乳腺癌ER、PR、PS2、C-erbB2、Ki-67联合检测的临床意义

目的探讨乳腺癌雌激素受体(ER)、孕激素受体(PR)、PS2、C-erbB2、Ki-67联合检测的临床意义。方法收集2009年1月至2010年9月底收治并经病理科常规行免疫组织化学检测ER、PR、PS2、C-erbB-2、Ki-67的乳腺癌病例125例。分析患者的性别、年龄、肿瘤大小(取最大横径计算)、肿瘤性质(分类)、淋巴结转移情况、临床分期(TNM分期)及其与受体及相关检测(免疫组化采用SP法)结果及关系。结果 ER、PR、PS2、C-erbB-2的表达率分别为56.0%、64.0%、45.6%、78.4%;Ki-67低度增殖活性占71.2%,中高度增殖活性率28.8%。PR随肿瘤增大表达率下降(P<0.05)、Ki-67随年龄增高表达率下降(P<0.005)。结论乳腺癌ER、PR、PS2的检测对指导临床个体化内分泌治疗很关键;肿块较小者PR表达率较高、内分泌治疗相对更有效;年轻者增殖活性较高,对化疗相对敏感;C-erbB-2的免疫组化假阳性高,方法有待改进。     

ER、PR、Her-2及Ki-67在乳腺癌患者新辅助化疗后表达情况及意义分析

目的探讨雌激素受体(ER)、孕激素受体(PR)、人表皮生长因子受体2(Her-2)及细胞增殖标志物Ki-67抗原(antigen Ki-67,ki67)在乳腺癌患者新辅助化疗后表达情况及意义。方法回顾性分析2020年1月至2022年1月在我院接受乳腺癌新辅助化疗的患者68例,研究患者癌组织化疗前后ER、PR、Her-2及Ki-67表达情况。结果乳腺癌患者肿瘤组织内ER、PR、Her-2新辅助化疗前后阳性率比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);Ki-67新辅助化疗后高表达率为58.82%,低于化疗前的77.94%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论乳腺癌新辅助化疗前后肿瘤组织内ER、PR、Her-2表达无差异,但会造成Ki-67高表达率显著降低,可作为预测乳腺癌新辅助化疗药物敏感性和疗效的敏感指标。     

雌激素受体、孕激素受体、C-erbB-2和Ki-67在子宫内膜癌中的表达及其与临床病理的关系

目的探讨雌激素受体(ER)、孕激素受体(PR)、表皮生长因子受体-2(C-erbB-2)和增殖细胞核抗原-67(Ki-67)在子宫内膜癌中的表达及其与临床病理的关系。方法依据整群随机抽样的方法回顾性选取2018年5月至2019年5月青岛市中心医疗集团妇瘤科收治的子宫内膜癌患者154例,将其作为子宫内膜癌组,另依据整群随机抽样的方法选取同期青岛市中心医疗集团妇瘤科收治的因其他妇科疾病手术刮宫或切除的子宫内膜标本120例作为子宫内膜标本组,统计分析两组子宫内膜组织中ER、PR、C-erbB-2、Ki-67的阳性表达情况,分析子宫内膜癌组患者子宫内膜组织中ER、PR、C-erbB-2、Ki-67阳性表达情况与临床病理的相关性。结果子宫内膜癌组患者子宫内膜组织中ER、PR、C-erbB-2、Ki-67阳性率分别为53. 2%、44. 2%、51. 9%、59. 7%;子宫内膜标本组不典型增生患者子宫内膜组织中ER、PR、C-erbB-2、Ki-67阳性率分别为80. 0%、76. 7%、50. 0%、33. 3%,正常子宫内膜人员子宫内膜组织中ER、PR、C-erbB-2、Ki-67阳性率分别为90. 0%、93. 3%、0%、6. 7%。子宫内膜癌组患者子宫内膜组织中ER、PR阳性表达率均显著低于子宫内膜标本组中不典型增生、正常子宫内膜人员(P 0. 05),C-erbB-2、Ki-67阳性表达率均显著高于子宫内膜标本组中不典型增生、正常子宫内膜人员(P 0. 05)。子宫内膜癌组Ⅲ～Ⅳ期患者的子宫内膜组织中ER、PR阳性表达率均显著低于Ⅰ、Ⅱ期患者(P 0. 05),Ⅰ期患者子宫内膜组织中ER、PR阳性表达率均显著低于Ⅱ期患者(P 0. 05);Ⅱ、Ⅲ～Ⅳ期患者子宫内膜组织中C-erbB-2、Ki-67阳性表达率均显著高于Ⅰ期患者(P 0. 05),Ⅱ期患者子宫内膜组织中C-erbB-2阳性表达率显著高于Ⅲ～Ⅳ期患者(P 0. 05),Ki-67阳性表达率显著低于Ⅲ～Ⅳ期患者(P 0. 05)。分化程度G1、G2、G3患者子宫内膜组织中ER、PR阳性表达率均逐渐降低(P 0. 05),C-erbB-2、Ki-67阳性表达率均逐渐升高(P 0. 05)。浸润程度≤1/2患者子宫内膜组织中ER、PR、C-erbB-2阳性表达率均显著高于 1/2患者(P 0. 05),Ki-67阳性表达率显著低于 1/2患者(P 0. 05)。有淋巴结转移患者子宫内膜组织中ER、PR、C-erbB-2阳性表达率均显著低于无淋巴结转移患者(P 0. 05),Ki-67阳性表达率显著高于无淋巴结转移患者(P 0. 05)。结论 ER、PR在子宫内膜癌中的阳性表达率降低,C-erbB-2和Ki-67阳性表达率提升,雌激素受体、孕激素受体、C-erbB-2和Ki-67与临床病理密切相关。     

