Therapeutic effects of a combination of intermediate-dose cytosine arabinoside, adriamycin and vincristine in relapsed acute leukemia

Eleven cases of acute leukemia, 8 relapsed and 3 refractory to a conventional induction chemotherapy, were treated with a combination of intermediate-dose cytosine arabinoside (ara-C), adriamycin (ADM) and vincristine (VCR). They consisted of 9 ANLL and 2 ALL. The therapeutic regimen consisted of 1-hour infusion of ara-C of a dose of 500 mg/m2 every 12 hours for 6 days from days 3 to 8, ADM, 40 mg/m2, on day 1 and VCR, 1.4 mg/m2, on day 2. Among 11 cases in which an evaluation was possible, 7 obtained complete remission (CR). The CR rate was 77.8% in the 9 cases of ANLL. The toxicity of this regimen included the following: conjunctivitis in 4 of 11 cases (36%), nausea and vomiting in 9 of 11 cases (91%) and hair loss in all cases, although no toxicities of the central nervous system of liver were observed. The mean level of serum concentration of ara-C was above 10 microM at 15, 30 and 60 minutes after the initiation of infusion. The therapeutic effect of this regimen consisting of intermediate-dose ara-C is expected to be useful not only in induction of refractory and relapsed acute leukemia, but also in the postremission therapy of CR cases.     

Ninety-six-hour paclitaxel infusion with mitoxantrone and ifosfamide/mesna and consolidation with ESHAP for refractory and relapsed non-Hodgkin's lymphoma

A prospective phase II study was carried out in 48 patients with relapsed or refractory non-Hodgkin's lymphoma using paclitaxel 27.5 mg/M2 i.v. by continuous infusion over 24 hours daily on days 1, 2, 3, and 4 in combination with mitoxantrone 8 mg/M2 i.v. on day 1 and ifosfamide/mesna 1.33 grams/M2 i.v. daily on days 1, 2, and 3 (MINT). Responding patients completed four cycles of MINT and were consolidated with etoposide, solumedrol [methylprednisolone], high-dose cytarabine [Ara-C], and platinum (ESHAP). Forty-eight patients were entered in the study between 1994 and 1996 at The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center. Overall response after the first four cycles of MINT was 67% (16% complete response [CR]+ 51% partial response [PR]) and after consolidation with ESHAP it was 49% (26% CR + 23% PR). Variables associated with an improved CR rate and better failure-free survival included the number of prior treatments and the response to prior treatment. A comparison with a similar group of patients treated with mesna, ifosfamide, mitoxantrone, and etoposide (MINE)-ESHAP revealed no major differences in outcome.     

High-dose cytosine arabinoside and etoposide in the treatment of relapsed or refractory adult leukemia

Thirteen patients with leukemia were treated with a combination of cytosine arabinoside (ara-C) (3 g/m2 by 1-h infusion every 12 h for 12 doses) and etoposide (100 mg/m2 daily over 1 h for 3 doses). Toxicity of the regimen consisted of severe hematologic suppression, moderate abdominal colic with vomiting and diarrhea, and occasionally severe central nervous system (CNS) toxicity. Two patients received the regimen as consolidation for acute myelogenous leukemia in remission. Of the remaining 11 patients with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML)-blast crises or relapsed/refractory acute myeloid leukemia (AML), nine patients (82%) obtained CR (or chronic phase) and two patients obtained partial remission (PR). High-dose ara-C and etoposide is an effective but toxic regiment for the treatment of relapsed or refractory myeloid leukemias.     

BACOD方案治疗复发及难治性非霍奇金淋巴瘤的临床研究

 目的　观察BACOD方案治疗复发及难治性非霍奇金淋巴瘤（NHL）的疗效及患者不良反应。方法　65例复发及难治性NHL患者,采用BACOD方案进行化疗,具体为：博莱霉素10 mg／m2,静脉滴注,第2、9天;环磷酰胺750 mg／m2,静脉滴注,第1天;长春地辛3 mg／m2,静脉注射,第1、8天;阿糖胞苷150 mg／m2,静脉滴注,第2天至第5天;地塞米松10 mg／m2,静脉滴注,第1天至第7天,3周为1个疗程。结果　完全缓解18例,部分缓解30例,稳定13例,进展4例,有效率70.8 %。有效患者中位缓解时间 10个月（2～35个月）。1年生存率32.3 %,2年生存率24.6 %。患者主要不良反应为骨髓抑制。结论　BACOD方案可作为复发及难治性NHL的解救方案。     

