血液指标对早产儿视网膜病变影响的研究进展

早产儿视网膜病变(ROP)是发生在早产儿的血管异常增生性视网膜病变，可导致视网膜脱离和失明。随着新生儿医学的进步，低出生体质量儿及低胎龄儿存活率的提高，ROP发病率越来越高，因此，研究ROP的发病机制及影响因素具有重要的临床意义。既往文献对ROP的危险因素研究较多，如胎龄、吸氧、分娩方式、新生儿支气管肺的发育不良、表面活性剂的使用等。目前，早产、低出生体质量、出生后高浓度吸氧是国内外普遍公认的ROP独立危险因素。近些年来，越来越多的学者发现患儿的血液指标异常可能与ROP发生发展有关，本文就血小板、血红蛋白、血糖、炎症细胞及血脂对ROP的影响进行综述，为ROP危险因素的识别和预防提供参考。     

早产儿视网膜病变的研究进展

早产儿视网膜病变(retinopathy of prematurity,ROP)是早产儿尤其是伴有低体重儿发生的一种视网膜毛细血管发育异常化的双侧性眼病,表现为视网膜缺血,新生血管形成和增生性视网膜病变,重症者可引起视网膜脱离而导致永久性失明。ROP已经成为我国儿童致盲的原因之一。本文着重阐述了早产儿视网膜病变的发病机制、诊断和治疗的最新进展。     

早产儿视网膜病变基础研究现状

早产儿视网膜病变（ROP）是儿童失明的主要原因之一，多种细胞 因子、蛋白质、酶和激酶等众多因素均可能不同程度参与了ROP的形成过程。对ROP发病机制及影响因素的基础研究，将有助于ROP发病机制的认识和理解并可能有助于寻找新的治疗靶点。     

早产儿视网膜病变研究进展

早产儿视网膜病变(retinopathy of prematurity,ROP)是早产儿尤其是伴有低体重儿发生的一种视网膜毛细血管发育异常化的双侧性眼病,表现为视网膜缺血、新生血管形成和增生性视网膜病变,重者可以引起视网膜脱离而导致永久性失明。近年来,随着围产医学的进步,早产儿成活率逐渐增加,相应ROP发生率也呈增加趋势。由于其后果严重,对患儿及其家庭造成巨大伤害,ROP也日益引起人们的重视。目前ROP的确切病因仍未明确,真正的发病机制尚不十分清楚,亦缺乏有效的预防措施。本文从ROP的发病因素、发病机制及干预措施三方面对其新近研究进展作一综述。     

秦皇岛地区早产儿视网膜病变筛查情况分析

目的分析秦皇岛地区早产儿视网膜病变(ROP)的发病情况。方法回顾性分析胎龄小于37周或体重低于2500g的616例早产儿Ret Cam III眼底筛查情况。结果 616例早产儿中,ROP的年发病率为7.63%,其中ROP3期以上的发病率为1.1%。结论秦皇岛地区早产儿视网膜病变的发病率与欧美国家、台湾及北京地区ROP发病率低。出生体重、胎龄为早产儿视网膜病变发生的重要危险因素。     

早产儿视网膜病变筛查阳性率变化趋势及影响因素分析

早产儿视网膜病变(ROP)是尚未发育成熟的早产儿视网膜在各种因素影响下发生的一种视网膜新生血管形成和纤维异常增生的视网膜增生性病变,可导致视力下降、视野缺损甚至失明[1].发达国家对ROP进行了深入和广泛的研究,使ROP发生率显著下降[2,3].目前我国ROP的筛查还处于探索阶段,对ROP的总体流行状况及发展趋势,尚未见系统性的研究报道.为此,我们对一组出生体重＜2000 g的早产儿和低体重儿ROP筛查阳性率的变化趋势及相关影响因素进行了分析.现将结果报道如下.     

早产儿视网膜病变危险因素研究新进展

早产儿视网膜病变（retinopathy of prematurity,ROP）是发生在早产儿眼部视网膜血管增生性疾病。ROP发病机制及危险因素复杂,除了出生孕周小及出生体质量低等公认的危险因素外,研究提出实验室指标包括血红蛋白、血小板、炎症及感染相关因子,以及最近研究较多的基因方面,包括血管内皮生长因子（VEGF）、内皮型一氧化氮合成酶（eNOS）、卷曲蛋白4、炎症相关基因多态性等因素均可能是其影响因素。本文就目前新提出的ROP危险因素和可能作用机制进行综述,以期早发现、早治疗,降低ROP的致盲率。     

早产儿视网膜病变发病情况分析

目的 分析早产儿视网膜病变(ROP)的发病情况.方法 回顾性分析2005年9月至2008年5月来就诊的胎龄小于36周、体重低于2500g的210例早产儿的眼底筛查情况及高危因素.结果 210例早产儿中,ROP的发生率为12.9%,其中ROP3期以上的发生率为3.8%;低孕周、低体重、出生后吸氧时间过长、严重的新生儿疾病的早产儿ROP发生率高;双生子ROP发生率(20.5%)高于单生子(10.8%),且ROP发生严重.结论 低孕周、低体重、出生后吸氧时间过长、患严重的新生儿疾病、非单生子等是引起早产儿视网膜病变的高危因素.     

