低强度He－Ne激光血管内照射对冠心病患者血小板活性的影响

为探讨低强度Ｈｅ－Ｎｅ激光血管内照射（简称ＩＬＬＬＩ）在临床应用上的理论根据，对６０例不同类型冠心病（ＣＨＤ）患者进行低强度Ｈｅ－Ｎｅ激光血管内照射，观察反映血小板功能指标的血浆血栓素Ｂ２（ＴＸＢ２）、ＴＸＢ２／６－酮前列腺素Ｆ１α（ＴＸＢ２／６－ｋｅｔｏ－ＰＧＦ１α）和血小板膜颗粒糖蛋白（ＧＭＰ－１４０）的变化，并将同期口服阿司匹林治疗的１８例急性心肌梗塞（ＡＭＩ）患者的诸指标与其比较，结果显示ＩＬＬＬＩ治疗后ＡＭＩ组和不稳定性心绞痛组的血浆ＴＸＢ２／６－ｋｅｔｏ－ＰＧＦ１α及ＧＭＰ－１４０均显著降低，而阿司匹林治疗的ＡＭＩ患者血浆ＴＸＢ２及ＴＸＢ２／６－ｋｅｔｏ－ＰＧＦ１α虽也下降，但ＧＭＰ－１４０无明显变化，提示ＩＬＬＬＩ抑制血小板活化的功能超过阿司匹林。     

蛛网膜下腔药物灌注治疗对脊髓损伤后TXA2／PGI2变化的影响

目的：研究蛛网膜下腔灌注地塞米松和维拉帕米对脊髓损伤（ＳＣＩ）后血栓素Ａ２（ＴＸＡ２）和前列腺素（ＰＧＩ２）变化的影响．方法：用Ａｌｅｎ法制作ＳＣＩ模型，放免法检测脊髓打击部位的ＴＸＢ２和６－酮－前列腺素Ｆ１α（６－Ｋｅｔｏ－ＰＧＦ１α）含量，同时行病理学检查．结果：药物灌注治疗显著降低了血栓素Ｂ２（ＴＸＢ２）含量和ＴＸＢ２／６－Ｋｅｔｏ－ＰＧＦ１α比值，使６－Ｋｅｔｏ－ＰＧＦ１α含量相对升高，并减轻了脊髓损伤程度．结论：蛛网膜下腔灌注地塞米松和维拉帕米治疗具有防止ＳＣＩ后ＴＸＡ２／ＰＧＩ２平衡紊乱作用，从而改善脊髓血流，促进神经功能的恢复．     

冻伤大鼠血浆中前列环素与血栓素含量的变化

报道了冻伤对大鼠血浆中前列环素和血栓素（ＴＸＡ２）的代谢产物６－ｋｅｔｏ－ＰＧＦ１α（Ｐ）和ＴＸＢ２（Ｔ）含量的影响。冻伤后大鼠血浆中６－ｋｅｔｏ－ＰＧＦ１α和ＴＸＢ２含量均发生明显改变，其改变程度与冻伤程度有密切关系；重度冻伤组直至冻后７ｄ，血浆中Ｔ／Ｐ比值仍显著高于正常对照组。表明冻伤可使血管内皮细胞和血小板的正常生理功能受到影响，血浆液固性增加导致血液循环障碍最终引起局部组织坏死。     

血栓素、前列环素与运动后蛋白尿生成机制的实验研究

以大鼠为实验对象，测定安静时、大强度间歇负重游泳运动后即刻及运动后休息４５分钟时血浆血栓烷Ｂ_２（ＴＸＢ_２）、６－酮－前列腺素Ｆ_（１２）（６－ｋｅｔｏ－ＰＧＦ_（１２））的浓度变化及尿总蛋白（ＴＰ）、白蛋白（Ａｌｂ）、β_２微球蛋白（β_２－ｍＧ）排泄率变化，以期为运动后蛋白尿的生成机制提供实验材料。结果表明：运动后即刻血浆ＴＸＢ_２、６－ｋｅｔｏ－ＰＧＦ_（１２）明显高于对照组（Ｐ＜０．０５；Ｐ＜０．０１），尿ＴＰ、Ａｌｂ、β_２－ｍＧ排泄率也呈非常显著的升高。运动后休息４５分钟时血浆ＴＸＢ_２及尿ＴＰ、Ａｌｂ、β_２－ｍＧ均呈不同程度的减少。相关分析表明ＴＸＢ_２、ＴＸＢ_２／６－ｋｅｔｏ－ＰＧＦ_（１２）比值与尿ＴＰ、Ａｌｂ、β_２－ｍＧ之间呈高度正相关；虽然６－ｋｅｔｏ－ＰＧＦ_（１２）与尿ＴＰ、Ａｌｂ、β_２－ｍＧ之间呈负相关，但无明显统计意义（Ｐ＞０．０５）。提示血栓素，前列环素的变化可能是运动后蛋白尿生成机制中的一个重要因素。     

