外伤性颈内动脉海绵窦瘘的血管内栓塞治疗:20例回顾性病例系列研究

目的 评价血管内栓塞治疗外伤性颈内动脉海绵窦瘘(traumatic carotid-cavernousfistula,TCCF)的临床效果.方法 20例TCCF患者,10例采用可脱性球囊栓塞,4例采用可脱性球囊结合弹簧圈栓塞,2例采用单纯弹簧圈栓塞,3例采用弹簧圈结合Onyx胶栓塞,1例采用覆膜支架置入术.其中,有2例因球囊早泄而再次栓塞.结果 20例患者一次性栓塞成功18例,二次栓塞成功2例.颈内动脉通畅率100％,未发生手术相关并发症.结论 血管内栓塞是治疗TCCF的一种简单、安全和疗效可靠的方法.     

血管内栓塞术治疗颅脑损伤后假性动脉瘤破裂8例

对8例颅脑损伤后假性动脉瘤破裂患者行血管内栓塞术，手术经右侧股动脉入路，用球囊、弹簧圈闭塞瘘口或颈内动脉栓塞，结果3例可脱球囊一次栓塞成功，保留颈内动脉通畅；1例颈内动脉放置2枚球囊，连同颈内动脉闭塞；3例应用游离弹簧圈连同颈内动脉闭塞；1例因反复球囊被骨片刺破而改行孤立手术。随访1～5a未复发。认为血管内栓塞术是治疗假性动脉瘤的首选方法。     

球囊辅助弹簧圈联合Onxy胶治疗颈内动脉海绵窦瘘的疗效分析

目的探讨球囊辅助弹簧圈联合Onxy胶治疗颈内动脉海绵窦瘘（CCF）的安全性及有效性。 方法四川省医学科学院·四川省人民医院神经外科自2018年1月至2020年6月共收治CCF患者19例,均采用球囊辅助弹簧圈联合Onxy胶介入治疗。其中11例岩下窦开放者行经岩下窦静脉途径栓塞治疗,另8例行经颈内动脉瘘口动脉途径栓塞。 结果19例患者栓塞后即刻造影显示海绵窦瘘口完全封闭。术后常规复查头颅CT,未见栓塞剂异位栓塞表现,无新发神经功能障碍表现。所有患者于术后即刻眼静脉症状及颅鸣耳鸣症状均有明显缓解,1~2周内逐步消失。而存在颅神经麻痹症状患者,眼外肌麻痹症状缓解则相对缓慢。 结论通过三维成像后处理剪辑技术,可精准判断瘘口位置;无论经动脉或静脉入路,封堵球囊可精准封闭瘘口,在栓塞过程中使弹簧圈及Onxy胶尽可能接近瘘口附近,从而减少费用,同时提高CCF治疗的安全性及有效性,减少并发症。     

颈动脉海绵窦瘘的诊断与球囊栓塞治疗(附96例报告)

目的 探讨颈动脉海绵窦瘘(CCF)的血管造影特点及用可脱球囊栓塞的效果。方法 96例均行数字减影血管造影(DSA)，显示瘘口部位及大小后行可脱球囊栓塞治疗。结果 96例中，89例1次栓塞成功；7例术后复发，瘘口再通，第2次栓塞成功。13例闭塞颈内动脉。结论 CCF球囊栓塞为首选治疗方法。术中应尽量保留颈内动脉通畅。     

旋转DSA配合介入栓塞治疗老年自发性颈动脉海绵窦瘘

目的 探讨介入栓塞治疗老年自发性颈动脉海绵窦瘘的效果及旋转数字减影血管造影术(DSA)和三维血管重建在显示瘘口位置、大小及与周围血管关系中的应用.方法 经动脉入路对11例老年自发性颈动脉海绵窦瘘患者进行栓塞治疗,应用旋转DSA和三维血管重建寻找瘘口,采用可脱性球囊、电解可控弹簧圈(GDC)等多种材料栓塞病变侧海绵窦,同时闭塞瘘口.术后6～24个月对全部11例患者进行全脑血管造影复查.结果 9例行球囊及GDC栓塞瘘口的患者术后即刻造影显示瘘口完全闭塞,2例患侧颈内动脉完全闭塞,无复发.结论 在旋转DSA和三维血管重建的配合下栓塞老年自发性颈动脉海绵窦瘘是一种安全、有效的治疗方法.     