早产儿视网膜病变发病机制及药物治疗的研究进展

早产儿视网膜病变(ROP)是发生于早产儿和低体重儿中的视网膜血管增生性病变,是儿童致盲的主要原因之一。研究ROP发生的危险因素、发病机制及药物干预治疗,对降低ROP的发生率和致盲率有着极其重要意义。近年来随着新生血管研究的深入,新生血管抑制剂用于预防及治疗ROP的研究也越来越多,本文拟对近年来有关ROP上述研究进展作一综述。     

早产儿视网膜病变2 203例筛查结果分析

目的：探讨早产儿视网膜病变(retinopathy of prematurity,ROP)的发病率和致病因素。

方法：采用Retcam Ⅲ数字广角小儿眼底成像系统对2015-01-15/2017-10-15在西北妇女儿童医院新生儿重症监护室(neonatal intensive care unit,NICU)收治及眼科门诊就诊的出生胎龄<37wk或出生体质量≤2 000g的2 203例早产儿进行眼底筛查,根据筛查结果计算ROP发病率,并分析致病因素。

结果：早产儿2 203例中,共检出ROP者367例(621眼),发病率为16.66%。符合《中国早产儿视网膜病变筛查指南(2014)》筛查标准的887例早产儿中检出ROP者236例(399眼),发病率26.61%,筛查标准之外的1 316例检出ROP者131例(222眼),发病率9.95%。ROP组与无ROP组两组分析,胎龄、出生体质量、吸氧、机械通气与ROP发病密切相关,人工受孕、剖宫产、性别、多胎、新生儿呼吸窘迫综合征、母亲孕期高血压、母亲孕期糖尿病、宫内感染、宫内窘迫、胎膜早破与ROP发病无关。ROP发病在不同胎龄组、不同出生体质量组、不同吸氧组之间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。Logistic回归分析显示,胎龄、出生体质量、吸氧、机械通气是ROP发生的独立危险因素。

结论：本研究中ROP发病率为16.66%,《中国早产儿视网膜病变筛查指南(2014)》筛查标准之外ROP仍占有一定比例。胎龄、出生体质量、吸氧、机械通气是ROP发病的高危因素。     

早产儿视网膜病变的筛查及其相关因素分析

目的　探讨发生早产儿视网膜病变(ROP)的全身高危因素。方法　对2002年7月1日至2003年6月30日在北京妇产医院出生的胎龄≤34周或体重≤2000g的早产儿进行眼部检查,并分析发生ROP的相关因素。结果　北京妇产医院98例早产儿中,有17例发生ROP,ROP发生率为17 .3%。出现阈值病变需进行激光治疗者4例(7只眼),占4. 1%。ROP组与正常眼底组早产儿在胎龄、出生体重、吸氧时间( >5d)和最高氧分压及发生败血症方面的差异均有统计学意义(均P<0. 05)。Logistic回归分析结果表明小胎龄、低出生体重等是发生ROP的基本因素,长时间吸氧是发生ROP的危险因素。结论　小胎龄、低出生体重、长时间吸氧等因素与ROP的发生有关。     

Retinopathy of prematurity: a review of risk factors and their clinical significance

Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is a retinal vasoproliferative disease that affects premature infants. Despite improvements in neonatal care and management guidelines, ROP remains a leading cause of childhood blindness worldwide. Current screening guidelines are primarily based on two risk factors: birth weight and gestational age; however, many investigators have suggested other risk factors, including maternal factors, prenatal and perinatal factors, demographics, medical interventions, comorbidities of prematurity, nutrition, and genetic factors. We review the existing literature addressing various possible ROP risk factors. Although there have been contradictory reports, and the risk may vary between different populations, understanding ROP risk factors is essential to develop predictive models, to gain insights into pathophysiology of retinal vascular diseases and diseases of prematurity, and to determine future directions in management of and research in ROP.     

Review of the Use of Digital Imaging in Retinopathy of Prematurity Screening

Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is a vision-threatening vasoproliferative condition of premature infants worldwide. As survival rates of younger and smaller infants improve, more babies are at risk for the development of ROP and blindness. Meanwhile, fewer ophthalmologists are available for bedside indirect ophthalmoscopy screening examinations. Remote digital imaging is a promising method with which to identify those infants with treatment-requiring or referral-warranted ROP quickly and accurately, and may help circumvent issues regarding the limited availability of ROP screening providers. The Retcam imaging system is the most common system for fundus photography, with which high-quality photographs can be obtained by trained non-physician personnel and evaluated by a remote expert. It has been shown to have high reliability and accuracy in detecting referral-warranted ROP, particularly at later postmenstrual ages. Additionally, the method is generally well received by parents and is highly cost-effective.     

