“Tornado Roux-en-Y” anastomosis in laparoscopy-assisted distal gastrectomy

The use of laparoscopy-assisted distal gastrectomy has been gradually spreading and it has become one of the standard treatment options for early gastric cancer in Japan. But anastomotic problems are still frequent with this procedure, because of its technical difficulty. We have developed a simple, safe, and speedy Roux-en-Y anastomosis for use in laparoscopy-assisted distal gastrectomy. Here, we describe our technique and the short-term results.     

根治性远端胃大部切除带蒂回盲肠间置代幽门术的临床应用

目的:探讨根治性远端胃大部切除带蒂回盲肠间置代幽门术治疗胃癌的临床应用价值。方法:1992年-2004年对58例胃窦癌行根治性远端胃大部分切除后随机采用两种消化道重建术式,带蒂回盲肠间置代幽门术重建消化道组26例(研究组),B illrothⅡ式吻合术重建消化道组32例(对照组)。术后6个月对胃存贮量、胃排空时间、胆汁反流的发生率、胃黏膜充血炎症的发生率,体重变化及术后5年内胃癌复发率及复发时间进行比较分析。结果:与对照组相比,研究组的胃存贮量增加、胃排空时间延长,胆汁反流、胃黏膜充血炎症的发生率降低,体重增加明显,术后5年内的复发率减低,术后复发时间延长。结论:带蒂回盲肠间置代幽门术是胃窦癌患者根治性远端胃大部切除后的较为理想的消化道重建方式。     

根治性远端胃大部切除带蒂回盲肠间置代幽门术的临床应用

目的：探讨根治性远端胃大部切除带蒂回盲肠间置代幽门术治疗胃癌的临床应用价值。方法：1992年-2004年对58例胃窦癌行根治性远端胃大部分切除后随机采用两种消化道重建术式,带蒂回盲肠间置代幽门术重建消化道组26例（研究组）,BillrothII式吻合术重建消化道组32例（对照组）。术后6个月对胃存贮量、胃排空时间、胆汁反流的发生率、胃黏膜充血炎症的发生率,体重变化及术后5年内胃癌复发率及复发时间进行比较分析。结果：与对照组相比,研究组的胃存贮量增加、胃排空时间延长,胆汁反流、胃黏膜充血炎症的发生率降低,体重增加明显,术后5年内的复发率减低,术后复发时间延长。结论：带蒂回盲肠间置代幽门术是胃窦癌患者根治性远端胃大部切除后的较为理想的消化道重建方式。     

Surgical and oncological outcomes of distal gastrectomy compared to total gastrectomy for middle-third gastric cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Distal gastrectomy (DG) and total gastrectomy (TG) are the most common types of radical surgery for patients with middle-third gastric cancer (MTGC). However, the indications and benefits of the two procedures still remain controversial. The present meta-analysis aimed to compare the surgical and oncological outcomes of DG and TG in the treatment of MTGC. A rigorous literature review was performed in the databases of PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, China National Knowledge Infrastructure and Chinese BioMedical Literature to retrieve studies published up to February 2022. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale was used to assess the quality of included studies and a meta-analysis was performed using RevMan 5.3 software. A total of 12 retrospective studies performing comparisons of DG and TG were included in the present meta-analysis. For patients who underwent DG, a lower rate of overall post-operative complications, anastomosis leakage and intro-abdominal infection was determined. No significant difference was observed between DG and TG in the 5-year overall survival when the proximal resection margin ranged from 3 to 5 cm. Although DG was associated with a higher 5-year overall survival rate when compared to TG, there was no significant difference in the stratified analyses by TNM stage. In conclusion, the prognosis of MTGC did not depend on the extent of gastrectomy. With lower complications and acceptable oncological outcomes, DG was a safe and feasible surgical procedure for MTGC when a negative proximal margin was confirmed.     