Ki-67、C-erbB-2、P53蛋白在乳腺癌组织中的表达及其临床意义

目的:分析细胞核增殖抗原Ki-67、C-erbB-2、P53蛋白在乳腺癌组织中的表达,并探讨其与乳腺癌临床病理因素间的关系及意义。方法:用免疫组化法检测156例乳腺癌患者病理组织中Ki-67、C-erbB-2、P53蛋白与其他生物学指标的表达,并结合临床病理因素进行相关性分析。结果:Ki-67、C-erbB-2和P53蛋白在乳腺癌组织中的阳性率分别为69.9%、63.4%和57.1%,三者的表达率均与患者年龄、肿瘤直径无相关性。Ki-67及C-erbB-2与肿瘤的TNM分期及脉管浸润程度显著相关(P<0.01),C-erbB-2的表达与患者淋巴结转移情况有关(P0.05)。同时,Ki-67、C-erbB-2的阳性表达与雌激素受体(ER)的阳性表达呈负相关(P<0.01);P53的表达与ER、孕激素受体(PR)的表达间均无相关性。Ki-67的表达与C-erbB-2的表达呈正相关(P0.05)。结论:Ki-67、C-erbB-2阳性表达可作为评价乳腺癌发生、发展的生物学指标,而联合检测更有助于乳腺癌临床分期评估。     

ER、PR以及Ki-67状态与乳腺癌新辅助化疗疗效的相关性

目的 探究雌激素受体(ER)、孕激素受体(PR)以及Ki67抗原(Ki67)状态与乳腺癌(BC)新辅助化疗疗效的相关性.方法 选取本院2015年12月至2020年5月216例乳腺癌患者,术前均进行新辅助化疗.采用免疫组织化学染色检测ER、PR、Ki-67,评价疗效,分析ER、PR、Ki-67与疗效的关系.结果 总有效率...     

乳腺癌新辅助化疗对癌组织ER、PR、HER-2及Ki67水平的影响

目的探讨乳腺癌新辅助化疗对癌组织雌激素受体(ER)、孕激素受体(PR)、人表皮生长因子受2(HER-2)及Ki67水平的影响。方法回顾性选取西中医药大学附属西电集团医院普外科收治的85例初诊乳腺癌患者为研究对象,经空心针穿刺活检确诊,均接受乳腺癌手术,术前接受新辅助化疗,观察化疗疗效,采用免疫组化染色法检测化疗前后ER、PR、HER-2及Ki67的表达情况,并分析标记物表达变化与化疗疗效的关系。结果 85例乳腺癌患者经新辅助化疗后,完全缓解4例(4. 71%),部分缓解62例(72. 94%),疾病稳定14例(16. 47%),疾病进展5例(5. 88%);术后病理完全缓解(p CR) 8例(9. 41%)。化疗前后ER、PR、HER-2表达情况比较,差异无统计学意义(P 0. 05);化疗后Ki67阳性表达率明显低于化疗前(P 0. 05); Ki67表达阳性患者与阴性患者在化疗疗效方面存在显著差异(P0. 05)。Spearman相关性分析显示,Ki67表达变化与化疗疗效呈负相关(r=-0. 563,P 0. 05)。结论乳腺癌术前新辅助化疗可有效控制肿瘤,降低Ki67的表达水平,Ki67可作为乳腺癌分子标记物,但新辅助化疗不能显著影响ER、PR、HER-2的表达水平。     

