多囊卵巢综合征患者妊娠期血清、胎盘局部雄激素水平的检测及评价

目的了解多囊卵巢综合征(PCOS)患者行体外受精-胚胎移植(IVF-ET)治疗后,妊娠期胎盘局部是否存在雄激素水平的升高,并探讨胎盘局部高雄激素水平与PCOS患者不良妊娠结局的关系。方法 17例PCOS行IVF-ET治疗后妊娠患者为观察组,19例非遗传学因素(输卵管因素,流产后继发不孕)行IVF-ET治疗后妊娠患者为对照组,采用放射免疫分析法(RIA)、酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)对其外周血、胎盘组织局部总睾酮(TT)、性激素结合球蛋白(SHBG)等指标进行测定。并根据外周血雄激素水平,将观察组分为高雄组(n=12)及非高雄组(n=5)。结果 PCOS高雄患者妊娠期外周血及胎盘局部TT、游离睾酮指数(FAI)较对照组及非高雄组明显升高,且有显著性差异(P均0.001);PCOS高雄组SHBG较对照组及非高雄组稍有降低,但无显著差异(P0.05)。结论具有高雄激素血症的PCOS患者胎盘局部雄激素水平升高。     

多囊卵巢综合征患者血清Betatrophin水平及其与代谢参数的相关性分析

目的探究多囊卵巢综合征(polycystic ovary syndrome, PCOS)患者血清Betatrophin水平及其与代谢参数的相关性。方法选取2017年12月至2019年9月郑州人民医院收治的PCOS患者98例(PCOS组), 根据体质量指数(body mass index, BMI)将其分为非肥胖组(n=45)与肥胖组(n=53);根据胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR)值将其分为非IR组(n=21)与IR组(n=77);根据总睾酮(TT)水平将其分为非高雄激素组(n=24)与高雄激素组(n=74)。另取健康女性90例作为对照组。对两组患者基线资料、脂代谢指标、激素指标、糖代谢指标及Betatrophin水平进行记录。应用Pearson检验及Logisitc回归模型, 分析PCOS患者血清Betatrophin水平升高的影响因素。结果与对照组比较, PCOS组BMI、体脂肪、腰臀比(WHR)、极低密度脂蛋白(VLDL)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL)、三酰甘油(TG)、总胆固醇(TC)、游离睾丸素(FAI)、TT、黄体生成素(LH)、硫酸脱氢异雄酮...     

性激素结合球蛋白在多囊卵巢综合征中的研究进展

多囊卵巢综合征(PCOS)是女性常见的内分泌疾病,主要以排卵障碍,卵巢呈多囊样改变和高雄激素血症为特征。性激素结合球蛋白(SHBG)主要作用是结合睾酮和雌激素,调节性激素在血中的浓度。本文对SHBG基因表达水平与PCOS,SHBG水平和胰岛素抵抗(IR)、高雄激素血症、2型糖尿病、代谢综合征(MS)、妊娠糖尿病、乳腺癌和子宫内膜癌等远期并发症的相关性进行综述,以期为PCOS的诊断提供一定参考,为临床治疗提供指导。     

PCOS患者AMH水平与内分泌代谢异常间关系的研究

目的分析多囊卵巢综合征(PCOS)患者抗苗勒管激素(AMH)水平与内分泌代谢异常之间的关系,比较高雄激素和非高雄激素型患者AMH及其它指标的差异。方法 210例PCOS患者,据AMH水平分为高AMH组(AMH≥10ng/ml,86例)和低AMH组(AMH<10ng/ml,124例);根据高雄激素临床表现或高雄激素血症分为高雄组(58例)和非高雄组(152例)。测定血清AMH、卵泡刺激素(FSH)、黄体生成素(LH)、雌二醇、睾酮(T)、空腹血糖和空腹胰岛素、总胆固醇、甘油三酯和低密度脂蛋白,计算稳态模型胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR),比较各组AMH及内分泌代谢指标差异,分析AMH水平的影响因素。结果 (1)低AMH组与高AMH组比较,BMI(24.73±5.02kg/m2 vs.23.08±4.34kg/m2)、空腹胰岛素(93.26±57.64pmol/L vs.73.81±42.62pmol/L)、HOMA-IR(3.23±2.20vs.2.51±1.64)均显著增高(P<0.05);(2)高雄组与非高雄组比较,AMH水平(11.71±5.86ng/ml vs.9.64±4.91ng/ml)、LH/FSH比值(1.94±0.93vs.1.54±0.80)、总胆固醇水平(4.94±1.38 mmol/L vs.4.36±0.83 mmol/L)、低密度脂蛋白水平(3.06±1.22 mmol/L vs.2.63±0.68mmol/L)均显著增高(P<0.05);(3)多元线性回归分析显示AMH水平与睾酮水平正相关(β=0.281,P<0.05),与BMI负相关(β=-0.264,P<0.05)。结论 PCOS患者BMI、空腹胰岛素和HOMA-IR升高导致AMH水平降低,而高雄激素型患者AMH水平和LH/FSH显著升高,并增加脂质代谢异常的风险。     