胃癌远端胃大部切除术后两种消化道重建方式的配比分析

目的:探讨胃癌远端胃大部切除后行B-II+Braun或Roux-en-Y两种消化道重建方式的优缺点。方法:回顾性分析我院2010年1月至2013年1月间接受远端胃大部切除并行上述消化道重建的胃癌患者临床及随访资料,据消化道重建方式分为B-II+Braun和Roux-en-Y两组,按性别、年龄、肿瘤大小、肿瘤分期进行配比,比较两组患者手术相关指标（手术时间、术中出血量、术后首次排气时间、术后住院时间）、术后近、远期并发症、术后1年以上胃镜复查结果及术后生存率。 结果:两组手术相关指标、术后近期并发症、术后1年和3年生存率差异均无统计学意义（均P>0.05）。远期并发症中,B-II+Braun组烧心/返流、倾倒综合征的发生率（分别为20.83%、16.67%）显著高于Roux-en-Y组（均为4.17%）,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。术后1年以上内镜检查结果显示Roux-en-Y组反流性胃炎、胆汁反流及反流性食管炎发生率（分别为31.25%、18.75%、9.38%）显著低于B-II+Braun组（分别为72.22%、61.11%、36.11%）,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）;食物潴留方面,两组差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。结论:胃癌远端胃大部切除术后行Roux-en-Y重建术后抗返流效果显著优于B-II+Braun,且在手术安全性及术后生存率方面无明显劣势。前者可替代后者,值得在临床推广应用。     

用肠内营养预防胃癌患者胃次全切除术后胃瘫综合征

目的:探讨运用肠内营养预防胃癌患者胃次全切除术后胃瘫综合征的作用。方法:200例胃次全切除术后的胃癌患者随机分为实验组105例,术后早期开始实施肠内营养;对照组95例,术后采用传统静脉输液支持。结果:术后实验组有1例(0.9%)出现术后胃瘫综合征。对照组有7例(7.3%)出现术后胃瘫综合征。两组间有明显差异。(P<0.05)。结论:肠内营养预防胃癌患者胃次全切除术后胃瘫综合征效果良好,有助于康复。     

间置空肠代胃吻合术与Roux-en-Y代胃手术对患者术后生存质量的影响

目的：探讨间置空肠代胃吻合术（jejunal interposition pouch,JIP）与Roux-en-Y代胃手术对患者术后生存质量影响的差异性。方法：回顾性分析本院2006年至2011年收治的45例胃癌患者。按手术方式分为两组,即采用间置空肠代胃吻合术与Roux-en-Y代胃手术。记录其手术时间、住院天数、早期并发症与晚期并发症以及术后患者营养性指标,评估患者术后生存质量的差异性。结果：两组在手术时间、住院天数与早期并发症发生率之间的差异性无统计学意义（P＞0．05）,而间置空肠代胃吻合术后远期并发症的发生率明显低于Roux-en-Y术式,其术后1年的营养状况更是优于Roux-en-Y术式,差异具有统计学意义（P＜0．05）。结论：间置空肠代胃吻合术相对于Roux-en-Y术式可以明显降低患者术后远期并发症的发生,且可以提高患者术后生存质量,值得推广。     

Ischemic necrosis of proximal gastric remnant following subtotal gastrectomy with splenectomy

Ischemic necrosis of the gastric remnant is a rare and serious complication of high subtotal gastrectomy, rarely of the distal resection of the stomach. The authors report one case after subtotal gastrectomy with splenectomy, review the literature about this subject, and suggest that in all procedures the surgeon must take full account of the variability of gastric blood flow. Conservative therapy of this complication with total parenteral nutrition is proposed.     

The usefulness of laparoscopy-assisted distal gastrectomy in comparison with that of open distal gastrectomy for early gastric cancer

Background. The technique of laparoscopy-assisted distal gastrectomy (LADG) was developed for early gastric cancer, but its feasibility and the associated clinical outcome remain unclear. Methods. We reviewed 24 patients who underwent LADG (LADG group) and 35 patients who underwent traditional open distal gastrectomy (ODG group) for early gastric cancer in our hospital, and compared the clinical data of the two groups. Results. The clinical and pathological backgrounds of the patients in the two groups were similar. The duration of surgery was not significantly different between the two groups, but the blood loss in the LADG group was significantly less than that in the ODG group. The number of removed lymph nodes was not significantly different between the two groups. The times to the first passing of flatus, first walking, and the restarting of oral intake; the length of hospital stay; and the duration of epidural analgesia were significantly shorter in the LADG group. The morbidity rate in the LADG group was lower than that in the ODG group. Conclusions. LADG is a safe and minimally invasive surgical technique, after which we can expect a faster recovery. Received: February 23, 2001 / Accepted: June 19, 2001     

