治疗干预评分系统-28在ICU护理工作量评估中的应用研究

[目的]探讨治疗干预评分系统-28（TISS-28）在重症监护病房（ICU）护理工作量评估中的应用。[方法]应用TISS-28评分软件,选择ICU病人24h内病情最重时进行评分,并记录ICU每天护士岗位职数。[结果]每位病人每天TISS-28评分为29.11分±8.29分,ICU每天总的TISS-28评分为236.38分±73.75分,每天满足病人直接护理需要的护士岗位职数为17.87人±5.93人,而实际每天护士岗位职数为13.45人±2.70人;ICU护士每天人均TISS-28评分为52.84分±14.00分;1周中每天的总工作量比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）,1周中每天护士人均护理工作量比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。[结论]TISS-28可准确、简便地测量ICU护理工作量,ICU护士处于超负荷工作状态,ICU护士人力资源现状与所需存在一定的差距。     

治疗干预评分系统-28在ICU护理工作量评估中的应用研究

[目的]探讨治疗干预评分系统-28(TISS-28)在重症监护病房(ICU)护理工作量评估中的应用。[方法]应用TISS-28评分软件,选择ICU病人24h内病情最重时进行评分,并记录ICU每天护士岗位职数。[结果]每位病人每天TISS-28评分为29.11分±8.29分,ICU每天总的TISS-28评分为236.38分±73.75分,每天满足病人直接护理需要的护士岗位职数为17.87人±5.93人,而实际每天护士岗位职数为13.45人±2.70人;ICU护士每天人均TISS-28评分为52.84分±14.00分;1周中每天的总工作量比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),1周中每天护士人均护理工作量比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。[结论]TISS-28可准确、简便地测量ICU护理工作量,ICU护士处于超负荷工作状态,ICU护士人力资源现状与所需存在一定的差距。     

TISS评分与护理分层管理在ICU护理管理中的协同效应

[目的]探究TISS-28评分与病人护理分级、护士层级管理在重症监护病房(ICU)中的协同应用。[方法]选取2014年1月─12月ICU收治住院天数1d的病人作为对照组,2016年1月─12月ICU住院天数1d的病人作为试验组,通过应用TISS-28评分对病人进行ABCD护理分级,对护士实施层级管理并进行TISS排班模式。[结果]在开放床位相同的情况下,试验组的护士人数增加,收治的病人增多,床护比增加,而护患比减少;且试验组护理不良事件发生率、病人满意度、护士工作满意度及医生对护理的满意度均优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。[结论]TISS-28评分与病人护理分级及护士层级管理在ICU护理管理工作中的协同应用能够有效减少不良事件的发生,提高护理质量及满意度。     

运用TISS-28评分系统评价外科ICU护理工作量的研究

目的分析外科ICU不同时间段的护理工作量,探索合理安排护理人力、提高护理效率的方法。方法应用TISS-28评分系统对北京市某综合医院外科ICU患者的护理工作量进行测定。结果护士人均工作量较大,为（61．31±6．71）分;各班次护士人均工作量存在差别,其中夜班护士人均工作量较高;1周护理工作量周三得分最高。结论应用TISS-28评分系统进行护理工作量测定,为护理人力资源有效管理提供了依据。     

基于治疗干预评分系统和护理工时测量的ICU护理人力资源配置模型研究

[目的]通过建立护理人力资源配置数量与治疗干预评分系统-28(TISS-28)的数学模型,为合理、有效地配置重症监护室(ICU)护理人力资源提供依据。[方法]随机选取ICU 5周内收治的病人共133例次进行TISS-28评分和护理工时测量,通过简单线性相关分析及简单线性回归分析建立TISS-28评分和直接护理工时之间的关系模型,并进一步通过护理人力资源配置数量公式建立护理人力资源配置数量与TISS-28评分的数学模型。[结果]TISS-28评分越高,病人所需直接护理工时越多;直接护理工时与TISS-28评分的Pearson相关系数为0.811,具有线性正相关关系;建立的护理人力资源配置数量与TISS-28的模型为:所需护士人数=1∑n[42.5×(TISS-28i)-124.3]/286.12。[结论]建立的护理人力资源配置数量与TISS-28评分的数学模型可有效、简单、快速地预测ICU所需护理人员数量。     