Intermediate-dose Ara-C/m-AMSA for remission induction and high-dose Ara-C/m-AMSA for intensive consolidation in relapsed and refractory adult acute myelogenous leukemia (AML)

Twenty nine consecutive patients (pts) with either relapsed (n = 23) or primary refractory AML (n = 6) were treated with 1 or 2 cycles of intermediate-dose (ID) ara-C (1g/m2 IV q 12 h days 1-6) and m-AMSA (120 mg/m2 IV days 5-7). Pts reaching complete remission (CR) were consolidated with 1 cycle of ara-C 3 g/m2 IV q 12 h days 1-4 and m-AMSA 120 mg/m2 IV day 5. The median duration of the preceding remission was 9.5 months, median time from last chemotherapy until relapse 3 months. 18/23 (78%) of relapsed pts achieved CR regardless of the type of prior intensive maintenance (HD-ara-C/m-AMSA/5-AZA or DNR/CD-ara-C). 3/23 (13%) pts died during hypoplasia, 2/23 (9%) pts were refractory to 2x ID-ara-C/m-AMSA. 3/23 pts died in CR during hypoplasia after intensive consolidation with HD-ara-C. Predictive factors for remission were the duration of preceding remission and the time from last chemotherapy to relapse. Three pts were transplanted in 2nd CR. 1/6 refractory pts reached CR, 2 pts remained refractory, and 3 died during hypoplasia. The median duration of disease-free survival (DFS) of relapsed pts was 3.3 months without further treatment, median survival of responding pts (18 replased pts, 1 refractory pt) was 4.6 months, the overall survival (n = 29) was 4.8 months. Pts receiving BMT were censured at the time of BMT. Seven pts experienced lung toxicity due to ara-C, four of whom died. The incidence of lung toxicity was clearly related to the extent of ara-C pretreatment during intensive maintenance. In conclusion, ID-ara-C/m-AMSA is a very effective reinduction treatment in these pts with acceptable toxicity; the impact of HD-ara-C during consolidation for DFS and survival is questionable.     

DICE方案治疗复发或耐药中高度恶性非霍奇金淋巴瘤

背景与目的:复发或耐药非霍奇金淋巴瘤(non鄄Hodgkin蒺slymphoma,NHL)目前尚无标准的解救化疗方案,DICE、ESHAP、MINE和EPOCH等常见的解救治疗方案缓解率仅为30%～70%。本文旨在观察DICE方案作为解救化疗方案治疗复发或耐药中高度恶性NHL的疗效和安全性。方法:选取35例复发或耐药的中高度恶性NHL患者,其中T细胞和B细胞NHL分别为14和21例,既往接受过以CHOP或CHOP样方案为主中位6周期(2～12个周期)的化疗,采用DICE方案进行解救治疗。结果:35例患者接受了中位4周期(2～7个周期)的DICE方案化疗,所有患者均可评价疗效和不良反应。总的客观有效率为74.3%,完全缓解率为31.4%;中位缓解时间为4个月(1～30个月),中位至治疗失败时间为7个月(2～34个月),中位生存期为14个月(3～51个月),实际2年生存率为33.3%。T细胞和B细胞NHL的有效率分别为85.7%(12/14)和66.7%(14/21),完全缓解率分别为50.0%(7/14)和19.0%(4/21)(P=0.073)。LDH升高和伴有巨大肿块是影响解救治疗疗效的高危因素(P<0.05),DICE解救疗效是复发耐药患者生存期的独立预后因素(P=0.001)。主要不良反应为骨髓抑制,Ⅲ～Ⅳ度粒细胞和血小板减少的发生率分别为71.4%和8.6%。结论:DICE方案是复发或耐药中高度恶性NHL安全有效的解救治疗方案。LDH升高和伴有巨大     

Intensive chemotherapy with hematopoietic cell transplantation after ESHAP therapy for relapsed or refractory non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Results of a single-centre study of 65 patients.