远端胃切除术后影响胃排空延迟的多因素分析及生活质量评价

目的:探讨远端胃部分切除术后胃排空延迟(DGE)发生的影响因素及对两种胃肠吻合方式的术后短期生活质量初步评价.方法:回顾性分析2013年9月至2015年6月在西安交通大学第一附属医院行远端胃部分切除术后符合纳入标准的106例患者的临床资料,探索远端胃部分切除术后DGE发生的影响因素及采用EORTC QLQ-C30对患者短期内生活质量进行评价.结果:25例患者术后发生DGE,发生率为23.58％.单因素分析结果表明,体重指数、胃肠吻合方式、术前合并糖尿病、术后下地活动时间、术后蛋白及血红蛋白水平、术后并发症与DGE的发生相关;按吻合方式进行分组,术后两组患者生活质量在功能领域和症状领域均有差异.多因素LogistiC回归分析结果表明,胃空肠吻合方式(OR=2.997,95％CI:1.010～8.896,P=0.048)、有无糖尿病史(OR=5.687,95％ CI:2.004～ 16.141,P=0.001)均为远端胃切除术后DGE发生的危险因素.结论:远端胃部分切除术后DGE的发生率较高,积极的围手术期准备、治疗、科学合理的控制血糖可有效预防术后DGE的发生以及提高患者短期生活质量.     

Laparoscopic distal gastrectomy and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy in the treatment of advanced gastric cancer: a retrospective case-matched study on perioperative outcomes

BackgroundThis study aimed to assess the safety and efficacy of laparoscopic distal gastrectomy (LDG) with intraoperative hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) for advanced gastric cancer (AGC).MethodsIn this case-matched study, we retrospectively reviewed the database of 223 patients with AGC who underwent LDG in Tangdu Hospital from April 2016 to February 2019. Among all participants, 177 patients underwent LDG alone and 46 underwent LDG with HIPEC. We matched total of 138 (1:2) patients from the LDG + HIPEC group (n 46) and the LDG group (n 92) for gender, age, date of operation, and tumor-node-metastasis (TNM) stage of tumor.ResultsThere was no significant difference in the Clavien-Dindo classification of complications between LDG alone and LDG + HIPEC patients. Further analysis showed the morbidity of gastroparesis to be significantly increased in LDG + HIPEC patients. At the same time, we found that the operation time, the time to 1st flatus, and hospital stay were longer in LDG + HIPEC patients and the incidence of abdominal recurrence 2 years after operation was significantly higher in the LDG group than the LDG + HIPEC group.ConclusionsThe combination of LDG with intraoperative HIPEC is a safe and feasible method for AGC and HIPEC will limit the recovery of gastrointestinal functions. In addition, during the follow-up of our study, although there was no statistical difference between the two groups in abdominal recurrence at 2 years after surgery, a decreasing trend of abdominal recurrence in LDG + HIPEC patients could be seen in comparison to LDG patients.     

Comparison of laparoscopy-assisted by conventional open distal gastrectomy and extraperigastric lymph node dissection in early gastric cancer

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Laparoscopy-assisted gastrectomy with lymph node dissection for gastric cancer is considered technically more complicated than the open method. Moreover, the safety and efficacy of laparoscopy-assisted distal gastrectomy (LADG) with extraperigastric lymph node dissection in patients with gastric cancer have not been established yet. To evaluate short-term surgical validity, surgical outcome of the laparoscopy-assisted distal gastrectomy (LADG) with extraperigastric lymph node dissection was compared with that of the conventional open distal gastrectomy (CODG) in patients with early gastric cancer. METHODS: One hundred and forty-seven patients with early gastric cancer received radical distal gastrectomy during 2002 and 2003, where LADG was undergone in 71 patients. The clinicopathologic characteristics, postoperative outcomes and courses, and postoperative morbidities and mortalities were compared between the two groups. Data were retrieved from the stomach cancer database at Dong-A University Medical center. RESULTS: Baseline characteristics, including sex, age, body mass index (BMI), American Society of Anesthesiology (ASA) class, tumor size, T stage, and lymph node metastasis were similar between the two groups. No significant differences were found between these groups in terms of the number of retrieved lymph nodes with respect to D1 + alpha (D1 + no. 7) and D1 + beta (D1 + no. 7, 8a, and 9) lymphadenectomy. In the LADG group, wound size was smaller (P < 0.0001), but operation time was longer (P = 0.0001) than in the CODG group. Perioperative recovery was faster in the LADG group than in the CODG group, as reflected by a shorter hospital stay (P = 0.0176) and less times of additional analgesics (P = 0.0370). Serum albumin level in LADG was higher (P = 0.0002) on day 7 than that in CODG, and the leukocyte count in LADG lower (P = 0.0445) on day 1 than that in CODG. Postoperative morbidities and mortalities were not significantly different between the two groups. CONCLUSIONS: Our data confirmed that LADG with extraperigastric (no. 7, 8, and 9) lymph node dissection proved to be feasible and acceptable surgical technique for early gastric cancer. At least taking a surgical point of view, LADG with extraperigastric lymph node dissection is suggested to be a preferred surgical option for patients with early gastric cancer. Its oncologic validity awaits larger and prospective multicenter trials.     