运动病大鼠血浆前列腺素测定和小脑Na~ -K~ -ATP酶图像定量分析(论著)

目的：研究运动病大鼠血浆ＴＸＢ２、６－ｋｅｔｏ－ＰＧＦ１α与毛细血管内皮细胞Ｎａ＋－Ｋ＋－ＡＴＰ酶的变化规律及其内在联系，探讨运动病发生的机理。方法：采用放射免疫方法和图像分析系统，对运动病大鼠血浆ＴＸＢ２、６－ｋｅｔｏ－ＰＧＦ１α和小脑毛细血管内皮细胞Ｎａ＋－Ｋ＋－ＡＴＰ酶进行自动检测和定量分析。结果：运动病组大鼠血浆ＴＸＢ２和６－ｋｅｔｏ－ＰＧＦ１α明显高于对照组（Ｐ＜０．０５或Ｐ＜０．０１），而小脑毛细血管内皮细胞Ｎａ＋－Ｋ＋－ＡＴＰ酶的活性则显著低于对照组（Ｐ＜０．０１）。结论：血浆中高浓度的ＴＸＢ２可能是运动病脑血管收缩，脑血流量减少的重要原因之一。脑内Ｎａ＋－Ｋ＋－ＡＴＰ酶活力降低既是脑组织缺血缺氧的结果，又是加重运动病脑血流障碍的继发性原因。     

高频喷射通气对海水淹溺肺水肿兔血气指标和前列腺素的影响

目的　观察高频喷射通气（ＨＦＪＶ）对海水淹溺肺水肿（ＰＥ－ＳＷＤ）兔血气指标和前列腺素的影响,探讨ＨＦＪＶ的治疗机制。方法　应用血气酸碱分析仪和ＸＨ－６０１０ 型γ放射免疫测定仪,对兔动脉血气酸碱６项指标和前列腺素２ 项参数进行自动检测和定量测量。结果　ＨＦＪＶ组ＰａＯ２ 、血氧饱和度（ＳＯ２ ）、ｐＨ、实际碳酸氢盐（ＡＢ）、碱剩余（ＢＥ）、和６－酮－前列腺素Ｆ１α（６－ｋｅｔｏ－ＰＧＦ１α）均比ＰＥ－ＳＷＤ组明显升高（Ｐ＜ ０．０１ 或Ｐ＜ ０．０５）,ＨＦＪＶ组血栓素Ｂ２（ＴＸＢ２ ）在灌海水后３０ 分钟迅速上升随后呈下降趋势。但每项指标均未能恢复到灌海水前的水平。ＰａＣＯ２ 两组之间无显著性差异。结论　ＨＦＪＶ能较好地改善低氧血症,提高血中６－ｋｅｔｏ－ＰＧＦ１α浓度,而高浓度６－ｋｅｔｏ－ＰＧＦ１α具有支气管平滑肌松弛效应,对ＰａＯ２ 的回升有促进作用。     

绵羊海水溺水模型血浆前列腺素与低氧血症的关系

对绵羊实验性海水溺水不同时期动脉血浆血栓素Ｂ２（ＴＸＢ２）、６－酮－前列腺素Ｆ（１α）６－ｋｅｔｏ－ＰＧＦ（１α））和ＰａＯ２进行了测定分析。结果表明：ＰａＯ２随血浆６－ｋｅｔｏ－ＰＧＦ（１α）的升高和ＴＸＢ２的降低而呈回升趋势，并且后两项指标的最高值均出现在ＰａＯ２最低值之后。作者认为，溺水性缺氧是血浆６－ｋｅｔｏ－ＰＧＦ（１α）和ＴＸＢ２升高的原因，而高浓度的６－ｋｅｔｏ－ＰＧＦ（１α）。具有支气管平滑肌松驰和血管扩张的保护效应，对ＰａＯ２的回升有促进作用。     

胸部撞击致肺损伤及动脉血浆血栓素A2和前列环素的改变

通过胸部撞击导致肺损伤，并检测动脉血浆血栓素Ｂ２（ＴＸＢ２）和６－酮－前列腺素Ｆ１α（６－酮－ＰＧＦ１α）、探讨在胸部撞击致肺损伤进血栓素Ａ２（ＴＸＡ２）－前列环素（ＰＧＩ２）作用。结果显示，胸部撞击可致肺间质及肺泡腔内水肿充血，肺泡隔变薄，破坏；撞击后３０ｈ，ＴＸＢ２及ＴＸＢ２／６－酮－ＰＧＦ１α升至高峰，撞击后４８ｈ，６－酮－ＰＧＦ１α升至高峰。说明胸部撞击后产生肺水肿出血可导致急性呼吸窘迫综     

