健身气功锻炼对老年人焦虑的影响

目的探讨健身气功锻炼对老年人焦虑的影响。方法健身气功组为长期参与健身气功锻炼的133例老年人;对照组为无健身气功锻炼经历或偶尔锻炼的108例老年人,采用状态-特质焦虑问卷,测查健身气功锻炼对老年人焦虑的影响。结果老年人长期参与健身气功锻炼能有效改善其焦虑状态,且改善程度受锻炼年限、锻炼频率、每次锻炼持续时间和锻炼形式的影响。结论长期有规律参与健身气功锻炼对老年人的焦虑状态有积极改善作用。     

健身气功锻炼对老年人幸福感的影响

目的研究健身气功锻炼对老年人幸福感的影响。方法采用《纽芬兰纪念大学幸福度量表》及一般情况调查表,对186名老年人24 w健身气功锻炼前后幸福度变化情况进行测量评价。结果 24 w健身气功锻炼能非常显著提高老年人幸福度得分,且不同锻炼周期影响程度不同,锻炼时间越长,改善效果越显著。结论健身气功锻炼能显著提高老年人的幸福感,是提升老年人幸福感的有效手段之一。     

健身气功易筋经对老年人自测健康水平的影响

目的研究健身气功易筋经锻炼对老年人自测健康水平的影响。方法采用许军等人编制的自测健康评定量表(SRHMS)对140名老年人为期12 w的健身气功易筋经锻炼前后自测健康水平变化情况进行测量评价。结果参与健身气功易筋经锻炼的老年人的生理健康、心理健康、社会健康及健康总分状况明显优于没有参与健身气功易筋经锻炼的老年人。结论健身气功易筋经对老年人自测健康有积极的影响,是提高自测健康水平的有效方式之一。     

健身气功锻炼对老年人人格与应对方式的影响

目的探讨健身气功锻炼对老年人人格和应对方式的影响。方法采用自编的一般人口学问卷、成人艾森克人格问卷和简易应对方式问卷对185名≥60岁的老年人24 w健身气功锻炼前后进行测查。结果 24 w健身气功锻炼对老年人人格影响具有统计学意义,且时间主效应也具有统计学意义(P<0.05);24 w健身气功锻炼对老年人应对方式也具有一定的改善作用,但差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论健身气功锻炼能优化老年人的人格特征。     

健身气功锻炼对老年人心境状态的影响

目的探讨健身气功锻炼对老年人心境状态的影响。方法选取江西省吉安市城区300名进行健身气功锻炼的老年人进行问卷调查,包括对其幸福感的各维度分析,对不同性别、年龄老年人受到的影响差异进行分析。结果老年人参与健身气功锻炼能有效改善心境状态,对不同性别锻炼者的心境状态的影响无明显差异,但对60～69岁老年人的影响明显大于75岁以上老年人。结论积极参与健身气功锻炼对老年人心境状态有着积极影响,值得在老年人群中广泛推广。     

医疗气功教授及练习体会

气功是调身、调息、调心三调融为一体的心身锻炼技能〔1〕。医疗气功是将气功用于养生及医疗活动的一门技术。医疗气功最常用的养生治疗方法是患者自己练习功法达到养生及防治疾病的目的〔2〕,这是医疗气功与其他疗法最大的不同之处。老年人后天精气神逐渐不足,各项身体机能逐渐减退,属于慢性病的多发人群。老年人有大量的业余时间可以进行这种主动性的自我养生锻炼活动,医疗气功练习对于老年人是方便经     