覆膜支架治疗外伤性颈动脉海绵窦瘘二例报道并文献复习

尽管应用可脱性球囊可治愈大部分外伤性颈动脉海绵窦瘘（carotid cavernous fistula,CCF）,但仍有少数病例治疗相当困难.对于一些可脱性球囊难以治愈的病例,既要去除病灶,又要保持颈内动脉的通畅则更加困难.首都医科大学宣武医院神经外科采用覆膜支架血管成形术,成功治疗了2例瘘口较小的TCCF,现报道如下.     

经静脉入路采用Onyx或联合弹簧圈治疗海绵窦区硬脑膜动静脉瘘的疗效

目的探讨经静脉入路采用Onyx或联合可脱性弹簧圈栓塞治疗海绵窦区硬脑膜动静脉瘘的安全性和有效性。方法回顾性分析2007年2月—2010年12月,经静脉入路栓塞治疗的12例海绵窦区硬脑膜动静脉瘘患者的临床资料,其中经岩下窦入路10例,经面静脉-眼上静脉入路2例。单独应用Onyx 8例,Onyx联合可脱性弹簧圈4例。结果①治疗后即刻血管造影显示完全闭塞10例,少量残留2例。单独应用Onyx栓塞治愈6例,好转2例,Onyx联合可脱性弹簧圈栓塞治愈2例,好转2例;总有效率100%,治愈率66.7%,无加重或死亡病例。②2例术中出现心动过缓,3例术后出现眶部疼痛。③对所有患者进行临床随访,随访时间为6～32个月,无复发及加重者。结论静脉入路Onyx或联合可脱性弹簧圈栓塞海绵窦区硬脑膜动静脉瘘的疗效确实,安全可靠。     

25例颈动脉海绵窦瘘的血管内治疗

目的 总结微弹簧圈、Onyx胶以及覆膜支架治疗颈动脉海绵窦瘘(carotid cavernous fistula,CCT)的初步体会.方法 25例CCF患者,其中外伤性22例,自发性3例;14例瘘口位于右侧颈内动脉(internal carotid artery,ICA)海绵窦段,11例位于左侧ICA海绵窦段.按Barrow分型:A型22例,C型2例,D型1例.18例单纯应用可脱弹簧圈治疗,1例应用可脱弹簧圈结合Onyx栓塞治疗,2例单纯应用Onyx栓塞治疗,4例应用覆膜支架治疗.结果 所有病例术后颅内杂音立即消失,术后造影见瘘口完全闭塞,1～20 d后临床症状消失,无死亡以及手术相关性并发症.弹簧圈治疗患者ICA通畅占12/18,4例带膜支架治疗患者ICA均通畅.2例Onyx治疗患者ICA通畅,1例可脱弹簧圈结合Onyx治疗患者ICA通畅.1例经弹簧圈治疗的外伤性CCF 1个月后复发,经再次弹簧圈治愈.其余患者随访6～24个月未见临床症状复发,6例术后获得脑血管造影随访,CCF均未见复发.结论 弹簧罔、Onyx 和覆膜支架血管内治疗是一种安全和有用的CCF治疗方法.     

可脱性球囊治疗颈内动脉-海绵窦瘘的远期效果

使用可脱性球囊经动脉栓塞颈内动脉-海绵窦瘘(CCFs)是栓塞瘘口和保护颈内动脉的最好的首选方式。在使用乳胶和硅胶可脱性球囊治疗的100例CCFs中,成功栓塞了88个瘘口,其中75％的颈内动脉(ICA)得以保护。早期结果示,3％短暂性缺血,4％永久性神经功能障碍,其中1例死亡。而远期脑缺血、瘘复发和假性动脉瘤发生的危险度不详。分析87例88个CCFs可脱性球囊栓塞的远期结果,以了解这一方法     

颈动脉海绵窦瘘可脱性球囊栓塞术后瘘口再通原因与治疗

目的探讨可脱性球囊栓塞治疗颈动脉海绵窦瘘（CCF）术后瘘口再通原因与治疗方法。方法回顾性分析12例CCF术后瘘口再通的原因、类型及相对应的治疗方法,随访时间为6个月~2 a。结果12例瘘口再通均在术后1周内发生,3例为球囊早泄,5例为球囊破裂,4例为球囊移位。10例再次用球囊栓塞治愈,2例行3次球囊栓塞成功。其中闭塞颈内动脉5例,未出现并发症。结论用可脱性球囊栓塞治疗CCF的复发与有无颅底骨折片、球囊大小的选择、球囊的充盈状态、放置位置及瘘口大小等有关。     

