血红素氧合酶-1与肝脏缺血再灌注

血红素氧合酶(HO)是催化分解血红素生成一氧化碳、胆绿素和二价铁离子的限速酶。近来研究发现,HO-1与肝脏缺血再灌注损伤关系密切,此文从HO-1抗氧化、抗凋亡、抗炎症、改善微循环方面概述其与肝脏缺血再灌注的关系。     

血红素氧合酶-1抗肺缺血再灌注损伤的进展

HO同功酶有HO-1、HO-2和HO-3。其中HO-1可被许多刺激因素所诱导，具有分解血红素的基本功能及内源性抗氧化应激的细胞保护作用。而肺缺血再灌注损伤近年来广泛受到关注，本文在阐述HO-1的诱导、功能等基础上，对HO-1抗肺缺血再灌注损伤的进展作一综述。     

EGb761诱导血红素加氧酶-1在肺缺血再灌注损伤中的抗凋亡作用

目的 探讨银杏叶提取物EGb761诱导血红素加氧酶-1(HO-1)在肺缺血再灌注损伤中的抗凋亡作用.方法 40只健康SD大鼠随机分为4组:对照组(Sham组,不阻断右肺门)、缺血/再灌注组(I/R组,阻断右肺门30 min再灌注2 h),EGb761组(术前给予EGb761腹腔注射)、锌原卟啉组(Znppix组,术前给予EGb761及术中给予HO-1抑制剂Znppix干预).采用蛋白免疫印迹法(Western blot)检测肺组织HO-1蛋白、磷酸化JNK蛋白及Bcl-2蛋白表达;DNA原位末端标记(TUNEL)法测定肺组织细胞凋亡指数.结果 EGb761组HO-1表达灰度比值较I/R组与Sham组均升高(3.257±0.432 vs 1.329±0.310、0.187±0.101,P<0.05).磷酸化JNK1、磷酸化JNK2、Bcl-2蛋白表达灰度比值与细胞凋亡指数在I/R组、EGb761组、Znppix组分别为1.897±0.354、1.674±0.273、0.420±0.093与(14.91±0.49)%,0.681±0.131、0.715±0.116、1.384±0.190与(7.48±0.72)%,1.031±0.201、0.965±0.167、0.621±0.114与(9.01 =0.65)%.与I/R组比较,EGb761组磷酸化JNK蛋白表达下降,Bcl-2蛋白表达增加,细胞凋亡指数下降(P值均<0.05).与EGb761组比较,Znppix组磷酸化JNK蛋白表达增高,Bcl-2蛋白表达下降,细胞凋亡指数增高(P值均<0.05).结论 银杏叶提取物EGb761可诱导HO-1表达,进一步通过抑制JNK蛋白激酶活性及促进Bcl-2表达而在肺缺血再灌注损伤中发挥抗凋亡作用.     

纳洛酮对脑局灶性缺血-再灌注大鼠血红素加氧酶-1表达的影响

目的探讨大鼠局灶性脑缺血再灌注后血红素加氧酶1(HO1)蛋白在缺血灶周围区的表达和纳洛酮干预后的影响。方法SD大鼠45只,随机分为三组:即假手术组、缺血再灌注组及纳洛酮组,每组15只。采用线栓法制作大鼠大脑中动脉闭塞(MCAO)局灶性脑缺血再灌注模型,在插入栓线及抽出线栓成功再灌注后,分别给予纳洛酮组大鼠腹腔注射纳洛酮3mg/kg(总量6mg/kg),假手术组及缺血再灌注组腹腔注射等量等渗盐水。以免疫组化法检测HO1的表达,原位末端脱氧核苷酸转移酶标记(TUNEL)法观察脑细胞凋亡细胞数。结果每个高倍视野下,缺血再灌注组HO1阳性细胞数与假手术组相比明显增多,平均为(51.6±10.8)个对(9.8±2.8)个,P<0.05;纳洛酮组与缺血再灌注组比较,缺血灶周围区HO1阳性细胞数平均为(63.5±10.0)个对(51.6±10.8)个,P<0.05。纳洛酮组TUNEL阳性细胞数显著低于缺血再灌注组[(20.5±3.5)个对(29.8±4.0)个],但高于假手术组[平均为(4.2±2.0)个],组间比较,差异有显著性(P<0.05)。结论纳洛酮可减少MCAO局灶性脑缺血再灌注导致的神经细胞凋亡,其机制可能与纳洛酮增加HO1的表达有关。     

血红素氧合酶-1抗肺缺血再灌注损伤的进展

HO同功酶有HO 1、HO 2和HO 3。其中HO 1可被许多刺激因素所诱导 ,具有分解血红素的基本功能及内源性抗氧化应激的细胞保护作用。而肺缺血再灌注损伤近年来广泛受到关注 ,本文在阐述HO 1的诱导、功能等基础上 ,对HO 1抗肺缺血再灌注损伤的进展作一综述     

1,6-二磷酸果糖在肝脏缺血再灌注损伤治疗中的作用

1998年1月至2002年12月,我们选择外伤性肝破裂手术中需要行肝门阻断的患者16例,应用1,6-二磷酸果糖(FDP)进行抗肝脏缺血再灌注(I／R)损伤的治疗,效果显著。现报告如下。     

血红素氧合酶对大鼠肝脏缺血再灌注损伤的保护作用

血红素氧合酶(HO)是血红素降解的起始酶和限速酶,能在体内分解血红素生成一氧化碳(CO)、胆绿素和游离铁.研究发现,HO对缺血再灌注损伤器官组织起保护作用[1].本研究旨在通过应用血红素氧合酶的诱导剂氯高铁血红素和抑制剂锌原卟啉(ZnPP)来研究HO对大鼠肝脏缺血再灌注(IR)损伤的影响及其可能机制.     