乳腺癌组织中雌孕激素受体、c-erbB-2、p53、bcl-2及pS2的表达及意义

目的探讨乳腺癌组织中雌激素受体（ER）、孕激素受体（PR）、c-erbB-2、p53、bcl-2及pS2的表达及其临床意义。方法用免疫组织化学法检测75例乳腺癌标本中ER、PR、c-erbB-2、p53、bcl-2及pS2蛋白的表达情况,分析不同临床病理特征与其表达的关系。结果乳腺癌中ER、PR、C-erbB-2、p53、bcl-2和pS2的阳性表达率分别为74.7%、78.7%、49.3%、65.3%、82.7%和54.7%。PR的表达与患者年龄相关;p53的表达与组织学分级、病理类型、淋巴结转移、肿瘤位置和临床分期有关;bcl-2的表达与年龄、月经和肿瘤位置有关;pS2与绝经状况有关;bcl-2的表达与ER有关;ER（＋）、PR（＋）组中pS2阳性率明显高于ER（-）、PR（-）组（P〈0.05）。结论联合检测乳腺癌组织中ER、PR、c-erbB-2、p53、pS2及bcl-2蛋白的表达对于判断乳腺癌预后和指导治疗具有临床参考价值。     

子宫内膜癌中雌孕激素受体、Ki-67、C-erbB-2表达与病理的相关性分析

目的 分析子宫内膜癌(endometrial carcinoma, EC)中孕激素受体(PR)、雌激素受体(ER)、表皮生长因子受体2(C-erbB-2)与增殖细胞核抗原67(Ki-67)表达与病理的相关性。方法 选取2020年8月—2021年7月商河县人民医院收治的52例EC患者作为研究组。另选48例子宫内膜不典型增生患者作为对照组。检测两组患者的病灶组织中的ER、PR、Ki-67、C-erbB-2表达情况。比较不同临床病理特征研究组EC患病灶组织中ER、PR、Ki-67、C-erbB-2阳性表达率。结果 研究组ER、PR阳性表达率为53.85%、50.00%,低于对照组(83.33%、83.33%),差异有统计学意义(χ²=9.974、12.359,P<0.05),Ki-67、C-erbB-2阳性表达率(76.92%、75.00%)高于对照组(20.83%、25.00%),差异有统计学意义(χ²=31.410、24.970,P<0.05)。研究组EC患者病理分期Ⅲ～Ⅳ期、肌层浸润程度≥1/2、中低分化、有淋巴结转移的ER阳性表...     

乳腺癌雌孕激素受体与C-erbB-2基因、多药耐药基因MDR1(P-gp)蛋白表达及相关分析研究

目的观察乳腺癌组织中雌孕激素受体(ER、PR)与C-erbB-2基因、多药耐药基因MDR1(P-gp)的蛋白表达并探讨其相互关系.方法 用免疫组织化学法(EnVision法)对109例术前未行化疗的乳腺癌手术切除标本福尔马林固定、石蜡包埋组织进行ER、PR、C-erbB-2、MDR1(P-gp)检测,结果作统计学分析.结果 ①ER、PR阳性表达率分别为55.0%和43.1%;②C-erbB-2、MDR1(P-gp)的阳性表达率各为54.1%和15.6%,乳腺导管内癌患者的C-erbB-2阳性表达高于浸润性导管癌的患者(P<0.05);③ER、PR均阳性患者的C-erbB-2阳性表达明显低于ER、PR均阴性患者(P<0.05),ER阳性组的C-erbB-2阳性表达明显低于ER阴性组(P<0.05).结论 ER、PR与C-erbB-2基因在乳腺癌中有一定的内在联系,C-erbB-2表达与ER表达呈负相关;多药耐药基因MDR1(P-gp)的表达与ER、PR无关.     