This study was designed to assess the results of protracted courses of ESHAP (etoposide, cytarabine, cisplatin, methylprednisolone) therapy followed by intensive chemotherapy and hematopoietic cell transplantation (IC+HCT) for relapsed or refractory non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL). Treatment consisted of 3 cycles of ESHAP; responsive patients (pts) then received 3 more cycles, and IC+HCT was used for pts in maintained partial (PR) or complete (CR) remission after the sixth ESHAP. Sixty-five pts entered the study. At enrollment, 27 pts had bone marrow (BM) and/or central nervous system (CNS) lymphomatous infiltration. Disease status was primary refractory lymphoma in 41 pts (63 %), and relapse in 24 pts (37 %). Results showed that two pts were not evaluable for the therapeutic response because of early treatment-related death. Thirty-nine (62 %) pts entered PR or CR after 3 cycles of ESHAP. Eleven pts subsequently had disease progression. Twenty-eight pts were in persistent CR or PR after 6 cycles of ESHAP. Refractory pts did not show a different response rate to relapsing pts (chi2= 1.73). Five pts were excluded from IC+HCT because of an inadequate graft or treatment-related toxicity. Twenty-three (35 %) pts completed the procedure. Five pts (22 %) relapsed after IC+HCT. The overall survival rate of the 39 responsive pts is 45 % at 60 months, with a median survival time of 30 months. Median survival among the 35 pts in whom second-line chemotherapy failed is 7.1 months, with a 4-year survival rate of 3 %. Despite the poor prognostic features of this group, 45% of pts responding to the first 3 cycles of chemotherapy are in prolonged remission, suggesting that rather than to transplant after just 2 cycles of salvage therapy, pursuing second-line chemotherapy may better discriminate between patients more likely to benefit from a subsequent transplant.     

FLUDAP: salvage chemotherapy for relapsed/refractory aggressive non-Hodgkin's lymphoma

The aim of this study was to investigate the combination of fludarabine phosphate, dexamethasone, cytosine arabinoside and cis-platinum (FLUDAP) in the treatment of patients with relapsed/refractory aggressive non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL). This regimen comprises: dexamethasone 100 mg/d continuous infusion (cont. inf.) d1-3; cytosine arabinoside (ara-C) 1 g/m2/d cont. inf. d 2,3; fludarabine phosphate 30 mg/m2 short inf. 4hr prior to each 24hr ara-C inf.; cis-platinum 50 mg/m2 4hr inf. at the start of each 24hr ara-C inf. G-CSF (lenograstim, Granocyte) is given at 263 microg s.c. daily from day 7 until the neutrophil count reaches 1.0x10(9)/l. The regimen repeats at 21 day intervals. A total of 33 patients were registered (median age 47 years; 24 males, 9 females); the majority (73%) were refractory to their previous treatment and most had advanced disease by Ann Arbor stage. Thirteen (39%) of the 33 enrolled patients (52% of the 25 fully evaluable patients who received at least 2 courses of FLUDAP) responded to treatment. A maximum response of complete remission was achieved in 5 patients, good partial remission in 3, and partial remission in 5. Twelve patients went on to successful stem cell supported intensification therapy. Median survival times were higher in the responding patients, and in those patients transplanted post-FLUDAP. The toxicity associated with the FLUDAP regimen was generally predictable; frequently reported severe events included haematological toxicity and infection. In conclusion, the FLUDAP regimen shows promise as a salvage regimen and increases the available therapeutic options in the treatment of recurrent/refractory aggressive NHL.     

EPOCH方案治疗复发和耐药中高度恶性非霍奇金淋巴瘤

背景和目的：复发或耐药非霍奇金淋巴瘤（non-Hodgkin‘s lymphoma,NHL)是肿瘤化疗的难点之一,目前尚无标准的解救方案。临床前研究和临床研究均证明部分抗癌药物持续静脉灌注可提高疗效或降低毒性,本试验的目的为观察用EPOCH方案胸脉灌注治疗NHL患者的疗效和不良反应。方法：2001年6月到2002年6月共收治26例复发或耐药中高度恶性NHL,其中20例（84．7％）患者至少接受2个化疗方案的治疗,中位方案数2（1－6）个,中位疗程数8（3－16）个,15例（65．7％）患者复发耐药;采用含蒽环类药物连续静脉滴注的方案EPOCH（VP－16,EPI／ADM,VCR,CTX,Prednisone)化疗1－6个疗程（中位2个疗程）。结果：本组26例患者均可评价疗效和不良反应,总的客观有效率50％,完全缓解率19．2％,其中T细胞来源NHL有效率为28．6％,B细胞来源NHL为57．9％,26例患者共实施46个疗程化疗,主要不良反应为骨髓抑制,其中Ⅲ-Ⅳ度粒细胞减少发生率为34．8％,Ⅲ-Ⅳ度血小板减少发生率为8．7％,其他不良反应少见。结论：EPOCH是复发或耐药中高度恶性NHL经济有效的解救方案,值得进一步研究推广。     

