2型糖尿病合并高血压患者的胰岛素敏感性分析

目的 :观察 2型糖尿病合并高血压患者的胰岛素敏感性 ,探讨胰岛素抵抗与糖尿病高血压之间的关系。方法 :对 41例糖尿病合并高血压者与 30例未合并高血压者的年龄、病程、体重指数 (BMI)、空腹血糖 (FBG)、空腹胰岛素 (FINS)、胰岛素敏感性指数 (ISI)、血清总胆固醇 (TC)、甘油三酯 (TG)进行比较。结果 :糖尿病合并高血压组的FINS、TC和TG均高于未合并高血压组 (P <0 .0 5～P <0 .0 1) ;但ISI低于未合并高血压组 (P <0 .0 0 1) ;两组间患者年龄、病程、BMI、FBG差异均无显著性(P >0 .0 5 )。结论 :糖尿病合并高血压患者体内存在着明显的胰岛素抵抗。     

急性脑卒中与胰岛素抵抗

目的探讨胰岛素抵抗（IR）在急性脑梗死中的作用机制。方法比较36例急性脑梗死患者与36例健康对照者之间空腹血糖（FPG）、空腹血清胰岛素（FINS）、胰岛素敏感指数（ISI）、胰岛素抵抗指数（HOMA—IR）、体重指数（BMI）及总胆固醇（TC）、三酰甘油（TG）、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL-C）、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL-C）等因素有无差异。结果急性脑梗死组中FPG、FINS、HOMA—IR明显高于对照组,ISI明显低于对照组（P〈0．01或P〈O．05）。胰岛素敏感性与高密度脂蛋白浓度呈正相关,与低密度脂蛋白、总胆固醇浓度呈负相关。结论急性脑卒中患者存在胰岛素抵抗、高胰岛素血症,并与血脂代谢存在密切相关性。     

维持性血液透析患者瘦素与胰岛素抵抗的关系

目的 :探讨维持性血液透析患者瘦素与胰岛素抵抗的关系。方法 :选择终末期肾病维持血液透析 (MHD) 2 7例 (MHD组 )及健康对照组 (C组 ) 30例 ,应用放免分析法测定血清瘦素 ,同时检测空腹胰岛素 (FINS)、空腹血糖 (FBS)、体重指数 (BMI)及肾功能等指标 ,计算胰岛素敏感指数 (ISI)和稳态模型胰岛素抵抗指数 (Homa- IR)作为胰岛素抵抗指标 ,分析瘦素与各项参数的关系。结果 :MHD组 FINS、FBS、Hom a- IR明显高于对照组 (P均 <0 .0 1) ,ISI明显低于对照组 (P <0 .0 1)。校正 BMI差异后 ,MHD组的血清瘦素水平高于对照组 ,但差异无统计学意义 (P >0 .0 5 )。瘦素与 BMI、FINS、Homa- IR呈明显正相关 (P均 <0 .0 1) ,瘦素与 ISI呈明显负相关 (P <0 .0 1) ,但控制 BMI、FINS的影响后 ,瘦素与 Homa- IR及 ISI均无明显相关关系 (P>0 .0 5 )。结论 :瘦素与胰岛素抵抗的关系可能是通过对体脂和胰岛素的影响而间接发生联系     

2型糖尿病患者血清瘦素水平与胰岛素抵抗的关系

目的探讨2型糖尿病血清瘦素和胰岛素抵抗的相互关系。方法103例2型糖尿病患者,检测身高、体重、血压、腰臀比值（WHR）、空腹血糖（FBG）、糖化血红蛋白（HbA1c）、血清空腹胰岛素（FINS）、血清瘦素（Leptin）及肝肾功能和血脂变化,并计算胰岛素敏感指数（ISI）和胰岛素抵抗指数（HO-MA-IR）。用多元逐步回归分析和偏相关分析对瘦素与上述指标和胰岛素敏感指数的相关性进行分析。结果糖尿病患者血清leptin、FINS、HOMA-IR均较正常对照组显著升高（P〈0.01）,ISI显著下降（P〈0.01）;在糖尿病患者中,糖尿病组的高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL-C）明显低于对照组（P〈0.05）,而HbA1c和ISI则明显高于对照组（P〈0.01）,但总胆固醇（TC）和甘油三酯（TG）两组之间差别无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。糖尿病组瘦素水平显著高于对照组（P〈0.01）。多元逐步回归分析显示,影响瘦素最主要的因素依次为性别、BMI、甘油三脂、胰岛素和ISI。结论2型糖尿病患者血清瘦素水平显著升高,且与胰岛素抵抗有明显相关性。     

降压合剂对胰岛素抵抗高血压大鼠作用效应的实验研究

目的：观察降压合剂对胰岛素抵抗高血压大鼠（IRH）的作用效应。方法：雄性SD大鼠饲喂高糖高盐饲料造模,然后分组灌胃。观察各组体重（BW）、收缩压（SBP）、空腹血糖（FBG）、空腹血胰岛素（FINS）、胰岛素敏感性指数（ISI）、血脂及纤溶酶原活性（PLG）的变化。结果：造模阶段;造模各组SBP升高（P＜0．01）,FBC无明显变化,FINS升高（P＜0．01）,ISI下降（P＜0．01）;用药阶段：降压合剂可降低SBP,FBG,FINS及PLG;减少体重增长幅度,升高ISI及高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL－C）（P＜0．01或P＜0．05）。结论：高糖高盐饲喂大鼠可产生高血压及胰岛素抵抗（IR）。降压合剂能降压、降糖、降血胰岛素、增加胰岛素敏感性指数、升高高密度脂蛋白胆固醇、降低纤溶酶原活性及减低体重。     