新辅助化疗对乳腺癌COX-2、Ki-67表达和微血管密度的影响

目的:探讨在乳腺癌新辅助化疗中COX-2、Ki-67表达和微血管密度(MVD)的变化及其意义.方法:应用免疫组织化学法检测48例乳腺癌新辅助化疗前后标本中COX-2、Ki-67的表达和MVD.结果:新辅助化疗前后乳腺癌组织中COX-2、Ki-67表达和MVD变化显著,分别由化疗前的62.5%,(46.81±23.17)%和(32.21±7.80)%.降到化疗后的41.7%、(33.23±18.11)%和(28.77±10.01)%,P<0.05.化疗前后COX-2阳性的乳腺癌组织中Ki-67、MVD均显著高于COX-2阴性组.P<0.05.结论:新辅助化疗通过抑制COX-2的表达,降低肿瘤细胞增殖活性,减少肿瘤新生血管生成,降低乳腺癌细胞的浸润转移能力.     

Efficient and stable transduction of dopaminergic neurons in rat substantia nigra by rAAV 2/1, 2/2, 2/5, 2/6.2, 2/7, 2/8 and 2/9

Dysfunction of the nigrostriatal system is the major cause of Parkinson's disease (PD). This brain region is therefore an important target for gene delivery aiming at disease modeling and gene therapy. Recombinant adeno-associated viral (rAAV) vectors have been developed as efficient vehicles for gene transfer into the central nervous system. Recently, several serotypes have been described, with varying tropism for brain transduction. In light of the further development of a viral vector-mediated rat model for PD, we performed a comprehensive comparison of the transduction and tropism for dopaminergic neurons (DNs) in the adult Wistar rat substantia nigra (SN) of seven rAAV vector serotypes (rAAV 2/1, 2/2, 2/5, 2/6.2, 2/7, 2/8 and 2/9). All vectors were normalized by titer and volume, and stereotactically injected into the SN. Gene expression was assessed non-invasively and quantitatively in vivo by bioluminescence imaging at 2 and 5 weeks after injection, and was found to be stable over time. Immunohistochemistry at 6 weeks following injection revealed the most widespread enhanced green fluorescence protein expression and the highest number of positive nigral cells using rAAV 2/7, 2/9 and 2/1. The area transduced by rAAV 2/8 was smaller, but nevertheless almost equal numbers of nigral cells were targeted. Detailed confocal analysis revealed that serotype 2/7, 2/9, 2/1 and 2/8 transduced at least 70% of the DNs. In conclusion, these results show that various rAAV serotypes efficiently transduce nigral DNs, but significant differences in transgene expression pattern and level were observed.     

Expression,purification, biochemical characterization,and comparative function of human cytochrome P450 2D6.1, 2D6.2, 2D6.10, and 2D6.17 allelic isoforms

Polymorphism at the cytochrome P450 2D6 (CYP2D6) locus is one of the most widely known causes of pharmacogenetic variability in humans. Our goal is to investigate the intrinsic enzymatic differences that exist among active CYP2D6 isoforms to test the hypothesis that these enzymatic differences are substrate-dependent. Active CYP2D6.1, 2, 10, and 17 holo-enzymes were expressed in vitro and purified to a high degree of homogeneity as confirmed with SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, CO-difference spectroscopy, and mass spectral analysis. Purified enzyme was reconstituted with lipid and cytochrome P450 reductase in a 2:1 ratio before kinetic analysis. The reaction rate for dextromethorphan (DXM) O-demethylation, DXM N-demethylation, codeine O-demethylation, and fluoxetine N-demethylation catalyzed by each of the variants was determined. The CYP2D6.10 enzyme was the most impaired, exhibiting an estimated enzyme efficiency (as V(max)/K(m)) 50-fold lower for DXM O-demethylation and 100-fold lower for fluoxetine N-demethylation when compared with CYP2D6.1, whereas no measurable catalytic activity was observed for this variant toward codeine. The atypical DXM N-demethylation pathway catalyzed by this variant decreased only 2-fold in comparison. In the case of CYPD6.17, estimated clearances for each metabolite were decreased 6 to 33%. Likewise, the intrinsic clearance of CYP2D6.2 enzyme was consistently decreased for each reaction examined, indicating that the ultra-rapid metabolizer phenotype sometimes associated with this genotype is not a function of the underlying amino acid substitutions. Overall enzyme efficiencies for the metabolism of each substrate therefore decreased in the order of 2D6.1 > 2D6.2 > 2D6.17 > 2D6.10.     

