万拉法新与帕罗西汀治疗强迫症的对照观察

目的　比较万拉法新与帕罗西汀治疗强迫症的疗效及副反应。方法　对符合CCMD 3强迫症诊断标准的 4 0例患者随机分为两组 ,分别给予万拉法新与帕罗西汀治疗 8周。采用Yale Brown强迫量表 (Y BOCS)、汉密尔顿抑郁量表 (HAMD)、副反应量表 (TESS)和临床疗效评定标准评定疗效及副反应。结果　万拉法新与帕罗西汀疗效相似 ,两组显效率与有效率差异无显著性。万拉法新组副反应多于帕罗西汀组。结论　万拉法新治疗强迫症有较好疗效 ,可作为治疗强迫症的一种药物。     

帕罗西汀与氯米帕明治疗强迫症的多中心、随机、双盲、平行对照研究

目的 比较帕罗西汀和氯米帕明治疗强迫症的疗效和安全性。方法 141例符合美国精神障碍诊断与统计手册第4版强迫症诊断标准的患者完成了研究，其中帕罗西汀治疗72例(帕罗西汀组)，氯米帕明治疗69例(氯米帕明组)，疗程均为10周。所有患者在入组前均服用安慰剂1周。帕罗西汀组第1周20mg／d；第2周30mg／d；第3周40mg／d；第4～10周低剂量组40mg／d，高剂量组50mg／d。氯米帕明组第1周50mg／d；第2周100mg／d；第3周150mg/d，第4～10周低剂量组150mg／d，高剂量组200mg／d。结果 帕罗西汀组痊愈率为21％，显效率为60％，总有效率为93％。氯米帕明组痊愈率为28％，显效率为57％，总有效率为90％。两组患者疗效的差异无显著性。帕罗西汀组不良反应发生率为18％，氯米帕明组不良反应发生率为43％，两组的差异有显著性(χ^2=10．54，P=0.00)。结论 帕罗西汀治疗强迫症的疗效与氯米帕明相当，但不良反应比帕罗西汀少而轻。     

A double-blind study of the efficacy of venlafaxine extended-release, paroxetine, and placebo in the treatment of panic disorder

To date, no large-scale, controlled trial comparing a serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor with placebo for the treatment of panic disorder has been reported. This double-blind study compares the efficacy of venlafaxine extended-release (ER) and paroxetine with placebo. A total of 664 nondepressed adult outpatients who met DSM-IV criteria for panic disorder (with or without agoraphobia) were randomly assigned to 12 weeks of treatment with placebo or fixed-dose venlafaxine ER (75 mg/day or 150 mg/day), or paroxetine 40 mg/day. The primary measure was the percentage of patients free from full-symptom panic attacks, assessed with the Panic and Anticipatory Anxiety Scale (PAAS). Secondary measures included the Panic Disorder Severity Scale, Clinical Global Impressions--Severity (CGI-S) and--Improvement (CGI-I) scales; response (CGI-I rating of very much improved or much improved), remission (CGI-S rating of not at all ill or borderline ill and no PAAS full-symptom panic attacks); and measures of depression, anxiety, phobic fear and avoidance, anticipatory anxiety, functioning, and quality of life. Intent-to-treat, last observation carried forward analysis showed that mean improvement on most measures was greater with venlafaxine ER or paroxetine than with placebo. No significant differences were observed between active treatment groups. Panic-free rates at end point with active treatment ranged from 54% to 61%, compared with 35% for placebo. Approximately 75% of patients given active treatment were responders, and nearly 45% achieved remission. The placebo response rate was slightly above 55%, with remission near 25%. Adverse events were mild or moderate and similar between active treatment groups. Venlafaxine ER and paroxetine were effective and well tolerated in the treatment of panic disorder.     