Catheter closure of coronary artery fistulas

Coronary artery fistulas are rare and vary widely in their morphological appearance and presentation. This paper presents experience of catheter closure of coronary artery fistulas in 40 patients. Catheter closure was performed with a variety of techniques, including detachable balloons, stainless steel coils, controlled-release coils, controlled-release patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) coils, and Amplatzer PDA plug. The vast majority of the fistulas were occluded with coils and in particular, controlled-release coils. Successful occlusion of the fistula was achieved in 39 (97%) of 40 patients. In one patient, the detachable balloon deflated prematurely and the patient underwent elective surgery. One 4-month-old infant died approximately 6 hours after the procedure. Immediate occlusion of the coronary artery fistula occurred in 33 (82%) of patients and late occlusion in 4 patients. Thus overall, total occlusion was achieved in 37 (97%) of 39 patients. The main complication was embolization of the occlusion device, which occurred in 6 (17%) of cases. In one of these cases, a detachable balloon deflated prematurely, and in five patients, coils embolized and were retrieved. In one of the patients, all six coils embolized 24 hours after the procedure but were retrieved, and further coils were implanted successfully. Controlled-release coils have made an important contribution to the technique of catheter closure of coronary artery fistulas. Catheter closure of these fistulas is an acceptable alternative to the standard surgical treatment.     

静脉窦内球囊保护下Onyx栓塞侧窦区硬脑膜动静脉瘘的随访分析

目的初步探讨侧窦区硬脑膜动静脉瘘的栓塞治疗中,静脉窦内球囊保护技术的疗效及安全性。方法回顾性连续纳入2012年12月至2016年8月,经静脉窦内球囊保护下,使用Onyx栓塞侧窦区硬脑膜动静脉瘘7例患者,并对其临床资料、影像学资料及随访结果进行分析。结果 7例患者中,瘘口位于乙状窦区3例、横窦区4例。术后即刻造影显示完全栓塞5例,大部分栓塞2例,球囊保护静脉窦均保持通畅。临床随访7例,随访时间为术后6~43个月,无新发神经功能缺损。7例患者均获全脑DSA复查,随访时间为术后6~11个月,提示5例完全治愈,其中4例静脉窦通畅,1例闭塞;1例瘘口稳定且静脉窦通畅,1例瘘口新发合并静脉窦闭塞。结论静脉窦内球囊保护下栓塞硬脑膜动静脉瘘在栓塞瘘口的同时,可长期维持静脉窦通畅,有利于维持栓塞效果的稳定性。     

静脉窦内球囊辅助Onyx18闭塞上矢状窦及侧窦治疗硬脑膜动静脉瘘

目的探讨静脉窦内球囊辅助栓塞剂——Onyx18闭塞上矢状窦及侧窦（横窦和乙状窦）治疗硬脑膜动静脉瘘（DAVF）的可行性、安全性和有效性。方法回顾性分析2008年2月—2012年6月,经静脉途径在静脉窦内使用保护球囊,经动脉和（或）静脉途径,采用Onyx18栓塞治疗上矢状窦区和侧窦区DAVF的24例患者的临床资料,分析球囊辅助栓塞的效果以及并发症的发生情况。结果①本组24例患者,病变位于上矢状窦区5例,侧窦区19例。对上矢状窦区病变和侧窦区病变使用Hyperform 7 mm×7 mm球囊各1例,对其余患者使用外周血管扩张用球囊。②对上矢状窦区病变的患者经动脉栓塞3例,经静脉栓塞2例,使用球囊均基本闭塞静脉窦;对侧窦区病变患者经动脉栓塞10例,经静脉栓塞7例,动静脉联合栓塞2例;使用球囊基本闭塞静脉窦8例,部分闭塞静脉窦11例。③上矢状窦病变患者3例栓塞后治愈,有2例随访半年无复发,1例栓塞后少量残余,1年后复查造影无明显变化;在侧窦区病变的患者中,对1例患者行两次栓塞后瘘口消失,其余患者均经1次栓塞治愈,对其中7例患者治疗后半年进行了血管造影随访,未见复发。结论对经严格选择适应证的DAVF患者在球囊辅助下使用Onyx18闭塞侧窦（横窦和乙状窦）和上矢状窦,治疗DAVF是一种相对安全、有效的方法,能最大程度地保留静脉窦的通畅性。     