DHAP方案治疗复发和难治性中、高度恶性非霍奇金淋巴瘤的初步观察

背景和目的:复发和耐药非霍奇金淋巴瘤的治疗十分棘手,国外文献报道DHAP方案取得较好疗效,但国内尚未见报道。我们采用DHAP方案治疗复发和难治性非霍奇金淋巴瘤,进一步评价该方案的疗效及毒性。方法:17例复发和10例难治性非霍奇金淋巴瘤患者接受DHAP方案(顺铂20mg/m2,第1～5天;阿糖胞苷1g/m2,q12h,第1～2天;地塞米松40mg,第1～4天)化疗,3～4周重复一次。4例患者进一步进行了自体外周血干细胞移植支持下的超大剂量化疗。结果:CR8例(29.6%),PR4例(14.8%),有效率为44.4%(12/27)。有效患者中位缓解时间4.8个月。DHAP方案治疗后中位生存时间8.3个月,1年生存率为30.8%,2年生存率为19.3%。主要不良反应为骨髓抑制,主要表现为白细胞下降和血小板下降,Ⅲ～Ⅳ度白细胞下降占59.3%(16/27),其中3例(11.1%)患者因粒细胞缺乏出现感染性发热;Ⅲ～Ⅳ度血小板下降占81.5%(22/27),5例(18.5%)患者进行了预防性血小板输注。结论:DHAP是治疗复发和难治性中高度恶性非霍奇金淋巴瘤的有效方案,但仍存在有效率较低,缓解期较短的缺点,且骨髓毒性严重,尤其是血小板和白细胞下降。对于敏感复发的患者,DHAP方案取得完全缓解后,应争取行外周血干细胞移植支持下的大剂量化疗,以延长缓解期和提高长期生存率。     

Gemtuzumab ozogamicin,fludarabine, cytarabine and cyclosporine combination regimen in patients with CD33+ primary resistant or relapsed acute myeloid leukemia

Clinical resistance to gemtuzumab ozogamicin (Mylotarg) in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is associated with blast multidrug resistance (MDR) phenotype. A Phase II study of Mylotarg, fludarabine, ara-C and the MDR-modifier, cyclosporine (CSA) (MFAC) was conducted in 32 patients with primary resistant (11, 34%) or relapsed (21, 66%) AML. Nine (28%) patients obtained complete remission (CR), two (6%) CR with incomplete platelet recovery. Overall median survival was 5.3 months, 12-month survival rate 19%. Fourteen patients (44%) developed grade 3/4 hyperbilirubinemia; six (18%) grade 3/4 hepatic transaminitis; three (9%) hepatic veno-occlusive disease (VOD). CSA inclusion in gemtuzumab ozogamicin-based regimens is feasible. MFAC is an effective regimen for refractory AML.     

Continuous infusion intermediate-dose cytarabine, mitoxantrone, plus etoposide for refractory or early relapsed acute myelogenous leukemia

For refractory and early relapsed AML, this prospective phase II clinical trial evaluated a salvage chemotherapy regimen, which was consisted of continuous infusion intermediate-dose cytarabine (1g/m(2)/day, 24h i.v. infusion x 5), mitoxantrone (12 mg/m(2)/day x 3), and etoposide (150 mg/m(2)/day x 3). We treated 33 patients and 17 (51.5%) achieved CR with a median duration of 117 days. Median overall survival was 219 days. Our results suggest that continuous infusion intermediate-dose cytarabine, together with mitoxantrone and etoposide, may induce CR in a significant proportion of patients with refractory or early relapsed AML, although remission duration was short.     

Comparison of salvage chemotherapy regimen ACES with ESHAP for refractory or relapsed malignant lymphoma

Standard salvage chemotherapy for refractory or relapsed malignant lymphoma has not been defined.The efficacy and feasibility of the ACES regimen, consisting of carboplatin at 100 mg/m(2) on day 1 to 4, etoposide at 80 mg/m(2) on day 1 to 4, high-dose Ara-C at 2 g/m(2) on day 5 and methylprednisolone at 500 mg/day for 5 days, for refractory or relapsed lymphoma were retrospectively reviewed in comparison with the ESHAP regimen.The subjects were 29 patients, including 7 aggressive follicular lymphomas, 16 large B cell lymphomas and 6 Hodgkin lymphomas. Characteristics of patients with ESHAP (19 cases) and the ACES (10 cases) group were as follows: male/female ratio, 10/9 and 3/7; median age, 49 (range, 31-72) and 54 (22-65); and initial clinical stage (I and II / III / IV), 5/8/6 and 1/1/8, respectively. Among the 29 patients, complete response was achieved in 68% (13/19) in ESHAP and 40% (4/10) in ACES.Progression-free survival and overall survival were 31.3% and 34.3%, respectively.Hematological toxicity was not significantly different between the two groups, and renal toxicity was significantly higher in ESHAP (52%) than ACES (0%).We concluded that the ACES regimen had a possibility of effective consolidation therapy for the elderly aiming to undergo autologous stem cell transplantation.     