3种评分系统评估ICU护士个人管床数的研究

[目的]探讨治疗干预评分系统-28(TISS-28)、改良版护理活动评分量表(NAS)、急性生理与慢性健康状况评分系统Ⅳ(APACHEⅣ)对于重症监护室(ICU)护士管床分配的适用性。[方法]采用3种评分系统于2016年12月15日—2017年6月15日对贵州省某大型三级甲等医院ICU 180d360个班次的护理工作量进行评分,评估病人330例,收集量表14 355份,根据各量表的评估分数计算每个护士管理病人数量。[结果]3种评分系统评估得分差异有统计学意义(P0.001);改良NAS与APACHEⅣ评分呈正相关(P0.001);改良NAS在ICU护士病人管理分配方面优于TISS-28与APACHEⅣ,即改良NAS预测分数段在40.9分～52.9分可参考护患比为1∶2.5,52.9～62.4分可参考1∶2.0,62.4～68.0分可参考1∶1.5,68.0～98.4分可参考1∶1。[结论]NAS在计算护患比时更便捷,量表内容可直接反映护理工作量,改良NAS在评估ICU护士病人管理分配方面更具有适用性。     

治疗干预评分系统在五官科护理人力资源配置中的应用

【】 目的 探讨治疗干预评分系统(therapeutic intervention scoring system-28,TISS-28)在五官科护理人力资源配置中的应用效果 方法 应用TISS-28对上海市某三甲医院2013年1—10月五官科住院病人进行测评,并记录五官科每天护士岗位职数及护理工作量。 结果 住院病人每天TISS-28评分为47.71分±4.08分,五官科每天总的TISS-28评分平均为242.38±71.86分;每天满足病人直接护理需要的护士岗位职数为18.17±4.93人,而实际每天护士岗位职数为15.45±1.27人;五官科护士每天人均TISS-28评分为51.19±14.1分。统计结果1周中每天的总工作量比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),1周中每天护士人均护理工作量比较差异有统计学意义(P相似文献   

基于治疗干预评分系统与护理工时测量的重症监护室护理人力资源配置模型构建

目的:探讨基于治疗干预评分系统-28(TISS-28)与护理工时测量的ICU护理人力资源配置模型的构建,为科学配置重症监护室(ICU)护理人力资源夯实基础。方法:利用随机法,抽取133例本院ICU 5周内接收的病人,利用TISS-28评分与护理工时测量,利用简单的线性回归分析、相关分析构建TISS-28评分与直接护理工时二者的关系模型,再利用相关公式构建TISS-28评分和护理人力资源配置数量的数学模型。结果:TISS-28分数与病人需要的护理工时成正比,即评分越高则病人需要的护理工时越长;直接护理工时和TISS-28评分的Pearson相关系数为0.812,呈线性正关联;所构建的人力资源配置数量和TISS-28模型:需要的护士人数=Σln[42.5×(TISS-28i)-124.3]/286.12。结论:构建的人力资源配置数和TISS-28评分数学模型能快捷预测出ICU需要的护理人数。     

基于工作量分布特点的改进管理模式在ICU护理中的应用

目的:分析基于工作量分布特点改进ICU管理模式的临床效果,为ICU管理提供参考依据。方法:将2017年1月1日～12月31日收治的100例患者作为对照组,采取常规护理管理模式;将2018年1月1日～12月31日收治的100例患者作为研究组,通过治疗干预(TISS-28)评分系统对护理工作量进行评估,参照TISS-28评分系统与护理人员配制关系模型对人力资源配置进行测算,根据测算结果安排护理人数。比较两组护士综合能力、护理不良事件发生情况、患者满意度及护士满意度。结果:研究组护士规避纠纷能力、感染防护能力、应急能力、健康教育能力、护理观察能力、专业技术水平及理论知识评分均显著高于对照组(P0.01),护士人均日工作时间显著短于对照组(P0.01);研究组护理不良事件发生率显著低于对照组(P0.05);研究组患者及护士对护理工作满意度均显著高于对照组(P0.05)。结论:基于工作量分布特点进行ICU管理模式改进,能有效提高护理工作满意度、护士综合能力,缩短护士工作时间,降低护理不良事件发生率,值得临床推广。     

基于治疗干预评分系统的ICU排班对护理人员工作积极性的影响

目的探讨基于治疗干预评分系统(TISS-28)的ICU排班对护理人员工作积极性的影响。方法选取我院2017年4月至2019年7月ICU护士16名为研究对象,采用基于TISS-28评分系统的ICU排班,比较实施前后护士护理质量、人均日工作时长、护理工作积极性。结果实施后护士技术操作、服务态度评分高于实施前(P 0. 05);实施后护士人均日工作时长短于实施前(P 0. 05),工作积极性评分高于实施前(P 0. 05)。结论基于TISS-28评分系统的排班模式,可更为科学地评估ICU患者生理指标及护理需求,排班更加合理,护理人员工作积极性得到提高,值得推广。     

Determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum using immunological inhibition of creatine kinase M subunit activity. Activity kinetics and diagnostic significance in myocardial infarction.