文拉法辛治疗广泛性焦虑对照观察

目的:比较文拉法辛与帕罗西汀治疗广泛性焦虑的临床疗效及不良反应。方法:将60例广泛性焦虑患者随机分为文拉法辛组(30例)及帕罗西汀组(30例),疗程8周。用焦虑自评量表(SAS)、汉密尔顿焦虑量表(HAMA)和治疗中出现的症状量表(TESS)评定疗效和不良反应。结果:治疗第2周末文拉法辛组SAS、HAMA总分与治疗前相比下降较帕罗西汀组更明显(P均<0.05)。治疗第2、4周末,文拉法辛组有效率分别为20%和56%,帕罗西汀组分别为3%和26%,组间差异均有显著性(P均<0.05);治疗第6周末,文拉法辛组治愈率为50%,帕罗西汀组为23%,组间差异有显著性(P<0.05);而两组间有效率差异无显著性(P>0.05)。结论:文拉法辛治疗广泛性焦虑安全有效,不良反应少。     

帕罗西汀合并利培酮治疗强迫症对照研究

目的评价帕罗西汀合并利培酮治疗强迫症的临床效果。方法将53例强迫症患者随机分为治疗组与对照组,两组分别为27、26例,治疗组给予帕罗西汀合并利培酮治疗,对照组单用帕罗西汀治疗,应用临床疗效标准及耶鲁布朗强迫量表(Y-BOCS)定期评定,观察12周。结果12周末时,治疗组的显效率及有效率分别为62.9%、85.2%,均高于对照组;在治疗后2、4、8、12周末时,两组Y-BOCS评分均显著降低,尤以治疗组明显,在治疗各时段Y-BOCS的减分率,治疗组均高于对照组。结论帕罗西汀合并利培酮联合治疗强迫症疗效优于单用帕罗西汀治疗,对于强迫症的治疗,小剂量利培酮不失为一种有效的增效剂。     

帕罗西汀单用与帕罗西汀合并喹硫平对强迫症疗效的对照研究

目的探讨帕罗西汀合并喹硫平治疗强迫症的疗效。方法50例强迫症患者随机分为帕罗西汀组和帕罗西汀合并喹硫平组,疗程8周。采用强迫症量表(Y-BOCS),汉密尔顿焦虑量表(HAMA),汉密尔顿抑郁量表(HAMD),评定疗效。结果治疗结束时两组Y-BOCS,HAMA,HAMD的评分均显著下降,而合并喹硫平组更明显。结论帕罗西汀合并喹硫平治疗强迫症可以提高疗效。     

Clomipramine treatment of childhood obsessive-compulsive disorder. A double-blind controlled study

Nineteen children (mean [+/- SD] age, 14.5 +/- 2.3 years) with severe, primary obsessive-compulsive disorder completed a ten-week, double-blind, controlled trial of clomipramine hydrochloride (mean dosage, 141 mg/day) or placebo, each of which was administered for five weeks. Half of the subjects had not responded to previous treatment with other tricyclic antidepressants. There was a significant improvement in observed and self-reported obsessions and compulsions that was independent of the presence of depressive symptoms at baseline. Improvement in obsessive-compulsive symptoms did not correlate significantly with plasma concentrations of the drug or its metabolites. Clomipramine appears to be effective in the treatment of children with obsessive-compulsive disorder and the treatment seems to be independent of an antidepressant effect.     

A double-blind combination study of clonazepam with sertraline in obsessive-compulsive disorder.

This double blind, randomized, parallel, placebo-controlled study investigates whether clonazepam accelerates and/ or increases the overall response in patients with obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) who are treated with sertraline. Thirty-seven patients were randomized with 20 in the sertraline and clonazepam group and 17 in the sertraline and placebo groups. Male and female outpatients, age 18-65 years, met criteria for a primary diagnosis of obsessive compulsive disorder according to DSM-IV, as determined by the structured clinical MINI interview. Appropriate safety and efficacy parameters were measured throughout the study. The determination of efficacy was based primarily on changes from baseline to the last observation taken through week 12. Analysis revealed no significant difference between groups at endpoint on the main scale.     

