Caco-2细胞系及其在药物吸收、代谢中的应用

由于小肠的生理结构适用于药物吸收 ,所以口服给药是最广泛、最方便的给药途径之一 ,因此研究药物在肠道的吸收与代谢就显得十分必要。目前用于药物吸收的实验方法主要有 :在体肠回流法 ,肠襻法 ,分离肠粘膜法、外翻囊法等 [1 ]。由于这些方法存在采用动脉组织及其它一些局限性 ,近年来人们尝试使用人肠细胞培养系统来研究药物在肠道的吸收和代谢 ,以快速筛选口服药物。Caco-2细胞模型被认为是目前最好的体外吸收模型 ,可用于快速评估新药的细胞渗透性、阐明药物转运的途径、评价提高膜通透性的方法、确定被动扩散的药物最合适的理化性质和…     

Caco-2细胞模型在口服药物吸收研究中的应用

目的对Caco 2细胞模型在口服药物肠吸收研究中的应用作一综述。方法在引用了自1974~2004年的32篇文献的基础上,通过介绍并比较体外Caco 2模型和体内药物吸收转运的不同途径,讨论Caco 2单层细胞模型在预测不同类药物体内吸收中的作用。结果Caco 2细胞模型可以预测不同转运途径的药物体内吸收,尤其适用于被动转运药物,这一细胞模型在药物吸收机制、处方组成透膜性和黏膜毒性、药物吸收过程中的相互作用、药物的化学结构和体内转运关系、药物吸收限速因素、药物代谢稳定性及pH对药物吸收的影响等研究中均有较广泛的应用。结论Caco2细胞模型用于预测各种途径的药物吸收,在细胞水平上提供了大量与吸收相关的信息,是口服药物高通量筛选的良好工具。     

利用Caco -2细胞模型研究五倍子水提物的降糖机制

目的 建立Caco -2细胞单层模型并探索其在筛选抗糖尿病药物方面的作用,研究五倍子水提物的降糖作用及机制.方法采用酶抑制剂模型研究五倍子水提物的α－糖苷酶抑制作用;用Caco -2细胞模型进一步研究五倍子水提物对肠上皮细胞麦芽糖酶和蔗糖酶活力的影响以及对葡萄糖转运吸收的影响.结果五倍子水提物能抑制酶抑制剂模型和小肠上...     

体外Caco-2细胞模型在药物吸收中的应用进展

目的:介绍Caco-2细胞模型的特征及其在药物吸收中的应用.方法:分析国内外近期相关文献,对Caco-2细胞模型在药物吸收动力学中的研究进行概述.结果:Caco-2细胞模型用于药物动力学研究,可预测药物在体内的吸收和代谢.结论:体外Caco-2细胞模型在药物吸收过程的研究中有重要意义.     

黄芩苷磷脂复合物在Caco-2细胞模型中的吸收机制

目的 考察黄芩苷、黄芩苷磷脂物理混合物、黄芩苷磷脂复合物在Caco-2细胞单层模型的吸收机制.方法 采用Caco-2细胞单层模型研究3种载药体系中黄芩苷由绒毛面(AP侧)到基底面(BL侧)的转运过程,采用HPLC法测定药物在BL侧的累积量,计算表观渗透系数(Papp).结果 3种体系中的黄芩苷皆以被动扩散为主要跨细胞转运方式,黄芩苷磷脂复合物中的黄芩苷Papp高于其他两组.结论 磷脂复合物可以促进黄芩苷的跨膜转运.     

Caco-2细胞模型在药物吸收研究中的应用

Caco-2细胞(thehumancoloncarcino-maline)模型是最近十几年来国外广泛采用的一种研究药物肠吸收的体外模型,它具有如下优点:与动物试验相比,培养细胞要比培养动物更省时更经济;可测定药物的细胞摄取及胯膜转运;Caco-2细胞内有药物代谢酶,可在有代谢状况下测定药物的胯膜转运;Caco-2细胞易于培养且生命力强;Caco-2细胞来源是人结肠癌细胞,同源性好;可用于区分肠腔内不同吸收途径的差别。1.Caco-2细胞模型建立Caco-2细胞适宜在37℃、含5%CO2的环境中培养,采用DMEM培养基,且在培养基中应含有10%胎牛血清、1%非必需氨基酸、1%谷氨酰胺和青…     

药物处置的体外模型--Caco2细胞系

口服药物的生物利用度被认为仅与胃肠道吸收和肝脏的首过代谢有关。然而随着对小肠生理功能认识的深化,已经了解小肠在药代动力学过程中不仅专司吸收,还在药物的代谢、转运和消除中发挥着重要作用。     