This is a new method for the determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum. The method uses direct activity measurement of creatine kinase B subunit activity after blocking of CK-M subunit activity by inhibiting antibodies. The test takes no longer than 15 min. The method yields an intra-serial C.V. of 2.0-12.9%, and a C.V. from day to day of 5.5%. The detection limit is 3.4 U/l creatine kinase MB. In the 95 cases with proven myocardial infarction several types of creatine kinase MB activity kinetics could be determined. The percentage of creatine kinase MB of peak CK-total is 6-25%, with a mean of 11.1%. The amount of creatine kinase MB with respect to total CK activity after reinfarction is higher than the amount after initial infarction.     

Dissociable correlates of two classes of retrieval processing in prefrontal cortex

Although substantial evidence suggests that the prefrontal cortex (PFC) implements processes that are critical for accurate episodic memory judgments, the specific roles of different PFC subregions remain unclear. Here, we used event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging to distinguish between prefrontal activity related to operations that (1) influence processing of retrieval cues based on current task demands, or (2) are involved in monitoring the outputs of retrieval. Fourteen participants studied auditory words spoken by a male or female speaker and completed memory tests in which the stimuli were unstudied foil words and studied words spoken by either the same speaker at study, or the alternate speaker. On "general" test trials, participants were to determine whether each word was studied, regardless of the voice of the speaker, whereas on "specific" test trials, participants were to additionally distinguish between studied words that were spoken in the same voice or a different voice at study. Thus, on specific test trials, participants were explicitly required to attend to voice information in order to evaluate each test item. Anterior (right BA 10), dorsolateral prefrontal (right BA 46), and inferior frontal (bilateral BA 47/12) regions were more active during specific than during general trials. Activation in anterior and dorsolateral PFC was enhanced during specific test trials even in response to unstudied items, suggesting that activation in these regions was related to the differential processing of retrieval cues in the two tasks. In contrast, differences between specific and general test trials in inferior frontal regions (bilateral BA 47/12) were seen only for studied items, suggesting a role for these regions in post-retrieval monitoring processes. Results from this study are consistent with the idea that different PFC subregions implement distinct, but complementary processes that collectively support accurate episodic memory judgments.     

俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征患者氧合的影响

目的 探讨俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张术(RM)治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)患者的治疗作用.方法 从海拔2260m的地区医院筛选RM治疗无效的41例ARDS患者[平均氧合指数( PaO2/FiO2)较RM前升高＜20％视为RM无效],依不同病因分为肺内源性ARDS组(ARDSp组)和肺外源性ARDS组(ARDSexp组),每组再按信封法随机分为俯卧位组和仰卧位组,即ARDSp俯卧位组(11例)、ARDSp仰卧位组(9例)、ARDSexp俯卧位组(10例)、ARDSexp仰卧位组(11例).在通气前及通气1、2、3、4h监测动脉血氧分压( PaO2)、PaO2/FiO2、静态顺应性(Cst)、气道阻力(Raw)的变化.结果 通气lh时,ARDSexp俯卧位组PaO2/FiO2( mm Hg,l mm Hg=0.133 kPa)即较通气前显著升高(157.4±40.6比129.3±48.7,P＜0.05),并随通气时间延长呈持续增高趋势,4h达峰值(219.1 ±41.1);且ARDSexp俯卧位组通气3h内PaO2/FiO2较其他3组显著增高,另3组间则差异无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组、ARDSexp俯卧位组通气4h时PaO2/FiO2均较相应仰卧位组显著增高(208.8±39.7比127.4±47.1,219.1±41.1比124.9±50.8,均P＜0.05).4组通气前后Cst无显著改变,各组间差异也无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组通气4h时Raw(cmH2O·L-1·s-1)较通气前显著降低(6.8±1.7比10.7±1.8,P＜0.05),且明显低于其他3组;其他3组各时间点Raw组内及组间比较差异均无统计学意义.结论 俯卧位通气作为ARDS机械通气重要策略之一,可以改善RM无效高原ARDS患者的氧合,为抢救患者赢得宝贵的时间.     

