人参茎叶中皂甙类化学成分的研究

从辽宁桓仁县产人参(Panax ginseng C.A.Meyer)茎叶中分离得到十一种人参皂甙单体(L_1—L_(11))。用化学方法,IR,FD—MS,~(13)C—NMR,HPLC 等方法鉴定了其中七种化学结构;分别为人参皂甙(ginsenosides —Rh_1,—Rg_3,—Rg_2,—Rg_1,—Re,—Rc,—Rb_2)。其中—Rh_1,—Rg_3两种,首次从人参茎叶中分离得到的已知皂甙类成分。未见报导.     

人参的分析——Ⅰ.人参皂甙元的提取、分离和比色测定

参照Shibata等的方法,从人参中提取分离了人参二醇,人参三醇及齐墩果酸三种人参皂甙元。比较研究了三种人参皂甙元的各种显色反应后,认为高氯酸—香荚蓝醛试剂显色反应较好,皂甙元在10～70μg间样品量与吸收度成直线关系,本法操作比较简便,反应灵敏度高、重现性好。     

人参叶中的微量新皂甙

前报,从人参Panax ginseng C.A.Meyer叶中得到十二种人参皂甙,其中两种微量新皂甙分别为20(R)-人参皂甙-Rh_2,人参皂甙-Rh_。本文继续报道两个微量成分的分离和鉴定。20(R)-原人参二醇(Ⅰ),甲醇重结晶得无色针晶,mp243～245℃。Liebermann—     

人参植株不同部位皂甙含量研究

本文研究了人参皂甙与浓硫酸反应,紫外分光法测定,人参皂甙与浓硫酸于60℃反应2小时,在322nm处测吸收值,浓度与吸收值呈线性关系。本方法用于测定人参植株地下,地上部位的皂甙含量,结果良好。     

美洲人参的皂甙及其甙元的分析

本文讨论了用气液相层析法可以正确地分析出兔血浆和尿样品中的人参皂甙A_1(三七皂甙F_(11))、A_2(Rg_1)、B_2(Re)、C(Rb_2)和皂甙元及人参萜二醇、人参萜三醇。材料:美洲人参(Panax quinquefoli-um L.,五加科)的茎、叶中提取分离的人参皂甙A_1、A_2、B_2、C和人参黄酮甙;人参皂甙的水解产物经柱层析纯化精制得到的人参萜二醇、人参萜三醇;豆甾醇(内标物)和吡啶,三甲硅烷基TBT。     

人参的分析——Ⅰ.人参皂甙元的提取、分离和比色测定

参照Shibata等的方法,从人参中提取分离了人参二醇,人参三醇及齐墩果酸三种人参皂甙元。比较研究了三种人参皂甙元的各种显色反应后,认为高氯酸—香荚蓝醛试剂显色反应较好,皂甙元在10～70μg间样品量与吸收度成直线关系,本法操作比较简便,反应灵敏度高、重现性好。     

西洋参叶和茎中达玛烷型皂甙的深入研究

西洋参(Panax quinquefolium L)的茎和叶中含达玛烷型皂甙:人参皂甙A_1,A_2,B_1,B_2和C,后4种即是人参中的人参皂甙Rg_1,Rd,Re与Rb_2。皂甙A_1则尚未从人参根和叶分离得到过。本文报道皂甙A_1的鉴定以及对皂甙C重新鉴定的结果。作者通过对皂甙酸水解后糖的鉴定以及以物理常数、TLC、MS和~(13)CNMR与标准品比较,证明皂甙A_1即为喜马拉雅三七(P·pseudo-ginseng subsp.himalaicus Hara)叶中的伪-人参皂甙F_(11)。曾有报道,将皂甙C鉴定为皂甙Rb_2。作者通过用~(13)CNMR进行研究,认为皂甙C不是Rb_2而应该是Rb_3。过去的结论仅是由物理常数、薄层及质谱分析数据得出,因为Rb_2与Rb_3薄层层析Rf值及质谱数据完全相符合,而只有用~(13)CNMR才显示出二者的差别。     

三七叶皂甙成分的研究

从三七叶中分得五种皂甙,分别命名为三七叶皂甙a_1,a_2,g,h_1和j。三七叶皂甙a_1量太小,未作鉴定。经~(13)C核磁共振,乙酰化衍生物质谱测定及矿酸水解后皂甙元及糖的鉴定,分别确认三七叶皂甙-a_2为20(S)人参皂甙-Rg_3,系首次从三七叶中分得;三七叶皂甙-g为人参皂甙-Rc;三七叶皂甙-h_1为人参皂甙-Rb_3;三七叶皂甙j为三七皂甙-Fc。     

