% for the CRF01_AE recombinant and 100% for BC recombinants. The specificity was 100% when used to identify 30 HIV-negative samples. The reproducibility was 93.8% for CRF01_AE, and 100% for BC recombinants. This subtype-specific PCR technique represents a simple, rapid, and low-cost assay for the identification of HIV-1 CRF01_AE and BC recombinants in Southern China.     

北京市性传播HIV-1感染者流行毒株gag基因序列测定和亚型分析

目的 了解北京市性传播HIV-1感染者流行毒株亚型特点和流行规律.方法 随机采集北京市2008年新确证性传播HIV感染者的抗凝全血标本100份,分离血浆,提取病毒RNA,用套式聚合酶链反应扩增病毒gag基因,并进行序列测定和亚型分析.结果 系统进化分析确定北京市性传播HIV-1感染者流行毒株存在8个亚型或流行重组型,分别为B亚型22份,B'亚型8份,C亚型1份,CRF01_AE 38份,CRF02_AG 2份,CRF07 BC 9份,CRF08_BC 3份,疑似C/CRF01_AE重组型1份.结论 CRF01_AE和B亚型分别占45.2%和26.2%,为性传播感染者主要的亚型,应该加强我市HIV-1亚型流行情况的监测.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the subtype distribution and sequence characteristics of HIV-1 strains prevalent among sexual infectors in Beijing. Methods We collected the blood samples from 100HIV sexual infectors in Beijing during 2008 and separated plasma specimens. RNA was extracted from the plasma and the gag gene was amplified by RT-PCR and nest-PCR. The PCR products were sequenced directly and phylogenetic analyses of gag gene was performed using the MEGA4 software. Results Among 100 HIV-1 plasma samples,84 gag gene fragments were amplified and analyzed. Eight HIV subtypes including B(22 strains), B'(8 strains),C( 1 strain) ,CRF01_AE (38 strains) ,CRF02_AG (2 strains) ,CRF07_BC(9 strains) ,CRF08_BC(3 strains) and C/CRF01_AE recombinant like strain( 1 strain) were identified circulating in Beijing. Conclusion CRF01 _AE and subtype B were predominant in Beijing account for 45.2% and 26.2% and the surveillance of HIV gene variation should be paid more attention.     

Early infant human immunodeficiency virus type 1 detection suitable for resource-limited settings with multiple circulating subtypes by use of nested three-monoplex DNA PCR and dried blood spots

The early detection of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection in infants is complicated by the persistence of maternal antibodies and by diverse HIV-1 subtypes. We developed a nested, three-monoplex HIV-1 DNA PCR (N3M-PCR) assay to detect diverse HIV-1 subtypes in infants born to infected mothers. We optimized the test for use with dried blood spot (DBS) samples for ease of storage and transport from rural China to central laboratories. Six pairs of primers were designed that targeted env, gag, and pol genes, and the test was run in three reactions with an analytical sensitivity of 10 copies DNA per reaction to cover nine HIV-1 subtypes, A, B, C, D, F, G, CRF01-AE, CRF08-BC, and CRF07-BC. The assay performance was evaluated on 347 DBS specimens from 151 exposed infants in four diverse provinces of China in which multiple subtypes were circulating. The results of this test were compared to those of HIV antibody enzyme immunoassay and Western blotting confirmation for the infants at ≥18 months of age or to convincing clinical and epidemiologic data for deceased infants. The sensitivity of the N3M-PCR assay was 30.0% (3/10) for infants at 48 h after birth, 91.7% (11/12) at 1 to 2 months of age, and 93.7% (15/16) at 3 to 6 months of age. The specificity was 100% (94/94) at all three time points. The PCR reproducibility in the three DNA regions was 100% for samples at 48 h after birth, 96.7% at 1 to 2 months, and 100% at 3 to 6 months of age. The HIV-1 DNA N3M-PCR assay on DBSs offers a simple and affordable approach for early infant HIV-1 diagnosis in regions with diverse HIV-1 circulating subtypes.     

Subtype CRF01_AE dominate the sexually transmitted human immunodeficiency virus type 1 epidemic in Guangxi,China

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV‐1) infection by sexual transmission in Guangxi, China had increased dramatically. However, limited information is available on the genetic characterization of the HIV‐1 epidemic. In this study, HIV‐1 seropositive drug‐naïve patients infected by heterosexual transmission were enrolled. The full length gag and pol genes were sequenced followed by phylogenetic analysis, recombinant analysis and drug resistant analysis. Multiple subtypes were identified, including CRF01_AE (80.1%), CRF07_BC (6.4%), CRF08_BC (10.2%), subtype B (1.7%), and URFs (1.7%). In the phylogenetic tree, two large CRF01_AE clusters were identified. One cluster is originating from Vietnam strains as being reported previously in intravenous drug users. One novel cluster was identified and showed close relationship to strains from Fujian province. Inter‐subtype recombination among CRF01_AE, subtype B and C was identified. Low level drug‐resistance in drug‐naïve heterosexually transmitted infections was found. The results suggested that multiple originating CRF01_AE strains dominated the HIV‐1 epidemic in heterosexual transmission in Guangxi province. J. Med. Virol. 85:388–395, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.