不同亚型多囊卵巢综合征患者的临床及生化特征比较

目的比较不同亚型多囊卵巢综合征患者的临床及生化特征,分析中国(2011年)多囊卵巢综合征(PCOS)诊断标准与2003年鹿特丹诊断标准在临床应用中的差异。方法回顾性分析2008年1月到2012年12月就诊于本院生殖医学研究所门诊的1,248例PCOS患者,根据2011年中国的PCOS诊断标准和2003年鹿特丹PCOS诊断标准,将患者分为四个亚型:Ⅰ型PCO+高雄激素临床或生化特征+月经异常;Ⅱ型PCO+月经异常;Ⅲ型高雄激素临床或生化特征+月经异常;Ⅳ型PCO+高雄激素临床或生化特征,对四组PCOS患者的临床生化特征进行分析。结果 (1)收集的1,248例PCOS患者中多囊卵巢、月经异常、高雄激素的临床表现或高雄激素血症、肥胖、胰岛素抵抗、黄体生成素/卵泡刺激素(LH/FSH)1、LH/FSH≥2的发生率分别为:99.5%、89.6%、33.1%、29.5%、46.1%、67.0%、26.7%。(2)Ⅰ型的基础黄体生成素(bLH)及LH/FSH比值最高,且与Ⅲ型、Ⅳ型的差异有统计学意义(P0.05);Ⅱ型的雄激素水平(T)最低,与其他三组比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05);Ⅲ型的卵巢体积最小,与其他三组比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05);四组之间的年龄、体重指数(BMI)、基础卵细胞刺激素(bFSH)、空腹血糖、空腹胰岛素等的差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论 (1)收集的PCOS患者的主要特征为PCO、月经异常、LH/FSH1及高雄激素临床或生化特征。(2)除了分型因素导致的差异,不同亚型PCOS的其他临床生化特征无明显差异。(3)本次调查结果提示,相对于2011年中国PCOS的诊断标准,2003年鹿特丹诊断标准更全面、客观。     

血清胰岛素样生长因子结合蛋白7的水平与多囊卵巢综合征及其胰岛素抵抗的关系

目的 探讨血清胰岛素样生长因子结合蛋白7(IGFBP7)水平与多囊卵巢综合征(PCOS)及其胰岛素抵抗(IR)的关系。方法 选择2021年10月至2022年12月于徐州市中心医院生殖中心就诊的PCOS患者为PCOS组(91例),收集同时期同年龄段因输卵管因素或男方因素行辅助生殖的女性为对照组(85例)。收集所有研究对象的一般资料，包括年龄、体质量指数(BMI)、腰围等；检测研究对象血清中部分生化指标如血糖、脂代谢相关指标、生殖激素水平等。采用二元Logistic回归分析评价血清IGFBP7水平与PCOS及其IR发生的关系；采用多因素线性回归分析筛查与PCOS患者IGFBP7水平升高有关的因素。结果 PCOS组患者的BMI、腰围、抗苗勒管激素(AMH)、黄体生成素(LH)、总睾酮(TT)、游离睾酮(FT)、游离雄激素指数(FAI)、空腹血糖(FPG)、空腹胰岛素(FIN)、胰岛素抵抗的稳态模型指数(HOMA-IR)、总胆固醇(CHOL)、甘油三酯(TG)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-c)、IGFBP7水平均显著高于对照组(P<0.05),而年龄、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-c)、性...     

同型半胱氨酸在多囊卵巢综合征中的研究进展

多囊卵巢综合征(PCOS)是女性常见的内分泌疾病,主要以排卵障碍、卵巢呈多囊样改变和高雄激素血症为特征。同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)是在蛋氨酸循环期间形成的含硫氨基酸,最新发现高同型半胱氨酸血症(HHcy)与PCOS密切相关,影响着PCOS的卵母细胞质量、高雄激素血症、胰岛素抵抗(IR)和高胰岛素血症,并且是其远期并发症如不良妊娠结局、心血管疾病、妊娠糖尿病的潜在危险因素。本文综述近年Hcy与PCOS的相关研究,旨在为PCOS临床诊断和治疗提供新的依据。     