肺心病患者血浆中栓素B2,6—酮—前列素F1a,环磷腺苷,环磷鸟…

对３０例慢性肺心病患者观察血浆中血栓素Ｂ２（ＴＸＢ２）、６－酮－前列腺素Ｆ１ａ（６－ＫＰＧＦ１ａ）、环磷腺苷（ｃＡＭＰ）、环磷鸟苷（ｃＧＭＰ）与血流动力学、缺氧的变化及用消心痛治疗后的关系。结果：（１）慢性肺心病患者血浆ＴＸＢ２水平明显高于健康对照组，血浆６－ＫＰＧＦ１ａ水平明显低于对照组；肺动脉平均压（Ｐｐａ）与６－ＫＰＧＦ１ａ呈负相关，Ｐｐａ与ＴＸＢ２、ＴＸＢ２／６－ＫＰＧＦ１ａ呈正相关。（２     

低强度He—Ne激光血管内照射对冠心病患者血小板活性的影响

为探讨低强度Ｈｅ－Ｎｅ激光务管内照射在临床应用上的理论根据，对６０例不同类型冠心病患者进行低强度Ｈｅ－Ｎｅ激光血管内照射，观察反映血小板功能指标的血浆血栓素Ｂ２９ＴＸＢ２），ＴＸＢ２／６－酮前列腺素Ｆ１α（ＴＸＢ２／６－ｋｅｔｏ－ＰＧＦ１）和血小板膜颗粒糖蛋白的变化，并将同期口服阿司匹林治疗的１８例急性心肌梗塞患者的诸指标与其比较，结果显示ＩＬＬＬＩ治疗后，ＡＭＩ组和不稳定性心绞痛组的血浆ＴＸＢ２     

Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) - validation of a Swedish version

The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) is a self-administered instrument measuring outcome after knee injury at impairment, disability, and handicap level in five subscales. Reliability, validity, and responsiveness of a Swedish version was assessed in 142 patients who underwent arthroscopy because of injury to the menisci, anterior cruciate ligament, or cartilage of the knee. The clinimetric properties were found to be good and comparable to the American version of the KOOS. Comparison to the Short Form-36 and the Lysholm knee scoring scale revealed expected correlations and construct validity. Item by item, symptoms and functional limitations were compared between diagnostic groups. High responsiveness was found three months after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy for all subscales but Activities of Daily Living.     

The acutely limping child

Acute limping may be the result of multiple pathologies in children. The differential diagnosis varies based on the age of the child. Irrespective of age, the initial imaging work-up includes AP and frog leg radiographs of the pelvis and ultrasound; MRI may sometimes be helpful. In children less than 3 years, infections and trauma are most frequent. MRI is the imaging modality of choice when osteomyelitis is clinically suspected. Between the ages of 3 and 10 years, transient synovitis of the hip and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease are main considerations but infection, inflammation and focal bony lesions are also considered. In children over 10 years, slipped capital femoral epiphysis also is considered.     

Do Balance Board Training Programs Reduce the Risk of Ankle Sprains in Athletes?

Introduction Ankle sprains are the most common musculo-skeletal injury that occurs in athletes,particularly in sports that require jumping and landing on one foot such as soccer,and basketball(1-4).These injuries often result in significant time loss from participation,long-term disability,and have a major impact on health care costs and resources(5-8).     

High Intensity Interval Training:New Insights

KEY POINTS ·High-intensity interval training(HIT)is characterized by repeated sessions of relatively brief，intermittent exercise.often performed with an“a11 out”effort or at an intensity close to that which elicits peak oxygen uptake(i.e.，≥90%of VO2 peak).     

Endovascular management of carotid-cavernous fistulas

Objective To investigate endovascular treatment of traumatic direct carotid-cavernous fistulas （CCF） and their complications such as pseudoaneurysms. Methods： Over a five-year period, 22 patients with traumatic direct CCFs were treated endovascularly in our institution. Thirteen patients were treated once with the result of CCF occluded, 8 twice and 1 three times. Treatment modalities included balloon occlusion of the CCF, sacrifice of the ipsilateral internal carotid artery with detachable balloon, coll embolization of the cavernous sinus and secondary pseudoaneurysms, and covered-stem management of the pseudoaneurysms. Results All the direct CCFs were successfully managed endovascularly. Four patients developed a pseudoaneurysm after the occlusion of the CCF with an incidence of pseudoaneurysm formation of 18.2% （4/22）. A total number of 8 patients experienced permanent occlusion of the ICA with a rate of ICA occlusion reaching 36.4% （8/22）. Followed up through telephone consultation from 6 months to 5 years, all did well with no recurrence of CCF symptoms and signs. Conclusion Traumatic direct CCFs can be successfully managed with endovascular means. The pseudoaneurysms secondary to the occlusion of the CCFs can be occluded with stent-assisted coiling and implantation of covered stents.     