人参皂甙Rb1和Rg1对原代培养大鼠海马神经细胞的保护作用

用大鼠海马神经细胞原代培养的实验模型,观察了人参皂甙Rb1和Rg1对原代培养的大鼠海马神经细胞生长的影响。结果发现Rb1和Rg1可明显延长培养神经细胞的存活时间、降低神经细胞的死亡率,并对抗谷氨酸介导的神经毒性作用。实验证明其机制在于选择性抑制大剂量谷氨酸引起的钙离子浓度异常升高。     

人参叶中微量新皂甙-La的分离与鉴定

前已报道从人参(Panax ginseng C.A.Meyer)叶中分到三种微量新皂甙。在继续研究的基础上,又得到一个微量新皂甙,命名为人参皂甙-La(ginsenoside-La)。人参皂甙-La,无色针晶(MeOH),[α]D~(20)—18.4(Pyridine-d_5)。负离子FAB-MS     

海马内微量注射褪黑素的免疫调节作用

研究褪黑素（ＭＴ）经海马对大鼠免疫系统的影响。微量注射ＭＴ１μｇ至双侧海马，可显著地增强脾淋巴细胞ＣｏｎＡ诱导的增殖反应，其量效曲线呈钟罩形。连续３ｄ注射ＭＴ，能明显提高脾细胞产生ＩＬ－２和腹腔巨噬细胞产生ＩＬ－１，还能增强ＮＫ细胞活性。提示，ＭＴ能通过海马调节免疫功能。     

雷公藤多甙对大鼠佐剂性关节炎治疗作用和免疫机制的研究

利用大鼠佐剂性关节炎（ＡＡ）动物模型，研究了雷公藤多甙的治疗作用及其免疫机制。结果发现，雷公藤多甙能改善ＡＡ病情。雷公藤多甙治疗显效后，ＡＡ大鼠血清ＩＬ－１和ＩＬ－６水平明显降低，关节液内炎症细胞因子的水平下降，腹腔巨噬细胞及脾淋巴细胞分泌细胞因子的能力显著受到抑制。ＡＡ大鼠脾细胞增殖能力显著降低，雷公藤多甙治疗后对脾细胞增殖与ＡＡ对照组比较无明显差异。结果表明雷公藤多甙抗炎作用的发挥是通过免疫抑制作用而实现的。     

松果腺与细胞免疫的关系及白芍总甙的作用

目的：观察松果腺功能低下大鼠的细胞免疫的变化及白芍总甙（ＴＧＰ）的作用。方法：主要应用傍晚腹腔注射普萘洛尔或大鼠双侧颈上神经节切除造成松果腺功能低下的模型。结果：下午４：００腹腔注射普萘洛尔（１５ｍｇ·ｋｇ－１·ｄ－１×７ｄ）可引起Ｔ、Ｂ淋巴细胞转化率降低、ＴＧＰ（２０ｍｇ·ｋｇ－１·ｄ－１，ｉｐ或５０ｍｇ·ｋｇ－１·ｄ－１ｐｏ）能使普萘洛尔降低的Ｔ、Ｂ淋巴细胞免疫功能恢复正常；双侧颈上神经节切除造成大鼠胸腺及脾淋巴细胞的致分裂素反应降低，ＩＬ－２生成减少、ＴＧＰ（２０ｍｇ·ｋｇ－１·ｄ－１ｉｐ或５０ｍｇ·ｋｇ－１·ｄ－１ｐｏ）可反转双侧颈上神经节切除的作用。结论：ＴＧＰ的免疫调节作用与松果腺有关。     