ESHAP方案治疗复发或难治性侵袭性非霍奇金淋巴瘤

 【摘要】　目的　观察ESHAP方案作为解救化疗方案治疗复发或难治性侵袭性非霍奇金淋巴瘤（NHL）的疗效和安全性。方法　选取38例复发或难治性侵袭性NHL患者，使用ESHAP方案（依托泊苷、甲泼尼龙、顺铂、阿糖胞苷）作为解救方案进行化疗。结果　38例患者各接受了2～6个周期ESHAP方案化疗，总的客观有效率为55.3 %，完全缓解率26.3 %；主要不良反应为骨髓抑制伴感染，均可耐受。结论　ESHAP方案是治疗复发或难治性侵袭性NHL安全有效的解救方案之一。     

Mylotarg combined with topotecan and cytarabine in patients with refractory acute myelogenous leukemia

PURPOSE: Mylotarg, a humanized anti-CD33 antibody linked to an antitumor antibiotic, is approved for the treatment of patients with relapsed acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Topotecan and cytarabine (ara-C) is an effective anti-AML regimen. A pilot study of Mylotarg combined with topotecan and ara-C (MTA) was conducted in patients with refractory AML. METHODS: MTA consisted of Mylotarg 9 mg/m(2) intravenously (i.v.) over 2 h on day 1, ara-C 1 g/m(2) over 2 h i.v. on days 1 through 5, and topotecan 1.25 mg/m(2) by continuous infusion i.v. on days 1 through 5. RESULTS: A group of 17 patients (9 primary resistant, 8 relapsed) with AML or advanced myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) received 20 courses of MTA. The median age of the patients was 55 years (20-70 years). Two patients (12%) achieved complete remission. The median overall survival was 8.2 weeks. Five patients (29%) developed grade 3/4 hepatic transaminitis, including one patient (6%) who died with hepatic venoocclusive disease. CONCLUSIONS: MTA was moderately effective and associated with significant toxicity in patients with refractory AML.     

Pilot study of Mylotarg,idarubicin and cytarabine combination regimen in patients with primary resistant or relapsed acute myeloid leukemia

PURPOSE: Mylotarg has moderate activity as a single agent in patients with CD33-positive refractory or relapsed acute myelogenous leukemia (AML). A combination of an anthracycline and cytarabine (ara-C) is the core of most AML induction regimens. We conducted a pilot study of Mylotarg combined with idarubicin and ara-C in patients with refractory or relapsed AML. METHODS: Mylotarg was administered at 6 mg/m(2) intravenously on days 1 and 15, idarubicin 12 mg/m(2) daily on days 2 through 4, and ara-C at 1.5 g/m(2) daily on days 2 through 5 (MIA) RESULTS: Of 14 patients were treated, 4 (29%) had primary resistant AML, and 10 (71%) relapsed AML. The median age of the patients was 61 years (range 34-74 years). MIA induced complete remission (CR) in three patients (21%) and CR with incomplete platelet recovery (CRp) in three patients (21%). The median survival was 8 weeks (range 2-64 weeks), and the median failure-free survival of CR patients was 27 weeks (range 11-64 weeks). All patients developed grade 3/4 myelosuppression - severe sepsis occurred in ten patients (71%). Other grade 3/4 nonhematologic toxicities included hepatic transaminitis, oral mucositis, and diarrhea. Two patients (14%) developed hepatic venoocclusive disease (VOD). CONCLUSIONS: The addition of Mylotarg to idarubicin and ara-C is feasible. MIA has significant activity in patients with refractory AML. Hepatotoxicity and VOD are significant toxicities of Mylotarg-based combinations.     