矢车菊黄素在Caco-2细胞模型中的吸收机制研究

目的 研究矢车菊黄素（centaureidin）在Caco-2细胞单层模型中的吸收机制。方法 以HPLC分析矢车菊黄素浓度,用Caco-2 细胞单层模型评价吸收时间、药物浓度、介质pH值、抑制剂等对矢车菊黄素吸收的影响,研究矢车菊黄素的吸收机制,计算表观渗透系数（apparent permeability coefficient, Papp）。结果 药物的吸收与药物浓度和吸收时间正相关;弱酸性介质条件下有利于药物的吸收;2,4-二硝基酚（DNP）对药物吸收无影响,但异博定（verapamil）可增加药物的吸收;从肠腔侧到基底侧的转运小于基底侧到肠腔侧的转运。结论 矢车菊黄素在Caco-2细胞模型中的吸收主要是被动转运,受P-糖蛋白的外排作用。     

芦丁在Caco-2细胞模型中吸收和外排机制的研究

利用Caco-2细胞模型研究芦丁在小肠上皮的摄取、跨膜转运及外排动力学机制,评价孵育时间、芦丁浓度、p-糖蛋白抑制剂环孢素A和多药耐药相关蛋白抑制剂维拉帕米对芦丁的细胞摄取与转运的影响.结果表明,药物摄取量与孵育时间、药物浓度呈正相关,环孢素A和维拉帕米对芦丁的细胞摄取量无显著影响(P＞0.05).不同浓度药物从基底侧(basolateral,BL)到肠腔侧(Apical,AP)的表观渗透系数Papp,BL-AP与AP到BL的Papp,AP-BL比值均在0.5～1.5.试验结果提示芦丁是以被动扩散为主要转运方式被小肠上皮细胞摄取和转运,且不受外排蛋白外排作用的影响.     

The Influence of Peptide Structure on Transport Across Caco-2 Cells

The relationship between structure and permeability of peptides across epithelial cells was studied. Using confluent monolayers of Caco-2 cells as a model of the intestinal epithelium, permeability coefficients were obtained from the steady-state flux of a series of neutral and zwitterionic peptides prepared from D-phenylalanine and glycine. Although these peptides ranged in lipophilicity (log octanol/water partition coefficient) from –2.2 to +2.8, no correlation was found between the observed flux and the apparent lipophilicity. However, a strong correlation was found for the flux of the neutral series and the total number of hydrogen bonds the peptide could potentially make with water. These results suggest that a major impediment to peptide passive absorption is the energy required to break water–peptide hydrogen bonds in order for the solute to enter the cell membrane. This energy appears not to be offset by the favorable introduction of lipophilic side chains in the amino acid residues.     

Transport Characteristics of Fexofenadine in the Caco-2 Cell Model

PURPOSE: To investigate the membrane transport mechanisms of fexofenadine in the Caco-2 model. METHODS: Transport studies were performed in Caco-2 cell monolayers 21-25 days after seeding. The apparent permeability (Papp) of fexofenadine was determined in the concentration range 10-1000 microM in the basolateral-to-apical (b-a) and 50-1000 microM in the apical-to-basolateral (a-b) direction. The concentration-dependent effects of various inhibitors of P-glycoprotein (P-gp) (GF120918, ketoconazole, verapamil, erythromycin), multidrug resistant associated protein (MRP) (indomethacin, probenecid), and organic anion transporting polypeptide (OATP) (rifamycin SV) on the bidirectional transport of 150 microM fexofenadine were also examined. RESULTS: Fexofenadine displayed polarized transport, with the Pappb-a being 28- to 85-fold higher than the Papp(a-b). The Papp(a-b) was independent of the concentration applied, whereas Pappb-a decreased with increasing concentration (Vmax = 5.21 nmol cm(-2)s(-1) and K(M) = 150 microM), suggesting saturation of an apical efflux transporter. All four P-gp inhibitors had a strong, concentration-dependent effect on the Papp of fexofenadine in both directions, with GF 120918 being the most specific among them. The IC50 of verapamil was 8.44 microM on the P-gp-mediated secretion of fexofenadine. The inhibitors of OATP or MRP appeared not to affect the Papp(a-b) of fexofenadine in the Caco-2 model. CONCLUSIONS: This study clearly indicates that P-gp was the main transport protein of fexofenadine in the Caco-2 model. Even though P-gp was completely inhibited, fexofenadine was predicted to have a low fraction dose absorbed in humans due to poor intestinal permeability, and low passive diffusion seems to be the major absorption mechanism.     