Glycidol modulation of the immune responses in female B6C3F1 mice

The immunotoxic potential of glycidol was evaluated in female B6C3F1 mice using a battery of functional assays and three host resistance models. Glycidol was administered to the animals by oral gavage as a solution in sterile distilled water daily for 14 days at doses of 25, 125 and 250 mg/kg. In tier I, we observed that glycidol exposure produced a dose-related decrease in splenocyte IgM antibody-forming cell response to sheep red blood cells (sRBC); the spleen natural killer (NK) cell activity was also decreased. A decrease in B cell proliferative responses to anti-IgM F(ab')2 and/or interleukin-4 (IL-4) was observed while the splenocyte proliferative responses to T cell mitogen ConA and B cell mitogen LPS were not affected. The splenocyte proliferative response to allogeneic cells as evaluated in the mixed leukocyte reaction (MLR) to DBA/2 spleen cells was not affected. In tier II, we found that exposure to glycidol decreased the number and percentage of B cells and the absolute number of CD4+ T cells in the spleen while the number of total T cells, CD8+ T cells and CD4+CD8+ T cells was not affected. The cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) response to mitomycin C-treated P815 mastocytoma was not affected; the cytotoxic activity of peritoneal macrophages was not suppressed. Moreover, the host resistance to Listeria monocytogenes was not affected although a slight increase in host resistance to Streptococcus pneumoniae was observed. However, exposure to glycidol decreased host resistance to the B16F10 melanoma tumor model with the maximal tumor formation in lung observed in the high dose group. Overall, these dada support the finding that glycidol is an immunosuppressive agent in female B6C3F1 mice.     

GLYCIDOL MODULATION OF THE IMMUNE RESPONSES IN FEMALE B6C3F1 MICE

The immunotoxic potential of glycidol was evaluated in female B6C3F1 mice using a battery of functional assays and three host resistance models. Glycidol was administered to the animals by oral gavage as a solution in sterile distilled water daily for 14 days at doses of 25, 125 and 250 mg/kg. In tier I, we observed that glycidol exposure produced a dose-related decrease in splenocyte IgM antibody-forming cell response to sheep red blood cells (sRBC); the spleen natural killer (NK) cell activity was also decreased. A decrease in B cell proliferative responses to anti-IgM F(ab')₂ and/or interleukin-4 (IL-4) was observed while the splenocyte proliferative responses to T cell mitogen ConA and B cell mitogen LPS were not affected. The splenocyte proliferative response to allogeneic cells as evaluated in the mixed leukocyte reaction (MLR) to DBA/2 spleen cells was not affected. In tier II, we found that exposure to glycidol decreased the number and percentage of B cells and the absolute number of CD4⁺ T cells in the spleen while the number of total T cell, CD8⁺ T cells and CD4⁺CD8⁺ T cells was not affected. The cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) response to mitomycin C-treated P815 mastocytoma was not affected; the cytotoxic activity of peritoneal macrophages was not suppressed. Moreover, the host resistance to Listeria monocytogenes was not affected although a slight increase in host resistance to Streptococcus pneumoniae was observed. However, exposure to glycidol decreased host resistance to the B16F10 melanoma tumor model with the maximal tumor formation in lung observed in the high dose group. Overall, these dada support the finding that glycidol is an immunosuppressive agent in female B6C3F1 mice.     

燃煤颗粒物对大鼠免疫功能的影响

以不同剂量燃煤颗粒经气管染毒大鼠,在不同时间检测大鼠有关免疫功能。结果表明,低剂量燃煤颗粒不影响大鼠免疫功能,高剂量燃煤颗粒不影响脾脏的免疫功能,而抑制肺有关淋巴结的淋巴细胞转化功能和白细胞介素-2活性,肺巨噬细胞Fc受体数和抗肿瘤细胞毒效应早期激活,后期抑制。     

Induction of suppressor cell activity in vivo and suppression of lymphoproliferative responses in vitro by SK&F 105.685 in the dog.

SK&F 105.685 (N,N-dimethyl-8,8-dipropyl-2-azaspiro[4.5]decane-2-propanamine+ ++ dihydrochloride) is a novel azaspirane with beneficial activity in rat models of adjuvant-induced arthritis and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis as well as in the murine lupus model. The mechanism of action in these models appears to be the induction of non-specific suppressor cell activity which is measured by the ability of cells from treated animals to partially inhibit the proliferative response of lymphocytes from control animals to concanavalin A (ConA) in a co-culture assay. In this study we have shown that oral administration of 0.1-3 mg/kg/day of SK&F 105.685 to purebred beagle dogs induced suppressor cell activity in the spleen and bone marrow but not in the peripheral blood. In vitro, SK&F 105.685 partially suppressed the proliferative response of dog splenocytes to the mitogens phytohemagglutinin (PHA), ConA and, to a lesser extent, pokeweed mitogen (PWM). Peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs) differed from spleen cells in their susceptibility to suppression by SK&F 105.685. While the PWM and ConA responses of PBLs and spleen cells showed similar levels of inhibition, the PHA response of PBLs, in marked contrast to spleen cells, was resistant to suppression by the compound. Our results show that the immunoregulatory effects of SK&F 105,685 are not limited to rodents and that suppressor cell activity in dogs is induced quickly and by relatively low doses of the compound.     