BH-AC.nitrosourea-therapy for refractory or relapsed malignant lymphoma]

Thirty patients with refractory or relapsed non-Hodgkin's lymphoma were treated with behenoyl ara-C (BH-AC) and nitrosoureas. Sixteen patients (53%) had a diffuse, large cell lymphoma and 22 patients (73%) had a stage IV disease. BH-AC, 250 mg/body, in combination with ACNU or MCNU, 50 mg/body, was administered by drip infusion for two days (Day 1, 2) every 3 to 4 weeks. Six patients (20%), all of them relapsed cases of diffuse lymphoma, obtained complete remission lasting one to six (mean: 2.5) months and 15 patients (50%) obtained partial remission lasting one to five (mean: 2.7) months. The major side effect was thrombocytopenia, and nine patients (30%) had required platelet-transfusions. There was no case complicated by infection due to prolonged neutropenia. Therefore, we conclude that BH-AC.Nitrosourea-therapy is very useful for the salvage chemotherapy of malignant lymphoma.     

DACE方案治疗难治复发性非霍奇金淋巴瘤的临床疗效

背景与目的:难治复发性非霍奇金淋巴瘤二线解救方案甚多,目前国内外尚无标准的解救方案。本研究旨在观察DACE方案治疗难治复发性非霍奇金淋巴瘤的治疗疗效及毒副作用。方法:我院从2001年5月至2006年5月对61例难治复发性非霍奇金淋巴瘤患者,采用DACE方案进行化疗,具体为:顺铂20mg/m2,静脉滴注,第1～5天;足叶乙甙100mg,静脉滴注,第1～5天;阿糖胞苷150mg,静脉滴注,第1～3天;地塞米松15mg/m2,静脉滴注,第1～5天,3周为一疗程。按照WHO疗效评价标准及WHO对抗癌药物急性与亚急性反应的分度标准进行临床疗效及毒副作用评估。结果:两周期后有效率63.9%,4周期后有效率72.1%。有效患者中位缓解时间4.7个月(1～58个月),1年生存率29.5%,2年生存率21.3%。主要毒副作用为Ⅲ～Ⅳ度骨髓抑制49.1%,患者能够耐受。结论:DACE方案可作为难治复发性非霍奇金淋巴瘤的解救方案之一。     

Sequential hydroxyurea-cytarabine chemotherapy for refractory non-Hodgkin's lymphoma

In experimental systems, hydroxyurea (HU) and cytarabine (ara-C) produce synergistic cytotoxicity to murine and human leukemia cells due to both cytokinetic and biochemical interactions that tend to enhance the effectiveness of ara-C. Therefore, we began a phase II trial of the combination of HU and ara-C to determine the efficacy and toxicity of this combination in treatment of patients with refractory non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Chemotherapy began with HU 500 mg administered orally every six hours for four doses. Twelve hours following the fourth HU dose, ara-C 100 mg/m2/d was administered by continuous intravenous (IV) infusion for three days. Concomitantly with the three-day ara-C infusion, patients again received HU 500 mg orally every four hours. Cycles of therapy were repeated every 28 days. Twenty-five patients ranging in age from 26 to 70 years were enrolled in the study. Of 21 patients evaluable for response, nine (43%) obtained complete (CR) or partial remissions (PR). Most responding patients had either large-cell or cutaneous T cell lymphoma, and all but two had a performance status of 0 to 1 at entry in the study. The median survival for all responding patients was 13 months compared with 2.5 months for nonresponders. Patients obtaining a CR had a median survival of 27.5 months, and two of the four CRs remain alive and in remission at 10+ and 30+ months from achievement of CR status. The primary toxic effect of this regimen was bone marrow suppression. The median WBC nadir was 2,200 cells/microL, and the median platelet nadir was 80,000/microL. Other toxicities included mild nausea and vomiting and diffuse maculopapular rash. This biochemically rational approach to enhancing ara-C activity may have significant clinical utility and should be further explored in treatment of patients with large-cell and cutaneous T cell lymphomas.     

VIM方案治疗复发与难治性非霍奇金淋巴瘤

目的　观察VIM方案 (足叶乙甙、异环磷酰胺、米托蒽醌 )治疗复发与难治性非霍奇金淋巴瘤(non -Hodgkinlymphoma ,NHL)的疗效与毒性。方法　 40例中高度恶性NHL ,8例难治性 ,32例 2次以上复发。治疗方案 :足叶乙甙 (VP - 16 ) 6 5mg/m2 、异环磷酰胺 (IFO) 1.0g/m2 静滴 ,d1-3 ;米托蒽醌 (MIT) 8mg/m2 静注 ,d1。结果　总缓解率 5 5 % (7例CR ,15例PR)。缓解期 2～ 2 9月 ,中位缓解期 2 5月。毒性反应主要是骨髓抑制 ,大多数为Ⅰ、Ⅱ度。结论　VIM方案治疗复发与难治性NHL较安全有效。