健身气功·导引养生功运动对老年人生命质量的影响

目的探讨健身气功·导引养生功运动对老年人生命质量水平的影响。方法从苏州市相城区武术协会和老年人体育协会选取385名老年人发放一般情况调查表和生命质量量表(SF-36)进行测量,包括躯体功能、社会功能、心理健康和生命力等9个维度。从中选取健身气功·导引养生功锻炼每周至少2次,持续3个月以上,且不参加其他体育项目锻炼的老年人为练习组;选取无健身气功·导引养生功及其他锻炼或有较少其他锻炼的老年人为对照组。结果健身气功·导引养生功练习组老年人的身体功能、躯体角色、总健康、生命力、社会功能、心理健康显著高于对照组(P<0.05);两组肌肉疼痛和情感角色差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论老年人通过健身气功·导引养生功的习练,能够使生命质量得到有效改善,在一定程度上缓解人口老龄化带来社会与经济压力,对于社会的长效、稳定发展具有重要的意义。     

健身气功对老年人认知功能的影响

目的探讨老年人锻炼健身气功对其认知能力的影响。方法通过认知功能量表和脚踏复用反应时测定仪综合评定老年人6个月锻炼健身气功前后认知功能的变化。结果除认知功能主观自评得分锻炼组主效应及交互作用无显著变化外(P0. 05),反应时、动作时和动作速度指标锻炼主效应及交互作用变化显著(P0. 05),组间各指标主效应均无显著变化(P0. 05);锻炼组不同时间点认知功能主观自评得分变化不显著(P0. 05),但反应时、动作时及动作速度等认知功能客观评价指标变化显著(P0. 05)。结论老年人锻炼健身气功对其认知功能具有积极影响,且随着锻炼周期的延长其锻炼效果越好。     

气功锻炼对老年人生理年龄和生理功能的影响

目的 探讨气功锻炼对老年人生理年龄和生理机能各项指标的影响.方法 对362名气功锻炼者和360名非气功锻炼者进行调查,观察身体形态学、生理学客观指标等的变化.结果 观察组的呼吸频率、心率、收缩压、反应时间低于观察组,而肺活量、最大摄氧量、每搏输出量、肌肉力量、神经肌肉协调性高于对照组,因而观察组的生理年龄低于对照组.结论 气功可以提高老年人呼吸系统、心血管系统、消化系统神经肌肉功能,使老年人生理年龄降低.     

不同类型有氧锻炼对中老年女性平衡能力的影响

目的比较不同有氧锻炼项目对中老年女性平衡能力的作用差异。方法问卷调查法筛选社区中老年女性中健步走、健身气功、健身舞和不锻炼四类人群,进行闭眼单脚站立、闭目原地踏步、靠墙半蹲、30 s坐站测试等平衡相关测试,并用平衡仪测量睁眼直立(NO)、闭眼直立(NC)、加垫睁眼直立(PO)、加垫闭眼直立(PC)状态下的稳定性指数(ST值)和体重分配指数(WDI)及整体反映跌倒风险的跌倒指数。结果闭眼单脚站立时间健身气功和健身舞组略高于健步走和不锻炼组;闭目原地踏步时间健身舞组略长,健身气功和不锻炼组相对较短;靠墙半蹲时间和30 s坐站次数,健身气功组显著优于其他3个组别。平衡仪测得的跌倒指数水平,健身舞组最低,健身气功组和健步走组次之,不锻炼组最高。ST值不锻炼组在所有姿势下均最高,提示稳定性最差;健身气功组在NO、PO姿势下ST水平最低;健身舞组在NC、PC姿势下ST水平最低。各组老年人在NO和NC姿势下可以保持WDI值在正常区间内;PO姿势下WDI值在除健身气功组外的其他组别均超出了正常区间,不锻炼组超出最多;PC姿势下不锻炼组超出正常区间,其他锻炼组均维持在正常区间。结论相较于不锻炼者,健步走、健身气功和健身舞均可以改善中老年女性的平衡能力。但健身气功和健身舞改善平衡能力的效果更好。     