PCOS患者抗苗勒管激素水平与胰岛素抵抗及生殖激素水平的相关性研究

目的探讨多囊卵巢综合征(PCOS)患者血清抗苗勒管激素(AMH)水平与胰岛素抵抗(IR)及生殖激素水平的相关性。方法选取2017年1月至2020年2月在东莞东华医院生殖医学科就诊的PCOS患者62例,根据患者是否存在胰岛素抵抗,分为胰岛素抵抗组(HOMA-IR>2.1,PCOS-IR组,34例)和非胰岛素抵抗组(HOMA-IR<2.1,PCOS-NIR组,28例);选择同时期在同院行健康体检的30例正常女性为对照组。测定所有研究对象的血清生殖激素(AMH、FSH、LH、E2、T、PRL、P)水平,以及硫酸脱氢表雄酮(DHEA)、性激素结合球蛋白(SHBG)及空腹血糖(GLU)空腹胰岛素(FIN)水平等指标,统计分析组间各指标的差异;采用Spearman相关分析分析AMH水平与稳态模型胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR)的关系。结果3组间平均年龄、体重指数(BMI)及血清FSH、P、PRL、SHBG及DHEA水平均无统计学差异(P>0.05)。与对照组比较,PCOS组(包括PCOS-IR组和PCOS-NIR组)血清AMH、LH及T水平显著升高(P<0.05);与PCOS-NIR组比较,PCOS-IR组FIN[(20.31±12.71)mU/L vs.(5.69±1.98)mU/L]、GLU[(5.58±1.98)mmol/L vs.(4.89±1.98)mmol/L]和HOMA-IR[3.7(2.42,7.09)vs.1.28(0.84,1.63)]显著升高(P<0.05)。相关性分析结果显示,PCOS患者AMH水平与LH水平(r=0.403,P=0.001)及T水平(r=0.403,P=0.000)呈正相关,与FSH水平呈负相关(r=-0.253.P=0.044),而与年龄、BMI、E 2、P、PRL、FIN、GLU、SHBG、DHEA及HOMA-IR不存在显著相关(P>0.05)。结论PCOS患者血清AMH水平高于正常女性,其原因与高雄激素密切相关;PCOS患者血清AMH水平与胰岛素抵抗无相关性。     

79例多囊卵巢综合征患者血清C肽水平测定分析

多囊卵巢综合征（PCOS）是一种以内分泌紊乱为主伴多种代谢异常的临床综合征,基本的病理生理改变为无排卵性月经异常及高雄激素血症。近年来的研究表明胰岛素抵抗（IR）与PCOS的发病过程相关,IR可能是PCOS发生发展的重要因素之一,IR所产生的代偿性高胰岛素血症,可引起糖代谢、脂代谢紊乱,增加心血管病的危险。     

对勃起功能障碍患者血清游离睾酮及睾酮分泌指数的初步研究

目的:通过观察勃起功能障碍(ED)患者的血清游离睾酮(FT)、睾酮分泌指数(TSI)的变化,探讨两者在ED内分泌病因中的诊断价值。方法:120例ED患者及30例正常婚检者均来自于江苏省中医院男科门诊和病房,分别进行勃起功能国际指数(IIEF)问卷中勃起功能评分和性欲评分,采用化学发光法(CLIA)检测血清总睾酮(TT)、黄体生成素(LH),放射免疫检测法(RIA)检测游离睾酮(FT),并计算睾酮分泌指数(TSI)。结果:120例ED患者中低于TT、FT参考值的患者分别占5%、15.8%;TT在不同年龄组ED患者中随年龄下降但无统计学差异,FT、TSI在不同年龄组ED患者中随年龄下降且有统计学差异。TT随IIEF评分的变化缺乏规律,而FT、TSI随IIEF评分降低且有统计学差异。TT、FT、TSI在ED患者不同性欲评分组无统计学差异。结论:FT在ED伴有性腺功能减退的诊断价值优于TT,FT、TSI是评估ED严重程度的重要参数。     

Comparative pharmacokinetics of testosterone enanthate and testosterone cyclohexanecarboxylate as assessed by serum and salivary testosterone levels in normal men

The pharmacokinetics of 2 testosterone esters, testosterone enanthate and testosterone cyclohexanecarboxylate, were compared in a single blind crossover study in healthy young men. Their effects on serum and salivary levels of testosterone, as well as on the serum levels of LH, FSH and prolactin were measured after the injection of doses equivalent to 140 mg free testosterone. Both preparations yielded supraphysiological testosterone levels in serum and saliva as early as 2 h following injection, reaching peak levels 4 to 5 times above basal between 8 and 24 h. LH and FSH levels were suppressed as long as serum testosterone levels were elevated. Nine days after injecting testosterone enanthate and 7 days after giving testosterone cyclohexanecarboxylate, serum and salivary levels of testosterone had returned to basal. The longer activity of testosterone enanthate was also evidenced from more extended suppression of gonadotrophin levels. Although neither preparation is ideal because of the initial supraphysiological peaks, testosterone enanthate appears preferable for clinical use because of its slightly longer duration of action.     