妊娠糖尿病患者脂联素和瘦素与胰岛素抵抗的相关性研究

目的探讨妊娠糖尿病患者脂联素和瘦素与胰岛素抵抗之间的关系。方法采用病例对照法,分别测定30例单纯妊娠糖尿病组及30名健康妊娠组的空腹血糖(FBG)、糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)、空腹胰岛素(FINS)、总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG),计算胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR),同时测定血清瘦素和脂联素,观察各指标的差异,分析其相互关系。结果与健康妊娠组比较,妊娠糖尿病组患者的FBG、FINS、TG、TC、瘦素、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇明显升高,存在更明显的胰岛素抵抗。脂联素有显著的降低,高密度脂蛋白胆固醇差异无统计学意义(P<0.05)。多元回归分析显示妊娠糖尿病患者胰岛素抵抗与瘦素呈正相关,与脂联素呈负相关。结论低水平脂联素是妊娠糖尿病胰岛素抵抗的危险因素,且胰岛素抵抗与血清瘦素水平密切相关,因此积极给予外源性拮抗瘦素及提高脂联素水平的药物可能成为治疗妊娠糖尿病的一种方案。     

血液透析患者瘦素水平与胰岛素抵抗的关系研究

目的:观察血液透析患者血清瘦素和胰岛素抵抗的影响,并探讨瘦素与胰岛素抵抗的关系。方法:选择尿毒症维持性血液透析(MHD)患者40例(MHD组)及健康对照组40名。放射免疫法测定血清瘦素及空腹胰岛素(FINS)、同时检测空腹血糖(FBS)、体重指数(BMI)及肾功能等指标,计算胰岛素敏感指数(ISI)和稳态模型胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR)作为胰岛素抵抗指标,分析瘦素与各项参数的关系。结果:MHD组FBG、FINS、HOMA-IR均明显高于对照组(P<0.01),ISI明显低于对照组(P<0.01)。校正BMI与否,两组血清瘦素差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。两组血清瘦素与BMI、FINS、HOMA-IR均呈明显正相关关系(P<0.01),瘦素与ISI呈明显负相关关系(P<0.01),但控制BMI、FINS的影响后,瘦素与HOMA-IR及ISI均无明显相关关系(P>0.05)。结论:瘦素与胰岛素抵抗的关系可能是通过对体脂和胰岛素的影响而间接发生联系。     

高脂饮食对大鼠血清瘦素和胰岛素水平的影响

目的:研究单纯高脂饮食对大鼠胰岛素敏感性和血清瘦素的影响.方法:20只8周龄雄性SD大鼠随机分为对照组,高脂组.第15周末,测定大鼠血糖、胰岛素、胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)和瘦素,计算胰岛素敏感指数(ISI)和肥胖评定(Lee)指数.结果:高脂饮食使大鼠高胆固醇血症建立,高脂组血清瘦素水平、TC、TG、LDL-C明显升高,而HDL-C明显降低.高脂组ISI较对照组明显低,血清瘦素与胰岛素呈正相关,与ISI呈负相关.结论:单纯高脂饮食可致大鼠胰岛素抵抗,血清瘦素水平与胰岛素、胰岛素抵抗相关.     

2型糖尿病和高血压患者瘦素与胰岛素敏感性的关系

目的：研究2型糖尿病和原发性高血压血清瘦素水平以及与胰岛素敏感性的关系。方法：随机选取2型糖尿病合并高血压患者42例，原发性高血压患者35例，2型糖尿病33例，正常对照组30例，分别测定入选对象的体重指数（BMI）、腰臀比值（WHR）、血压、总胆同醇（CHOL）、三酰甘油（TG）、高密度脂蛋白（HDL）、低密度脂蛋白（LDL）、糖化血红蛋白（HbA1c）、空腹血糖（FPG）、空腹胰岛素（FINS）和瘦素（Leptin），并计算胰岛素敏感指数（ISI）。结果：糖尿病合并高血压组、单纯高血压组和单纯糖尿病组血清瘦素水平均明显高于对照组，瘦素与性别、BMI、WHR、TG、SBP和FINS呈正相关（P〈0．03～0．001），与ISI呈负相关（P〈0．0011；性别、WHR、BMI和ISI在逐步回归分析中最后进入方程（r^2=0．596，P=0．000）。结论：高血压和糖尿病时血清瘦素水平增高，高瘦素血症与高胰岛素血症的相关性提示瘦素在2型糖尿病和高血压的发病中可能起一定的作用。     

中老年肥胖人群血压、血脂与胰岛素水平相关性研究

目的 通过测定体重指数(BMI)、腰围(WC)、血压(BP)、空腹胰岛素(FINS)、血清总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、高密度脂蛋白(HDL)、低密度脂蛋白(LDL)，探讨中老年肥胖人群血压、血脂与胰岛素抵抗的关系。方法从门诊随机收集31例中老年单纯性肥胖病人，观察BMI、WC、BP、FINS、TC、TG、HDL、LDL，并计算HOMA-IR指数评估胰岛素抵抗程度。结果收缩压、舒张压均与FINS、HOMA-IR呈正相关，TC、TG与FINS、HOMA-IR呈相关，TG与WC呈相关，HDL与FINS、HO-MA-IR星负相关。结论在中老年肥胖人群中，血压、血脂水平与胰岛素抵抗程度呈正比。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.