雌性激素对雌性荷瘤小鼠免疫功能及实验性肺转移的影响

己烯雌酚（ＤＥＳ）皮下注射于荷瘤（Ｌｅｗｉｓ肺癌，ＬＬＣ）小鼠１５ｄ或２５ｄ，其巨噬细胞（ＭＯ）吞噬功能明显增强；脾细胞对ＣｏｎＡ刺激转化能力提高；脾脏重量增加；抗体产生能力增强。与对照组比较差异均有显著性（Ｐ＜０．０５）。进一步研究发现ＤＥＳ处理后，ＬＬＣ实验性肺转移结节明显减少。     

Decreased lymphocyte blastogenesis,IL2 production and NK activity following nifedipine administration to healthy humans

Summary The effects of a single oral dose of nifedipine on part of the immune response in healthy humans has been investigated in terms of two different immune functions: T lymphocyte proliferation and NK activity. Both functions are known to require calcium ions.Ten healthy subjects were bled before and 30 min, and 4 and 24 h after receiving 10 mg nifedipine. Lymphocyte proliferation, both in mitogen-activated lymphocyte cultures, and in autologous and allogeneic mixed lymphocyte reactions, was significantly reduced (up to 48%) 30 min after drug administration and reverted to normal 4 h later. The inhibition could be attributed to reduction in IL2 production by the T cells isolated 30 min following the administration of nifedipine, since they normally express IL2-receptors. The addition of recombinant IL2 of 200 U·ml^–1 to the cell cultures restored their responsiveness.NK activity was significantly reduced 30 min and 4 h after drug administration and returned to normal at the 24th h. This function was also restored by the addition of IL2.The data suggest that calcium channel blockers may inhibit, at least transiently, lymphocyte functions in vivo.List of abbreviations AMLC Autologous mixed lymphocyte cultures - CD Cluster determinants - ConA Concanavallin A - CTL Cytotoxic T lymphocytes - GAM-FITC Fluorescein isothiocyanate-conjugated goat anti-mouse immunoglobulins - HLA-class II DP-DQ-DR antigens - IL2 Interleukin 2 - mAb Monoclonal antibodies - MHC Major histocompatibility gene complex - MLC Mixed lymphocyte cultures - NK Natural killer activity - non- T/T type AMLC Autologous mixed lymphocyte culture in which non-T cells are used as stimulators - PBL Peripheral blood lymphocytes - T/T type AMLC Autologous mixed lymphocyte culture in which PHA-activated T lymphocytes are used as stimulators     

花生蛋白多肽对小鼠免疫功能的影响

目的探讨花生蛋白多肽对正常小鼠免疫调节作用。方法BALB／c小鼠按随机原则分为4个批次,第一批进行动物进行抗体生成细胞检测、绵羊红细胞诱导小鼠足趾增厚（DTH）和血清凝血素测定（HC50）;第二批动物进行小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞吞噬鸡红细胞实验;第三批脏器／体质量比值和小鼠碳廓清实验四批动物进行ConA诱导的小鼠脾淋巴细胞转化实验和乳酸脱氢酶法（LDH）测定NK细胞活性。每批动物分为低、中、高三个剂量组和一个溶剂对照组。结果中剂量组和高剂量组花生蛋白多肽可增强小鼠碳廓清和绵羊红细胞诱导小鼠DTH能力（P〈0．05）;高剂量组花生蛋白多肽能提高小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞吞噬鸡红细胞能力（吞噬百分率P〈0．O5;吞噬指数P〈0．05）、促进促进ConA诱导的小鼠脾淋巴细胞转化能力（P〈0．05）、抗体生成细胞数的生成（P〈0．05）、血清凝血素的生成∽〈O．05）和NK细胞活性（P〈0．05）;但对免疫器官／体质量比值和无明显影响。结论花生蛋白多肽对正常小鼠的细胞免疫、体液免疫和单核一巨噬细胞功能和NK功能有促进作用,即具有增强免疫力功能。