Real-time PCR assays to detect 10 Shiga toxin subtype (Stx1a,Stx1c,Stx1d,Stx2a,Stx2b,Stx2c,Stx2d,Stx2e,Stx2f,and Stx2g) genes

To develop subtyping methods for Shiga toxin (Stx)1a, Stx1c, Stx1d, Stx2a, Stx2b, Stx2c, Stx2d, Stx2e, Stx2f, and Stx2g genes for epidemiological analyses of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC), we developed 10 simplex real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays with reference to 284 valid stx sequences and evaluated their specificity and quantitative accuracy using STEC and non-STEC isolates and recombinant plasmids, respectively. Three stx₁ and 5 stx₂ subtype genes, except for stx_2c and stx_2d, were detected with high specificity using STEC isolates. However, some stx_2a sequences potentially being close to both Stx2a and Stx2d cluster in neighbor-joining cluster analysis were positive for stx_2a and stx_2d by real-time PCR. For the stx_2c assay, the number of real-time PCR cycles was reduced to avoid unnecessary false-positive results. Based on these considerations, the real-time PCR assays developed here might aid epidemiological investigations of infections or outbreaks caused by STEC harboring any of the stx subtype genes.     

Atomic and electronic structure of solids of Ge2Br2PN,Ge2I2PN,Sn2Cl2PN,Sn2Br2PN and Sn2I2PN inorganic double helices: a first principles study

We report the results of density functional theory calculations on the atomic and electronic structure of solids formed by assembling A₂B₂PN (A = Ge and Sn, B = Cl, Br, and I) inorganic double helices. The calculations have been performed using a generalized gradient approximation for the exchange–correlation functional and including van der Waals interactions. Our results show that the double helices crystallize in a monoclinic lattice with van der Waals type weak interactions between the double helices. In all cases except Ge₂Cl₂PN, the solids are stable with a binding energy between the double helices ranging from 0.06 eV per atom to 0.09 eV per atom and inter-double helices separation of more than 3.33 Å. All the solids are semiconducting. Further calculations have been done by using meta-GGA with a modified Becke–Johnson functional to obtain better band gaps, which are found to lie in the range of 0.91 eV to 1.49 eV. In the case of Ge₂Br₂PN the solid is a direct band gap semiconductor although the isolated double helix has an indirect band gap and it is suggested to be interesting for photovoltaic, and other optoelectronic applications. The charge transfer between the atoms has been studied using Bader charge analysis and the DDEC6 method in the CHARGEMOL program, which suggests charge transfer from the outer helix to the inner helix.

We report the results of density functional theory calculations on the atomic and electronic structure of solids formed by assembling A₂B₂PN (A = Ge and Sn, B = Cl, Br, and I) inorganic double helices.     

The safety needle switchover,part 2 of 2

South Carolina's Greenville Hospital System (GHS) minimizes caregivers' exposure to blood and body fluid through a risk-reduction program that hinges on feedback from data analysis and frontline staff.     

新生儿红臀病常见诱因及防治、护理进展

新生儿红臀病为新生儿科常见疾病，增加患儿痛苦感受，影响其生长发育质量，需予以针对性防控，以降低新生儿红臀 病发生率，促进患儿臀部创面愈合。因此，本文从腹泻、尿布、喂养、治疗、护理不当等方法进行新生儿红臀病诱因分析，并 总结针对性防治方法，旨在为临床新生儿红臀病防护提供参考。     

兔围失血性休克期内源性血管活性物质的动态变化

目的　了解围失血性休克期内源性血管活性物质的动态变化及其意义。方法　复制兔失血性休克及复苏模型，分别于休克前、休克１ ｈ、复苏１ ｈ、复苏２ ｈ 用比色法和放射免疫法测定血浆中一氧化氮（ＮＯ）、内皮素（ＥＴ）、血栓素Ａ２（ＴＸＡ２） 、前列环素（ＰＧＩ２）的变化。结果　休克后ＮＯ、ＥＴ、ＴＸＡ２ 升高，ＰＧＩ２ 下降，复苏后均有所回复，但均未回复到休克前水平。结论　内源性血管活性物质参与了失血性休克的发生发展，内源性血管舒缩物质的平衡在休克及抗休克中具有重要作用。