The immunoneuroendocrine role of melatonin

Abstract: A tight, physiological link between the pineal gland and the immune system is emerging from a series of experimental studies. This link might reflect the evolutionary connection between self-recognition and reproduction. Pinealectomy or other experimental methods which inhibit melatonin synthesis and secretion induce a state of immunodepression which is counteracted by melatonin. In general, melatonin seems to have an immunoenhancing effect that is particularly apparent in immunodepressive states. The negative effect of acute stress or immunosuppressive pharmacological treatments on various immune parameters are counteracted by melatonin. It seems important to note that one of the main targets of melatonin is the thymus, i.e., the central organ of the immune system. The clinical use of melatonin as an immunotherapeutic agent seems promising in primary and secondary immunodeficiencies as well as in cancer immunotherapy. The immunoenhancing action of melatonin seems to be mediated by T-helper cell-derived opioid peptides as well as by lymphokines and, perhaps, by pituitary hormones. Melatonin-induced-immuno-opioids (MHO) and lymphokines imply the presence of specific binding sites or melatonin receptors on cells of the immune system. On the other hand, lymphokines such as -γ-interferon and interleukin-2 as well as thymic hormones can modulate the synthesis of melatonin in the pineal gland. The pineal gland might thus be viewed as the crux of a sophisticated immunoneuroendocrine network which functions as an unconscious, diffuse sensory organ.     

Changes in connexin43, the gap junction protein of astrocytes, during development of the rat pineal gland

Abstract: The abundance of gap junctions between rat pineal astrocytes formed by connexin43 (Cx43) was studied during development. Levels and distribution of Cx43 were measured by immunoblotting and indirect immunofluorescence, respectively. The amount of Cx43 in cells located within the gland was low until about the 7th postnatal day and increased to adult values between the 14th and 21st days postpartum. Although astrocytes, recognized by their vimentin immunoreactivity, were scarce before birth, they were abundant by the 7th postnatal day suggesting that the low levels of Cx43 found at this age corresponded to a low expression of this protein. Localization of the immunoreactivity to Cx43 and vimentin showed a close correlation, indicating that mature or immature pineal astrocytes form gap junctions made of Cx43. Since Cx43 levels attained their adult values at about the time the innervation and the functional state of the gland reached maturity (2–3 weeks after birth), it is proposed that astrocyte gap junctions are involved in the function of the adult rat pineal gland.     

Response of rat pineal melatonin to calcium, magnesium, and lithium is circadian stage dependent

Abstract: Herein we documented the response of pineal melatonin production to electrolytes known to be effective on pineal function in view of a possible circadian stage dependence. We studied the release of melatonin by perifused rat pineal glands at 2 different circadian stages corresponding to the middle of the light and dark periods, i.e., respectively, 7 and 19 HALO (Hours After Light Onset, L:D = 12:12). The initial efflux rates were, as expected, much higher in the perifusates of glands removed from rats sacrificed during the dark phase than of those removed during the light phase. After 3 hr of perifusion, melatonin release reached similar levels which were found constant up to the 8th hr of perifusion, whatever the circadian stage. Perifusion of the glands with physiological concentrations for the rat of calcium (5.2 mmol/1) and magnesium (1.34 mmol/1) resulted in a stimulatory effect on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed in the middle of the dark period (19 HALO), whereas no effects were observed on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed during the light (7 HALO). Lithium (0.28 and 0.55 mmol/1) was ineffective on melatonin release in pineal glands removed 7 and 19 HALO. Our results show differences in the initial efflux rates of melatonin and in the response of perifused pineal glands to calcium and magnesium according to the circadian stage.     

Conservative management of perforated duodenal diverticulum： A case report and review of the literature

Duodenal diverticula are a relatively common condition. They are asymptomatic, unless they become complicated, with perforation being the rarest but most severe complication. Surgical treatment is the most frequently performed approach. We report the case of a patient with a perforated duodenal diverticulum, which was diagnosed early and treated conservatively with antibiotics and percutaneous drainage of secondary retroperitoneal abscesses. We suggest this method could be an acceptable option for the management of similar cases, provided that the patient is in good general condition and without septic signs.     