经动脉采用Onyx－18胶栓塞颅前窝底硬脑膜动静脉瘘

目的探讨经动脉入路采用Onyx-18胶栓塞颅前窝底硬脑膜动静脉瘘的临床疗效。方法于2004年1月—2009年2月期间,对首都医科大学宣武医院收治的颅前窝底硬脑膜动静脉瘘13例患者（其中男9例,女4例;年龄为36～63岁,平均52岁）应用Onyx-18胶,经动脉进行瘘口及引流静脉栓塞。对其临床资料,包括临床表现、影像学、治疗方法及预后进行回顾性分析。结果①通过单侧眼动脉筛前动脉栓塞8例,通过双侧眼动脉筛前动脉栓塞5例;一次性完全栓塞11例,部分栓塞2例。无严重栓塞并发症。②颈内动脉造影显示,单纯眼动脉筛前动脉供血6例,筛前、筛后动脉供血4例,筛前动脉、筛后动脉、颌内动脉、脑膜中动脉供血3例;异常血流经皮质静脉向上矢状窦汇流9例,伴有向基底静脉汇流3例,合并翼丛面静脉引流1例;引流静脉瘤样扩张或静脉湖形成7例。③术后随访1～48个月,所有病例无再出血及癫痫发作。结论经动脉入路应用Onyx-18胶栓塞颅前窝底硬脑膜动静脉瘘可以获得较好的效果,但疗效及安全性仍需大宗病例和长期随访证实。     

Closure of an iatrogenic aortocoronary arteriovenous fistula: transcatheter balloon embolization following failed coil embolization and salvage of coils that migrated into the coronary venous system.

We report a 50-year-old patient with successful percutaneous closure of a large inadvertent surgical aortocoronary arteriovenous fistula (shunt flow: 1.8 L/min). With initial embolization of multiple coils, no lasting occlusion of the large fistula could be achieved. Above that, two coils migrated into the coronary venous system. Following rescue of the migrated coils through a retrograde coronary sinus approach, the fistula was occluded using a detachable balloon. Follow-up angiograms confirmed successful closure of the fistula. In contrast to coil embolization, use of a detachable balloon seems to be the appropriate technique for percutaneous closure of such fistulas.     

Three cases of transcatheter embolization for pulmonary arteriovenous fistula using detachable coils]

We report three cases of transcatheter embolization for pulmonary arteriovenous fistula (PAVF) using Interlocking detachable coils (IDC) and detachable fibered coils (DFC), and evaluate the outcome of transcatheter embolization with reference to previous reports. The three patients were women aged 56, 70 and 71 years. They had no symptoms, but chest radiographs were abnormal. None of them had Rendu-Osler-Weber disease. The three PAVFs were of the simple type, with a single feeding vessel and a single draining vein. In case 1, the feeding vessel arose from the left A4, while the feeding vessels in case 2 and 3 arose from the left A5. In case 1, we embolized the venous sac with detachable coils because the feeding vessel was short and kinked. In case 2 and 3, we embolized the feeding vessels closer as to the neck of the venous sac using detachable coils. The three PAVFs were all successfully embolized without severe complications, and transcatheter embolization seems to be an effective therapy.     

Transcatheter coil embolization of a high-flow coronary artery fistula using 0.052-inch gianturco coils: a case report.

A giant, high-flow coronary fistula is usually difficult to treat by transcatheter coil embolization, but the 0.052-inch Gianturco coil, which is larger and has a stronger shape memory than conventional coils, is now available. Using this device and additional conventional coils, a high-flow coronary artery fistula in a healthy 31-year-old man was successfully embolized. The new Gianturco coil widens the indication for the transcatheter embolization of coronary artery fistulas.     

经动脉入路栓塞前颅窝底硬脑膜动静脉瘘

目的评价经动脉入路栓塞前颅窝底硬脑膜动静脉瘘（DAVF）的安全性和有效性。方法回顾性分析7例经动脉入路栓塞的前颅窝底DAVF患者的临床资料,其中Cognardm型1例,Ⅳ型6例。表现为颅内出血5例,眼部症状2例。均采用经筛动脉入路,以10％～15％液态栓塞剂NBCA栓塞2例,Onyx—18栓塞5例。对2例合并供血动脉血流相关胜动脉瘤者,均首先栓塞动脉瘤。结果7例中,经单支供血动脉栓塞即获完全栓塞者5例,其中2例用球囊辅助微导管超选技术;部分栓塞2例,分别在1周及1个月后造影,见瘘口再开放,再次进行多支供血动脉栓塞,直至瘘口基本不显影。1例因NBCA胶过度弥散发生对侧眼动脉阻塞,术后出现视力下降。7例均获临床随访（6～107个月）,改良Rankin量表评分0～1级5例,2级1例,3级1例。4例获造影随访,均未见瘘口显影。结论经动脉入路栓塞前颅窝底DAVF安全有效。术中应严格控制栓塞剂返流及过度弥散,防止发生视网膜中央动脉栓塞等并发症。