帕罗西汀与氯米帕明治疗难治性强迫症对照研究

目的：观察帕罗西汀和氯米帕明对难治性强迫症的疗效和不良反应。方法：对难治性强迫症患者60例,随机分为两组,分别用帕罗西汀和氯米帕明治疗8周。采用强迫症量表（Y-BOCS）和副反应量表（TESS）评价疗效及不良反应。结果：两药的总体疗效相仿。帕罗西汀对强迫行为疗效较好,不良反应小,尤其是心血管系统及抗胆碱能不良反应少。结论：帕罗西汀尤适用于以强迫行为为主的难治性强迫症患者。     

A double-blind, placebo-controlled study of risperidone addition in serotonin reuptake inhibitor-refractory obsessive-compulsive disorder

BACKGROUND: To date, only 1 controlled study has found a drug (haloperidol) to be efficacious in augmenting response in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) refractory to serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SRI) monotherapy; patients with comorbid chronic tic disorders showed a preferential response. This report describes the first controlled study of risperidone addition in patients with OCD refractory to treatment with SRI alone. METHODS: Seventy adult patients with a primary DSM-IV diagnosis of OCD received 12 weeks of treatment with an SRI. Thirty-six patients were refractory to the SRI and were randomized in a double-blind manner to 6 weeks of risperidone (n = 20) or placebo (n = 16) addition. Behavioral ratings, including the Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale, were obtained at baseline and throughout the trial. Placebo-treated patients subsequently received an identical open-label trial of risperidone addition. RESULTS: For study completers, 9 (50%) of 18 risperidone-treated patients were responders (mean daily dose, 2.2 +/-0.7 mg/d) compared with 0 of 15 in the placebo addition group (P<. 005). Seven (50%) of 14 patients who received open-label risperidone addition responded. Risperidone addition was superior to placebo in reducing OCD (P<.001), depressive (P<.001), and anxiety (P =.003) symptoms. There was no difference in response between OCD patients with and without comorbid diagnoses of chronic tic disorder or schizotypal personalty disorder. Other than mild, transient sedation, risperidone was well tolerated. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that OCD patients with and without comorbid chronic tic disorders or schizotypal personality disorder may respond to the addition of low-dose risperidone to ongoing SRI therapy.     

A double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of clonazepam in obsessive-compulsive disorder.

Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are currently the first-line pharmacological agents in treating obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). Appropriate treatment for OCD also involves cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT), including exposure and response prevention. As there is a time delay in seeing full therapeutic response, and not all patients tolerate SSRIs, there remains an unmet need for additional treatment approaches in OCD. In addition, most responders report only a partial reduction in symptoms. Clonazepam has demonstrated effectiveness in several preliminary reports in treating OCD. Twenty-seven patients with OCD were entered into a 10 week, double-blind, parallel design trial of clonazepam vs. placebo. Overall, only 3 out of 25 patients who had >/= 1 rating on clonazepam/placebo were judged to be treatment responders, by scoring a 1 (very much improved) or 2 (much improved) on the CGI improvement scale. Responders included 2 of 9 in the placebo group and 1 of 16 in the clonazepam group. No significant difference was found between clonazepam and placebo groups on responder/non responder status (Chi(2 )=1.39, df =1,24, p=0.238), nor on change in YBOCS, Ham-A, Ham-D or NIMH scales from beginning to last evaluation carried forward. These findings suggest that clonazepam is not effective as monotherapy in treating OCD. Its effectiveness in specific subgroups of OCD patients with co-morbid anxiety disorders or as an augmentation strategy added to SSRIs remains to be determined.     