Presence of immunoreactive growth hormone and prolactin in the ovine pineal gland

Abstract: The use of antisera raised against bovine growth hormone (GH) and ovine prolactin (PRL) enabled the detection of related immunoreactive (ir) sequences of proteins in ovine pineal tissue. The isolation of PRL-like ir-material was accomplished using a 0.25 M ammonium sulphate (pH 5.5) extraction followed by ethanol precipitation, whereas the resulting 2.0 M ammonium sulphate (pH 7.0) precipitate contained a GH-like immunoreactivity. Gel chromatography of the GH-like immunoreactivity (Sephadex G-100) indicated the presence of several GH-like fragments ranging in the M_r range of 7,000 to 55,000. Analyses of the PRL-like ir-material found in pineal tissue on HPLC using a TSK 545-DEAE column led to the resolution into a single peak of immunoreactivity. A single peak of activity was also observed following chromatofocusing and hydrophobic interaction chromatography of the ir-peak from the TSK 545-DEAE column. The PRL-like ir-material inhibited the binding of [¹²⁵I]ovine PRL-S14 to anti-ovine PRL antibodies without showing an affinity for binding to anti-rat PRL or anti-bovine GH antibodies. Scatchard analysis of the binding of pineal PRL-like ir-material and pituitary ovine PRL-S14 to liver membranes from day-20 pregnant rats revealed similar affinity constants (K_a of 4.7 ± 0.2 × 10⁹ M^-1). In addition, the replication of Nb 2 Node rat lymphoma cells was stimulated by pineal PRL-like ir-material, an effect known to be specific for lactogenic hormones. The pineal PRL-like immunoreactivity appeared on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels as a single major band of M_r 24,000. The functional status of PRL-and GH-like ir-material in the ovine pineal remains to be determined, but evidence is presented that the overall protein synthesis rate of the rat pineal responded to circulating concentrations of PRL.     

Microbiology of human immunodeficiency virus anorectal disease

PURPOSE: Individuals who are seropositive for the human immunodeficiency virus are at high risk for opportunistic infection and anorectal disorders. Little prospective information is available regarding anorectal pathogens in these patients. METHODS: One hundred sixty-three HIV-seropositive patients presented to the colorectal clinic between 1989 and 1992. Forty-seven (29 percent) patients were thought to have an infectious process and were prospectively studied using a standardized multiculture protocol. RESULTS: Mean age was 33 (range, 19–59) years. All were male; high-risk behavior accounted for 87 percent of HIV transmissions. Presenting complaints included anorectal pain (79 percent), pus per anum (28 percent), and blood per anum (26 percent). Examination revealed perianal tenderness (60 percent), condyloma (38 percent), perianal ulcers (38 percent), and anal fissures (34 percent). Sixty-six sets of cultures were performed; 28 patients had one set, 15 had two sets, and 4 had three sets. Thirty-two of these 47 patients (68 percent) had positive cultures including herpes (50 percent), cytomegalovirus (25 percent),Neisseria gonorrhoeae (16 percent), chlamydia (16 percent), acidfast bacilli (2 percent), and others (9 percent). Six of 32 patients with positive cultures had more than one organism cultured. Sixteen (50 percent) patients with positive cultures were treated medically, 8 (25 percent) were treated surgically and 8 (25 percent) were treated with both modalities. Sixty-one procedures were performed on 17 patients for condylomata. Eighteen patients had 20 procedures for abscesses, 50 percent of whom had positive cultures for other than common bowel flora; all improved. Fourteen patients underwent 33 procedures for perianal fistulas.Mycobacterium fortuitum was cultured from one patient who required 13 procedures for abscesses and fistulas. Forty-five (96 percent) patients were followed for an average of 12.5 months ±2.9 SEM (range, 1–94 months). Symptoms were improved or resolved in 22 of 32 (69 percent) patients with positive cultures and in 11 of 13 (84 percent) with negative cultures. CONCLUSIONS: Specific pathogens may often be identified in human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive patients with anorectal disorders if aggressively sought. Although patients without specific pathogens identified may be expected to improve with planned empiric treatment, positive identification allows more directed therapy.