Digital imaging among medical facilities

The Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) in the USA operates a network of 172 medical centres which all utilize a hospital information system (HIS) which has been developed and is currently maintained by the VA. During the past several years, an image management and communication module has been developed, installed and clinically utilized at the Washington DC and Maryland VA Medical Centres. This image management and communication system, referred to as the decentralized hospital computer program (DHCP) imaging system, is fully integrated with a commercial picture archiving and communication system (PACS). The system is utilized to capture, archive, and display all images generated within the hospital including radiology, nuclear medicine, pathology, endoscopy, bronchoscopy, and dermatology, intraoperative photographs, ECG data, and a limited number of paper documents. The ultimate goal of the project is to have all patient text and image data available at any clinical workstation to any authorized user anywhere within the network of medical centres. Clinical requirements for an imaging workstation include ease of use, rapid and reliable access to the complete set of patient information, and images which are of acceptable quality to meet the requirements of the user and the subspecialty. Patient confidentiality and data security must be safeguarded at all times. Integration of the images with the remainder of the patient's database was found to be critical to the success of the project. The experience at the Washington and Maryland facilities suggests that an imaging system that is successfully integrated with a hospital information system can provide substantial clinical and economic benefits both within and among medical centres. Clinical acceptance and utilization of the system has been excellent, particularly in diagnostic radiology where DHCP Imaging has been interfaced to a commercial PAC system. Based upon this initial experience, the VA has begun to deploy the system throughout its large network of medical centres.     

Myocardial elastography at both high temporal and spatial resolution for the detection of infarcts

Myocardial elastography is a novel method for noninvasively assessing regional myocardial function, with the advantages of high spatial and temporal resolution and high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). In this paper, in-vivo experiments were performed in anesthetized normal and infarcted mice (one day after left anterior descending coronary artery [LAD] ligation) using a high-resolution (30 MHz) ultrasound system (Vevo 770, VisualSonics Inc., Toronto, ON, Canada). Radiofrequency (RF) signals of the left ventricle (LV) in longitudinal (long-axis) view and the associated electrocardiogram (ECG) were simultaneously acquired. Using a retrospective ECG gating technique, 2-D full field-of-view RF frames were acquired at an extremely high frame rate (8 kHz) that resulted in high-quality incremental displacement and strain estimation of the myocardium. The incremental results were further accumulated to obtain the cumulative displacements and strains. Two-dimensional and M-mode displacement images and strain images (elastograms), as well as displacement and strain profiles as a function of time, were compared between normal and infarcted mice. Incremental results clearly depicted cardiac events including LV contraction, LV relaxation and isovolumetric phases in both normal and infarcted mice, and also evidently indicated reduced motion and deformation in the infarcted myocardium. The elastograms indicated that the infarcted regions underwent thinning during systole rather than thickening, as in the normal case. The cumulative elastograms were found to have higher elastographic SNR (SNR(e)) than the incremental elastograms (e.g., 10.6 vs. 4.7 in a normal myocardium, and 6.0 vs. 2.4 in an infarcted myocardium). Finally, preliminary statistical results from nine normal (m = 9) and seven infarcted (n = 7) mice indicated the capability of the cumulative strain in differentiating infracted from normal myocardia. In conclusion, myocardial elastography could provide regional strain information at simultaneously high temporal (>/=0.125 ms) and spatial ( approximately 55 microm) resolution as well as high precision ( approximately 0.05 microm displacement). This technique was thus capable of accurately characterizing normal myocardial function throughout an entire cardiac cycle, at the same high resolution, and detecting and localizing myocardial infarction in vivo.     

手转胎头术失败的原因与分娩结局临床分析

目的 探讨手转胎头术失败的原因与分娩结局.方法 选择2008年1月至2010年12月于我院住院分娩的持续性枕横位、枕后位产妇198例,根据行手转胎头术后结果分为成功组126例、失败组72例.比较两组分娩结局,对比分析失败原因.结果 失败组胎儿体质量≥3500 g的发生率[76.4％(55/72)]明显高于成功组[31.7％(40/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=30.177,P=0.001)、失败组宫缩乏力发生率[58.3％(42/72)]高于成功组[38.1％ (48/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=7.569,P=0.006)、失败组骨盆临界或轻度狭窄发生率[38.9％ (28/72)]高于成功组[23.8％(30/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2 =5.030,P=0.002)、失败组手转胎头时机不当(宫口开大＜6 cm、胎头位于坐骨棘上及宫口开大8～10 cm、胎头位于坐骨棘下≥2 cm)发生率[61.1％(44/72)]高于成功组[38.9％(49/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=9.084,P=0.003).失败组母儿并发症(产后出血、产褥病率、胎儿窘迫、新生儿窒息)发生率高于成功组(x2 =9.586,P=0.002、x2=9.334,P=0.002、x2=5.910,P=0.015、x2=5.240,P=0.022)、失败组剖宫产发生率[72.2％(52/72)]明显高于成功组[34.1 ％(43/126),x2=26.641,P=0.001)].结论 手转胎头术能使难产变顺产,降低剖宫产率,减少母儿并发症,但须积极预防、处理导致手转胎头术失败的原因,对矫正失败后继续矫正及试产应慎重.