炎症反应在肝脏缺血再灌注损伤中的作用研究进展

缺血再灌注损伤（IRI）是肝外伤、肝切除、肝移植术后肝功能障碍、肝功能衰竭的一个关键因素。因此,减轻术中肝脏IRI有助于降低手术对肝功能的影响。近年来对肝脏IRI机制的深入研究显示,肝脏IRI以一系列炎症反应为特点。现将炎症反应在肝脏IRI发生、发展中的作用及机制综述如下。     

肝脏缺血再灌注损伤与钙超载

肝脏缺血再灌注损伤是临床上常见的病理过程,其发生机制与细胞内钙超载有关.钙超载的发生与胞质膜裂隙作用、Na /Ca2 交换、Ca2 -ATP酶活性下降、线粒体功能障碍以及氧自由基有关.钙超载防治措施包括:线粒体ATP敏感的K通道开放剂、麻醉荆、钙离子拮抗剂、线粒体通透性转换孔抑制剂和血红素氧合酶等.     

巨噬细胞极化在白藜芦醇抗大鼠肝脏缺血再灌注损伤中的作用

目的探讨巨噬细胞极化在白藜芦醇(Res)抗肝脏缺血-再灌注损伤(HIRI)中的作用。方法 24只雄性SD大鼠随机分为假手术组(S组)、缺血-再灌注组(I/R组)、Res后处理组(Res组),每组8只。建立急性HIRI模型,于再灌注6 h后收集动物血液和肝脏标本。检测血清谷丙转氨酶(ALT)、谷草转氨酶(AST)和碱性磷酸酶(AKP)及炎症因子白细胞介素(IL)-6、肿瘤坏死因子(TNF)-α、IL-10、转化生长因子(TGF)-β的浓度,采用Real-time PCR法检测肝脏组织TNF-α及IL-10 mRNA的表达情况,采用流式细胞术分析肝脏M1、M2型巨噬细胞分布情况。结果 Res后处理可以降低肝脏功能学指标ALT、AST、AKP的血清浓度;与I/R组比较,Res组IL-10和TGF-β含量升高,而IL-6和TNF-α含量降低,同时IL-10 mRNA表达量升高而TNF-α表达量下降;流式细胞分析结果显示Res后处理可以降低M1型巨噬细胞的比例,使巨噬细胞向M2型转化。结论 Res对HIRI的保护是通过调节巨噬细胞极化发挥作用的。     

Heme oxygenase-1 protects donor livers from ischemia/reperfusion injury:The role of Kupffer cells

AIM:To examine whether heme oxygenase (HO)-1 overexpression would exert direct or indirect effects on Kupffer cells activation, which lead to aggravation of reperfusion injury.METHODS: Donors were pretreated with cobalt protoporphyrin (CoPP) or zinc protoporphyrin (ZnPP), HO-1 inducer and antagonist, respectively. Livers were stored at 4℃ for 24 h before transplantation. Kupffer cells were isolated and cultured for 6 h after liver reperfusion.RESULTS: Postoperatively, serum transaminases were significantly ...     

Heme oxygenase-1 induction by hemin protects liver cells from ischemia/reperfusion injury in cirrhotic rats