Developmental validation of the PowerPlex(®) ESI 16 and PowerPlex(®) ESI 17 Systems: STR multiplexes for the new European standard

In response to the ENFSI and EDNAP groups’ call for new STR multiplexes for Europe, Promega^® developed a suite of four new DNA profiling kits. This paper describes the developmental validation study performed on the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 (European Standard Investigator 16) and the PowerPlex^® ESI 17 Systems. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System combines the 11 loci compatible with the UK National DNA Database^®, contained within the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® PCR Amplification Kit, with five additional loci: D2S441, D10S1248, D22S1045, D1S1656 and D12S391. The multiplex was designed to reduce the amplicon size of the loci found in the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. This design facilitates increased robustness and amplification success for the loci used in the national DNA databases created in many countries, when analyzing degraded DNA samples. The PowerPlex^® ESI 17 System amplifies the same loci as the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System, but with the addition of a primer pair for the SE33 locus. Tests were designed to address the developmental validation guidelines issued by the Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods (SWGDAM), and those of the DNA Advisory Board (DAB). Samples processed include DNA mixtures, PCR reactions spiked with inhibitors, a sensitivity series, and 306 United Kingdom donor samples to determine concordance with data generated with the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. Allele frequencies from 242 white Caucasian samples collected in the United Kingdom are also presented. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 and ESI 17 Systems are robust and sensitive tools, suitable for the analysis of forensic DNA samples. Full profiles were routinely observed with 62.5 pg of a fully heterozygous single source DNA template. This high level of sensitivity was found to impact on mixture analyses, where 54–86% of unique minor contributor alleles were routinely observed in a 1:19 mixture ratio. Improved sensitivity combined with the robustness afforded by smaller amplicons has substantially improved the quantity of data obtained from degraded samples, and the improved chemistry confers exceptional tolerance to high levels of laboratory prepared inhibitors.     

Bronchial stump fistula :treatment with covered retrievable hinged metallic stents-preliminary clinical experience

Objective To evaluate the preliminaily clinical efficacy and retrievability of a retrievable hinged covered metallic stent in the treatment of the bronchial stump fistula （BSF）. Methods Between April 2003 and March 2005, 8 patients with bronchial stump fistula after pneumonectomy or lobectomy were treated with two types （A and B） of retrievable hinged covered metallic stents. Type A stent was placed in 6 patients and type B in 2 under fluoroscopic guidance. The stent was removed with a retrieval set when BSF was healed or complications occurred. Results Stent placement in the bronchial tree was technically successful in all patients, without procedure-related complications. Immediate closure of the BSF was achieved in all patients after the procedure. Stents were removed from all patients but one. Removal of the stents was difficult in two patients due to tissue hyperplasia. Patients were followed up for 6 - 21 months. Placement of the stents remained stable in all patients except one due to severe cough. Permanent closure of BSF was achieved in 7 （87.5%） of 8 patients. Conclusion Use of a retrievable hinged covered expandable metallic stent is a simple, safe, and effective procedure for closure of the BSF. Retrieval of the stent seems to be feasible. （J Intervent Radiol, 2007, 16： 253-257）     

Prevalence and severity of hip and groin pain in sub‐elite male football: a cross‐sectional cohort study of 695 players

The purpose of this study was twofold: (a) to investigate the prevalence of hip and groin pain in sub‐elite male adult football in Denmark and (b) to explore the association between prevalence and duration of hip and groin pain in the previous season with the Copenhagen Hip and Groin Outcome Score (HAGOS) in the beginning of the new season. In total 695 respondents from 40 teams (Division 1–4) were included. Players completed in the beginning of the new season (July–Sept 2011) a self‐reported paper questionnaire on hip and/or groin pain during the previous season and HAGOS. In total 49% (95% CI: 45–52%) reported hip and/or groin pain during the previous season. Of these, 31% (95% CI: 26–36%) reported pain for >6 weeks. Players with the longest duration of pain during the previous season had the lowest HAGOS scores, when assessed at the beginning of the new season, P < 0.001. This study documents that half of sub‐elite male adult football players report pain in the hip and/or groin during a football season. The football players with the longest duration of pain in previous season displayed the lowest HAGOS scores in the beginning of the new season.