Review of the use of digital imaging in retinopathy of prematurity screening

Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is a vision-threatening vasoproliferative condition of premature infants worldwide. As survival rates of younger and smaller infants improve, more babies are at risk for the development of ROP and blindness. Meanwhile, fewer ophthalmologists are available for bedside indirect ophthalmoscopy screening examinations. Remote digital imaging is a promising method with which to identify those infants with treatment-requiring or referral-warranted ROP quickly and accurately, and may help circumvent issues regarding the limited availability of ROP screening providers. The Retcam imaging system is the most common system for fundus photography, with which high-quality photographs can be obtained by trained non-physician personnel and evaluated by a remote expert. It has been shown to have high reliability and accuracy in detecting referral-warranted ROP, particularly at later postmenstrual ages. Additionally, the method is generally well received by parents and is highly cost-effective.     

重视早产儿视网膜病变的防治

早产儿视网膜病变(ROP)以往被称为“晶状体后纤维增生症”,是发生于早产儿和低体重儿中的视网膜血管增生性病变。ROP是发达国家儿童首位致盲原因。随着我国医疗水平的不断提高,围产医学有了较大的发展,各种生命支持系统的逐渐改进和完善,明显提高了早产儿的存活率,随之ROP发生率也相应上升,由此导致的盲童数量也不断增多,应当引起各级医疗单位的重视。因此,有必要就不同地区ROP发生率、ROP防治情况、早产儿视网膜血管发育特征、ROP患儿的视网膜组织学改变特点、ROP的国际分类及治疗时限等情况进行分析和评述。ROP发生率从某种程度上反映了国家对新生儿重症监护的救治水平和相关医疗法规健全情况。（中华眼科杂志,2005,41：289-291）     

未成熟儿视网膜病变危险因素分析

目的分析未成熟儿视网膜病变(retinopathy of     

早产儿视网膜病变治疗方法及疗效分析

早产儿视网膜病变(retinopathy of prematurity,ROP)曾称为晶状体后纤维增生症,是婴幼儿致盲的重要原因之一,常发生于有高浓度吸氧史的早产儿或发育迟缓的低体重儿。随着低体重新生儿治疗成活率的提高,ROP患儿亦日益增加。早发现、早治疗是避免ROP患儿发生视网膜脱离,视力永久丧失的重要手段,目前治疗方法主要有视网膜冷凝治疗、视网膜光凝治疗、巩膜扣带术、玻璃体切割手术治疗等方法,药物及基因疗法尚处于动物实验阶段。     

Risikofaktoren und Prävention der Retinopathia praematurorum

The history of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) gives a prime example of how dangerous the uncontrolled introduction of a new medical treatment – particularly in the field of neonatology – may be. The most important risk factors for the development of ROP are the immaturity of premature infants as well as uncontrolled and/or inadequate treatment with oxygen. In comparison to the fetus, the premature infant is exposed to a nonphysiologically high oxygen concentration. This hyperoxia leads to formation of aggressive oxygen radicals on the one hand and, on the other hand, to temporarily reduced production of growth factors such as vascular endothelial growth factor and erythropoietin, which both play an important role in the pathogenesis of ROP. The most important measure to prevent ROP is restrictive and carefully monitored oxygen treatment. Medical treatment to prevent ROP includes injection of D-penicillamine and retinol, but the available data are still limited, particularly with regard to the long-term effects of this treatment. A higher oxygenation in prethreshold ROP does not lead to recovery of ocular findings, but it increases the incidence of pulmonary complications. A reduction of light intensity in neonatal intensive care units proved not to be efficient for preventing ROP. To avoid blindness, standardized screening of the risk group is needed.     

The results of panphotocoagulation laser treatment in retinopathy of prematurity in the West Pomeranian Region in 2003-2005 years

PURPOSE: ROP--retinopathy of prematurity is a disease of the retina and the vitreous body of premature infants, especially born before 28 weeks of intrauterine life (71%), rare till 33 weeks of pregnancy (7.6%). The pathogenesis is involved with damage of immature vessels of the retina. The disease seems to self-regress in 80%. According to stage of changes of the retina there could be some complications of the organ of vision like: refractive errors, disturbances of eyeball movement, poor vision or even blindness (19.01%). ROP is now second (after atrophy of the optic nerve) cause of blindness in children (3). Aim of our study was the analysis of the results of laser-treatment in ROP in West Pomeranian region in years 2003-2005 and estimation of the risk factors of advanced stages of ROP. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Since January 2003 to June 2005 in Outpatients Clinic for Premature Infants of the Ophthalmology Department of The West Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin we have examined 708 children. 40 premature infants (78 eyes) were treated with panphotocoagulation of the retina because of advanced ROP We have used the Ocu-Lights SL laser, manufactured by Iris Medical. RESULTS: Laser treatment caused regression of ROP in 88.5% of children. In 11.5% the progression of ROP caused secondary retina detachment. CONCLUSIONS: Respiratory failure, anemia, infections and multi-organ inflammations increase the risk of ROP Good results of laser treatment depend of beginning of the therapy in the right stage of ROP On the final results of treatment could have got the influence both: immaturity of the child and the showed risk of factors.