Video-assisted surgery in gastric cancer

Introduction The present study presents the initial results of the use of video-assisted surgery in the curative intent treatment of gastric cancer in a specialised unit of esophago-gastric pathology. Methods Since December 2002 we have substituted laparotomy for video-assisted surgery for the surgical treatment of gastric cancer. We report our initial experience in 28 patients. In 20 we performed a total gastrectomy with Roux Y esophago-jejunum reconstruction. In another 8 cases we performed subtotal gastrectomy with Roux Y reconstruction. The anastomoses in total gastrectomy were performed with laparoscopy with the EEA head descending via the endo-esophageal route. The resected piece is extracted via minimum laparotomy. The associated complete lympadenectomy D2 was performed in the tumours of the gastric antrum and D1 plus the lymph node groups 7, 8, 9 and proximal 11 at the second level in the gastric body and fundus. Results The mean duration of intervention was 222 minutes and the mean blood loss was 185 ml. Mortality was 3.7% and morbidity was 19%. There was a reduction in post-operative analgesia requirements and the mean hospital stay was 11 days. Conclusions Gastric resection and related lympadenectomy can be performed using video-assisted surgery in a manner that is as safe as conventional surgery and, further, has considerable advantages. The greater complexity requires that the surgical team is better trained in the use of the laparoscopy technique. In the few studies on the theme, there appears to be no oncological inconveniences associated with the technique.     

Comparison of delta-shaped anastomosis and Billroth I reconstruction after laparoscopic distal gastrectomy for gastric cancer

BackgroundThis study intends to compare the short-term effects and long-term survival of gastric cancer patients who underwent delta-shaped anastomosis (DA) and Billroth I reconstructions after laparoscopic distal gastrectomy.MethodsWe retrospectively collected data from 257 patients with gastric cancer who underwent laparoscopic distal gastrectomy between January 2013 and December 2017. Patients were classified into 2 groups according to the reconstruction method used: the DA group (n=91) and the Billroth I group (n=166). The clinical data, short-term efficacy, and long-term results were compared between the 2 groups.ResultsThe operation time (P<0.001) and the post-operative length of hospital stay (P<0.001) were shorter in the DA group than in the Billroth I group. The time to the first oral intake of a soft diet after surgery was earlier in the DA group than in the Billroth I group (P=0.014). Kaplan-Meier (log-rank test) analysis showed no significant difference in the 5-year survival rates between the 2 groups for patients at the same pathological stage. Multivariate analysis showed that abnormal carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) (P=0.006), chemotherapy (P<0.001), T stage (P<0.001), and N stage (P<0.001) were independent prognostic factors for survival.ConclusionsDA and Billroth I are feasible and safe reconstruction methods of the digestive tract after gastric cancer. DA is the recommended reconstruction method for laparoscopic distal gastrectomy.     

长期禁食水可增加远端胃癌根治术后胃瘫的发生风险

目的:探讨围手术期长期禁食水与胃下部癌患者行远端胃癌根治术后发生胃瘫的相关性。方法:将76例确诊为胃癌的病人随机分成实验组及对照组,实验组术前不禁食水,术后在静脉营养支持治疗的同时第1天嘱患者少量多次饮水,第2~3天根据患者情况增加饮水量至500 ml,第4~5天经口行肠内营养等全流质饮食并根据患者情况逐步过渡到半流食。对照组术前1天禁食水,术后给予静脉营养及肠内营养支持,术后1周左右开始试行进食,并保证两组患者的术者、手术方式、营养支持、抗感染及抑酸等治疗方案一致。结果:实验组患者术后胃瘫发生例数（1例）明显少于对照组（6例）,差异有统计学意义（P=0.047）。而两组患者在术后营养状态、感染及吻合口瘘等并发症方面发生率无显著差异（P>0.05）。结论:围手术期长期禁食水可以增加胃下部癌根治术后胃瘫发生风险,术后早期经口进食可以降低胃下部癌术后胃瘫发生几率,不增加感染及吻合口瘘等并发症发生率,安全有效。