克拉霉素对Caco-2细胞转运他克莫司的影响及机制研究

目的 探讨克拉霉素对Caco-2细胞转运他克莫司的影响及机制。方法 用化学发光免疫分析法测定他克莫司药物浓度；建立Caco-2细胞单层模型，计算表观渗透系数，比较不同浓度他克莫司在Caco-2细胞单层中转运及不同浓度克拉霉素抑制他克莫司的转运。结果 他克莫司浓度为20，40和80 μg·mL^-1时吸收渗透系数P_appAP-BL分别为（2.47±0.09）×10^-6，（3.91±0.17）×10^-6和（4.49±0.16）×10^-6 cm·s^-1；分泌渗透系数P_appBL-AP分别为（6.05±0.21）×10^-6，（9.86±0.70）×10^-6和（11.75±0.28）×10^-6 cm·s^-1；外流比（apparent permeability ratio，PDR）分别为2.45±0.03，2.52±0.12和2.62±0.11；加入不同浓度的克拉霉素（15，30，60 μg·mL^-1）后，分泌渗透系数显著降低，而吸收系数影响不大，PDR随着克拉霉素浓度增加显著降低。结论 Caco-2细胞外排转运体可能参与了他克莫司的转运，克拉霉素合用他克莫司可显著影响他克莫司的吸收。     

仙茅苷在Caco-2细胞模型中跨膜转运特征研究

目的：采用Caco-2细胞Transwell模型研究仙茅苷的跨膜转运机制。方法：建立Caco-2细胞Transwell吸收模型,用聚酯碳酸酯膜培养Caco-2细胞21天,形成致密的单层细胞模型。研究浓度、时间、温度、细胞旁路转运及跨膜转运蛋白（P-糖蛋白,多药耐药蛋白,乳腺癌耐药蛋白）在仙茅苷跨膜转运中的作用。结果：仙茅苷在Caco-2细胞模型中的跨膜转运存在一定的浓度及时间依赖性,细胞旁路转运不参与其转运,仙茅苷的外排转运存在一定的能量依赖性,且由P-gp参与。结论：仙茅苷在Caco-2细胞模型上主要以主动转运方式作跨膜转运,且P-gp参与其跨膜转运。     

姜黄素在Caco-2细胞模型中的吸收机制研究

目的测定姜黄素透过Caco-2单细胞层的浓度,研究其吸收特征。方法用Caco-2细胞单层模型来考察时间、浓度、不同药物酮康唑、维拉帕米、胡椒碱对姜黄素吸收的影响。采用液相色谱-质谱联用(LC-MS)法,测定姜黄素浓度并计算其表观渗透系数(Papp)。结果不同浓度姜黄素在90 min之前Papp大小顺序为:180>240>300μg/ml;与对照组比较,胡椒碱,低浓度酮康唑,维拉帕米对姜黄素的吸收均呈不同程度的促进作用(P<0.05)。结论姜黄素的吸收具有明显的高浓度饱和现象,且不呈线性变化,初步判定其吸收为主动吸收机制;促进姜黄素吸收的原因可能与酮康唑抑制Ⅰ相代谢酶CYP450 3A4和1A2酶的活性;胡椒碱抑制姜黄素Ⅱ相代谢酶—葡萄糖醛酸苷酶;维拉帕米抑制药物外排性转运蛋白—P-糖蛋白的活性有关。     

姜黄素在Caco-2细胞模型中的吸收机制研究

目的 测定姜黄素透过Caco-2单细胞层的浓度,研究其吸收特征.方法 用Caco-2细胞单层模型来考察时间、浓度、不同药物酮康唑、维拉帕米、胡椒碱对姜黄素吸收的影响.采用液相色谱-质谱联用(LC-MS)法,测定姜黄素浓度并计算其表观渗透系数(Papp).结果 不同浓度姜黄素在90 min之前Papp大小顺序为:180 ＞240 ＞300 μg/ml;与对照组比较,胡椒碱,低浓度酮康唑,维拉帕米对姜黄素的吸收均呈不同程度的促进作用(P＜0.05).结论 姜黄素的吸收具有明显的高浓度饱和现象,且不呈线性变化,初步判定其吸收为主动吸收机制;促进姜黄素吸收的原因可能与酮康唑抑制Ⅰ相代谢酶CYP450 3A4和1A2酶的活性;胡椒碱抑制姜黄素Ⅱ相代谢酶-葡萄糖醛酸苷酶;维拉帕米抑制药物外排性转运蛋白-P-糖蛋白的活性有关.     