A family study of obsessive-compulsive disorder

BACKGROUND: The causes of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) are as yet unknown. Evidence of familial aggregation is one approach for investigating the role of genetics in the etiology of this condition. The current study was conducted to determine ifOCD is familial and to investigate possible familial subtypes. METHODS: Eighty case probands were identified in 5 specialty OCD clinics and 73 community control probands were identified by random-digit dialing. These probands and their first-degree relatives (343 case and 300 control relatives) were blinded to group and evaluated by psychiatrists and doctoral-level clinical psychologists using semistructured instruments. Final diagnoses were assigned by a blinded-consensus procedure. The results were analyzed using logistic regression by the method of generalized estimating equations. RESULTS: The lifetime prevalence of OCD was significantly higher in case compared with control relatives (11.7% vs 2.7%) (P<.001). Case relatives had higher rates of both obsessions and compulsions; however, this finding is more robust for obsessions. Age at onset of obsessive-compulsive symptoms in the case proband was strongly related to familiality (odds ratio, 0.92; confidence interval, 0.85-0.99) (P = .05); no case of OCD symptoms was detected in the relatives of probands whose age at onset of symptoms was 18 years or older. Probands with tics or obsessive-compulsive personality disorder were not more likely to have relatives with OCD than those without these features. CONCLUSIONS: Obsessive-compulsive disorder is a familial disorder. Obsessions are more specific to the phenotype than are compulsions. Age at onset of OCD is valuable in characterizing a familial subtype.     

文拉法辛与帕罗西汀治疗首发抑郁症对照研究

目的:评价文拉法辛与帕罗西汀治疗首发抑郁症的疗效、生存质量与不良反应. 方法:106例首发抑郁症患者随机平分为文拉法辛组和帕罗西汀组,每组53例.两组分别给予文拉法辛与帕罗西汀治疗,疗程8周.采用汉密尔顿抑郁量表(HAMD)、健康状况问卷(SF-36)及治疗中出现的症状量表(TESS)评定疗效、生存质量及不良反应. 结果:治疗后两组HAMD评分均较治疗前有显著降低(P<0.01);治疗2周,以文拉法辛组显著较低(P<0.01);两组中的重度抑郁患者(HAMD>24分)治疗后HAMD评分仍以文拉法辛组显著为低(P<0.01);治疗8周,两组SF-36总分及各因子分均显著高于治疗前(P<0.01);但两组间比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05). 结论:文拉法辛能显著改善患者的生存质量,起效快,对重度抑郁症的疗效明显.     

Efficacy of fluvoxamine in obsessive-compulsive disorder. A double-blind comparison with placebo

A six- to eight-week double-blind placebo-controlled trial of the potent and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor fluvoxamine was conducted in 42 patients with primary obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). Approximately one half of the patients also had symptoms of major depression. Fluvoxamine was significantly better than placebo on all measures of obsessive-compulsive symptoms. Nine of 21 patients were responders ("much improved") with fluvoxamine compared with no responders with placebo, and fluvoxamine was effective in patients with OCD both with and without secondary depression. Response of OCD was not correlated with severity of baseline depression. These data lend partial support to the serotonin hypothesis of OCD. However, since a number of patients failed to respond to fluvoxamine, the role of other neurochemical systems in this disorder needs to be explored.     

文拉法辛、帕罗西汀及氯米帕明治疗躯体化障碍患者的对照研究

躯体化障碍的药物治疗报道较少。我们用3种不同作用机制的药物（氯米帕明、帕罗西汀或文拉法辛）,观察不同药物治疗躯体化障碍的疗效及安全性。     

Perospirone augmentation of paroxetine in treatment of refractory obsessive-compulsive disorder with depression

Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is often complicated by depression. We report on a patient with treatment-refractory OCD and treatment-refractory major depression who demonstrated a robust response to augmentation of paroxetine with perospirone. Perospirone is a second-generation antipsychotic agent with antagonist effects on both serotonin 5-HT(2A) and dopamine D(2) receptors, as well as a unique agonist effects on serotonin 5-HT(1A) receptors. Future studies would be valuable to elucidate the utility of augmentation therapy of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors with perospirone in the treatment of refractory OCD with depression.     

利培酮合并帕罗西汀治疗强迫症疗效分析

目的：探讨利培酮合并帕罗西汀治疗强迫症的疗效。方法：40例强迫症患者随机分为利培酮合并帕罗西汀组和帕罗西汀组,治疗8周。采用强迫症量表(Y-BOCS)、汉密尔顿焦虑量表(HAMA)、汉密尔顿抑郁量表(HAMD)评定疗效。结果：治疗结束时两组Y-BOCs、HAMA、HAMD的评分均显著降低,更以合用利培酮组明显。结论：利培酮合并帕罗西汀治疗强迫症可以增加疗效。