AIM： To investigate the potential protective effect of HO-1 on cirrhotic liver cells in rats.
METHODS： Male Wistar rats included in the current study were randomly divided into 5 groups as follows： normal （N） group; liver cirrhotic （LC） group; sham （S） group; I/R group and I/R ＋ hemin group. The model for inducing liver cirrhosis in rats was established according to a previously published protocol. Following this the segmental hepatic ischemia reperfusion operation was carried out. The rats were treated with 30 l~mol/kg hemin （HO-1 inducer, ferric portoporphyrin IX chloride） i.p. or 0.9% NaCI （control） 24 h and 12 h before hepatic ischemia for 30 min or sham laparotomy. Blood was collected for serum enzymatic measurement 6 and 12 h after reperfusion or sham laparotomy. HO-1, NF-κB and caspase-3 expressions were assessed by immunohistochemical analysis.
RESULTS： The expressions of proteins are inversely correlated to the gray values. HO-1 expression in the I/R ＋ hemin group was increased significantly than I/R group at 6 h and 12 h after hepatic I/R （6 h： 112.0± 8.3 vs 125.1± 5.7, P 〈 0.01; 12 h： 120.8± 11.0 vs 132.4 ± 6.2, P 〈 0.01）. Hemin improved serum manganese superoxide dismutase （MnSOD） （6 h： 131.3 ± 17.6 vs 107.0 ± 13.9, P 〈 0.01; 12 h： 141.4 ：E 12.5 vs 118.3± 10.2, P 〈 0.01）, lessened liver cell injury, decreased caspase-3（6 h： 166.7 ± 8.1 vs 145.5 ± 14.6, P 〈 0.01; 12 h： 172.8± 3.8 vs 148.0 ±6.5, P 〈 0.01） and NF-κB expression （6 h： 150.2 ± 8.6 vs 139.7 ±6.0, P 〈 0.01; 12 h： 151.1 ± 5.9 vs 148.1± 5.3, P 〉 0.05） and serum alanine aminotransferase （ALT） （6 h： 413.3± 104.1 vs 626.8 ±208.2, P 〈 0.01; 12 h： 322.2 ± 98.8 vs 425.8 ± 115.4, P 〈 0.05）, aspartate aminotransferase （AST） （6 h： 665.2 ± 70.1 vs 864.3± 70.4, P 〈 0.01; 12 h： 531.1 ± 98.6 vs 664.4± 115.6, P 〈 0.01）, malondialdehyde （MDA） levels （6 h： 11.1 ± 2.17 vs 13.5 ±2.01, P 〈 0.01; 12 h： 9.36     

Heme oxygenase-1 alleviates ischemia／reperfusion injury in aged liver

AIM: To investigate if ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury in aged liver could be alleviated by heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1). METHODS: Three groups of SD rats (16 mo old) were studied. Group 1: control donors received physiological saline 24 h before their livers were harvested; group 2: donors were pretreated with hemih 24 h before their livers were harvested; and group 3: donors received hemin 24 h before their livers were harvested and zinc protoporphyrin (ZnPP, HO-1 inhibitor) was given to recipients at reperfusion. The harvested livers were stored in University of Wisconsin solution (4℃) for 6 h, and then transplanted to syngeneic rats. Serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT), apoptotic cells, and apoptotic gene were measured 3, 6, 12, 24, 48 h after reperfusion. We measured the apoptotic index by TUNEL, determined the expression of antiapoptotic Bcl-2 and proapoptotic (caspase-3) gene products by Western blot.. RESULTS: After 3, 6, 12, 24, and 48 h of reperfusion, the SGOT levels (584.4±85.8 u/L, 999.2±125.2 u/L, 423.4±161.3 u/L, 257.8±95.8 u/L, and 122.4±26.4 u/L) in hemin group were significantly (all P<0.05) lower than those in saline group (1082.2±101.2 u/L, 1775.2±328.3 u/L, 840.4±137.8 u/L, 448.6±74.3 u/L, and 306.2±49.3 u/L). Liver HO-1 enzymatic activity correlated with beneficial effects of hemin and deleterious effects of adjunctive ZnPP treatment. Markedly less apoptotic (TUNEL+) liver cells 3, 6,12, 24, and 48 h after reperfusion (5.16±0.73, 10.2±0.67, 9.28±0.78, 7.14±1.12, and 4.78±0.65) (P<0.05) could be detected in hemin liver grafts, as compared to controls (7.82±1.05, 15.94±1.82, 11.67±1.59, 8.28±1.09, and 6.36±0.67). We detected the increased levels of Bcl-2 (1.5-fold) expression and compared with saline controls. These differences were most pronounced at 12 h after transplantation. In contrast, an active form of proapoptotic caspase-3 (p20) protein was found to be 2.9-fold lower at 24 h in hemin-pretreated group, as compared to saline liver transplant controls. CONCLUSION: HO-1 overexpression can provide potent protection against cold I/R injury. This effect depends, at least in part, on HO-1-mediated inhibition of antiapoptotic mechanism.     

p38MAPK信号通路与肝缺血再灌注损伤的关系研究

p38MAPK通路参与诸如细胞氧化应激、细胞凋亡和炎症等多种生理和病理过程并在其中起着重要作用。肝缺血再灌注损伤(HIRI)是肝脏外科手术面临的一大难题,由于HIRI发病机制复杂,临床上尚未发现更好的应对HIRI的防治策略。本文就p38MAPK信号通路的主要功能及其在HIRI中的相关作用作一综述,以便为防治HIRI提供一个新的思路。     

Heme oxygenase-1 and gut ischemia/reperfusion injury: A short review

Ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury of the gut is a significant problem in a variety of clinical settings and is associated with a high morbidity and mortality. Although the mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of gut I/R injury have not been fully elucidated, it is generally believed that oxidative stress with subsequent inflammatory injury plays an important role. Heme oxygenase (HO) is the rate-limiting enzyme in the catabolism of heme, followed by production of CO, biliverdin, and free iron. The HO system is believed to confer cytoprotection by inhibiting inflammation, oxidation, and apoptosis, and maintaining microcirculation. HO-1, an inducible form of HO, serves a vital metabolic function as the rate-limiting step in the heme degradation pathway, and affords protection in models of intestinal I/R injury. HO-1 system is an important player in intestinal I/R injury condition, and may offer new targets for the management of this condition.