蛇床子素及其制剂在Caco-2细胞模型中转运机制的研究

I摘要】目的：研究蛇床子素及其制剂在Caco-2细胞模型中的摄取、转运机制。方法：建立Caco-2细胞单层模型,研究蛇床子素、蛇床予素β-环糊精包合物及其包合物分散片的摄取和跨膜转运,考察其时间、温度、浓度、吸收促进剂和抑制剂对药物摄取及跨膜吸收的影响,并比较原料药与制剂吸收过程的差异。结果：Caco-2细胞对蛇床子素及其制剂溶液的摄取与时间、温度、浓度均呈正相关,p-糖蛋白抑制剂（CyA）与能量抑制剂（NaN3）对摄取无显著性影响,其摄取量的大小依次为分散片〉包合物〉原料药;转运实验中,随浓度和温度的增加,蛇床子素及其制刑的溶液在Caco-2细胞中的转运量均增加,而只r与Rt比值无明显变化,P-糖蛋白抑制剂（CyA）、能量抑制剂（NaN,）、细胞内吞抑制剂．氧化苯砷（oxophenylarsine）7L胞旁路转运促进剂一去氧胆酸钠（sodiumdeoxycholate,SDCh）对蛇床子素的转运无影响,而去氧胆酸钠对包合物和分散片的转运有明显的影响,3种制刑AP—BL方向上的Papp为分散片〉包合物〉原料药。结论：蛇床子素主要以被动扩散的方式被吸收,包合物和分散片中的药物以被动转运为主,少部分以细胞旁路转运途径被细胞吸收;难溶性药物经包合物可促进其吸收,制剂辅料对药物的吸收有一定的促进作用。     

The Influence of Peptide Structure on Transport Across Caco-2 Cells. II. Peptide Bond Modification Which Results in Improved Permeability

In order to study the influence of hydrogen bonding in the amide backbone of a peptide on permeability across a cell membrane, a series of tetrapeptide analogues was prepared from D-phenylalanine. The amide nitrogens in the parent oligomer were sequentially methylated to give a series containing from one to four methyl groups. The transport of these peptides was examined across confluent monolayers of Caco-2 cells as a model of the intestinal mucosa. The results of these studies showed a substantial increase in transport with each methyl group added. Only slight differences in the octanol–water partition coefficient accompanied this alkylation, suggesting that the increase in permeability is not due to lipophilicity considerations. These observations are, however, consistent with a model in which hydrogen bonding in the backbone is a principal determinant of transport. Methylation is seen to reduce the overall hydrogen bond potential of the peptide and increases flux by this mechanism. These results suggest that alkylation of the amides in the peptide chain is an effective way to improve the passive absorption potential for this class of compounds.     

Evaluation of the Caco-2 Monolayer as a Model Epithelium for Iontophoretic Transport

Purpose. To assess the Caco-2 monolayer as a model for iontophoresis of drugs across a model epithelium. Methods. The apparent permeability co-efficient (Papp) of mannitol, thyrotrophin releasing hormone (TRH), dexamethasone and a range of sizes of fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) dextrans across Caco-2 monolayers was measured under passive and electrically stimulated conditions. Trans-epithelial electrical resistance (TEER) was determined throughout. Transmission electron micrographs (TEM) of the monolayers were taken. Confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) was used to visualize the iontophoretic transport route of FITC-Dextran (MW = 20 kDa) across a Caco-2 monolayer. Results. Application of 14.3 -Eq.cm^–2 across the monolayer evoked a transient drop in TEER. The drop in TEER was accompanied by statistically significant increases in fluxes of all the agents in the mucosal to serosal direction except for FD-70. TEM of test samples exhibited tight junction dilatation, in addition to intracellular vacuolisation. The iontophoresis of FD-20 was visualised with confocal laser scanning microscopy and was localised in paracellular spaces of the monolayer. Conclusions. The fluxes of mannitol, TRH, dexamethasone, FD-4, FD-10 and FD-20 across the Caco-2 monolayer were significantly enhanced when electric field was applied. The iontophoretic effect appeared to be directly upon tight junctions     

Transcellular Transport of Benzole Acid Across Caco-2 Cells by a pH-Dependent and Carrier-Mediated Transport Mechanism

The pH-dependent transcellular transport of [¹⁴ C]benzoic acid across a Caco-2 cell monolayer is shown to be mediated by a monocarboxylic acid-specific carrier-mediated transport system, localized on the apical membrane. Evidence for the carrier-mediated transport of benzoic acid includes (a) the significant temperature and concentration dependence, (b) the metabolic energy dependence, (c) the inhibition by unlabeled benzoic acid and other monocarboxylic acids, (d) countertransport effects on the uptake of [¹⁴C]benzoic acid, and (e) effects of a proteinase (papain) and amino acid-modifying reagents. Furthermore, since carbonylcyanide p-trifluoromethoxyphenylhydrazone and nigericin significantly inhibited the transport of [¹⁴C] benzoic acid, the direct driving force for benzoic acid transport is suggested to be the inwardly directed proton gradient. From these results, together with previous observations using intestinal brush border membrane vesicles, the pH dependence of the transcellular transport of certain organic weak acids across Caco-2 cells is considered to result mainly from a proton gradient-dependent, carrier-mediated transport mechanism, rather than passive diffusion according to the pH-partition theory.