Guideline of guidelines: testosterone therapy for testosterone deficiency

We analysed the guidelines for testosterone therapy (TTh) produced by major international medical societies including: the American Urological Association, European Association of Urology, American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists, British Society for Sexual Medicine, Endocrine Society, International Society for Sexual Medicine, and the International Society for the Study of the Aging Male, and compared their recommendations. All the organisations were in general agreement concerning the following key points:

• Only men meeting the criteria for testosterone deficiency (TD) should be treated.
• Consider screening asymptomatic men with certain conditions that increase the risk of TD.
• Exogenous TTh causes impairment of spermatogenesis.
• There is no evidence that TTh causes prostate cancer.
• Men on TTh require careful laboratory monitoring.

     

小剂量十一酸睾酮治疗弱精子症41例报告

目的：讨论睾酮对精子活动的影响。方法：41例弱精子症患者口服十一酸睾酮（商品名：安特尔）治疗。患者平均年龄（33±6）岁,不育时间平均（4±3）年。结果：41例中,9例女方受孕,6例失访,3例未遵医嘱用药。26例用药超过3个月。26例治疗前精液体积为（2．90±0．60）ml,精子密度为（70．31±68．13）,a级（9．54±4．74）％,b级（17．42±8．99）％,a级＋b级（26．96±12．22）％。治疗后1、2、3个月,精液体积、密度、a级、b级、a级＋b级精子百分比分别为（2．91±0．49、3．00±0．56、2．77±0．45）ml、（47．04±29．81、40．73±25．38、34．15±20．23）×10^6、（17．27±7．23、22．96±8．48、27．04±10．62）％、（28．00±9．05、32．77±9．97、34．96±12．45）％、（45．27±13．36、55．73±11．16、62．00±10．95）％。采用ANOVA、LSD检验分析组间差异,结果显示在0．05水平,精子密度、活动度治疗前后不同时间的差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。随着用药时间的推移,药物对精子密度、恬动度的影响逐渐降低。用药后第1个月,精子活动度变化最明显,用药后第2个月与第3个月相比,精子活动度差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论：十一酸睾酮可以引起精子密度下降,精子活动度增加,值得临床采用。     

对勃起功能障碍患者血清游离睾酮及睾酮分泌指数的初步研究

目的：通过观察勃起功能障碍（ED）患者的血清游离睾酮（FT）、睾酮分泌指数（TSI）的变化，探讨两者在ED内分泌病因中的诊断价值。方法：120例ED患者及30例正常婚检者均来自于江苏省中医院男科门诊和病房，分别进行勃起功能国际指数（IIEF）问卷中勃起功能评分和性欲评分，采用化学发光法（CLIA）检测血清总睾酮（rI，r）、黄体生成素（LH），放射免疫检测法（RIA）检测游离睾酮（FT），并计算睾酮分泌指数（TSI）。结果：120例ED患者中低于TT、FT参考值的患者分别占5％、15．8％；TT在不同年龄组ED患者中随年龄下降但无统计学差异，FT、TSI在不同年龄组ED患者中随年龄下降且有统计学差异。TT随IIEF评分的变化缺乏规律，而FT、TSI随IIEF评分降低且有统计学差异。TT、FT、TSI在ED患者不同性欲评分组无统计学差异。结论：FT在ED伴有性腺功能减退的诊断价值优于TT，FT，FT、TSI是评估ED严重程度的重要参数。     

Testosterone treatment of hypogonadal men participating in competitive sports

Testosterone has a steeply dose-dependent effect on muscle mass and strength irrespective of gonadal status. So, for reasons of fairness, people who engage in competitive sports should not administer exogenous testosterone raising their blood testosterone levels beyond the range of normal. There is a ban on exogenous androgens for men and women in sports, but an exception has been made for men with androgen deficiency due to pituitary or testicular disease. Men who receive testosterone administration for the indication hypogonadism have an interest in the use of testosterone preparations generating blood testosterone levels within the normal range of healthy, eugonadal men. On the grounds of a positive correlation between blood testosterone concentrations muscle and volume/strength, they are best served with a parenteral testosterone preparation, rather than transdermal testosterone, but they should not run the risk of being excluded from competition because of supraphysiological testosterone levels. The latter is a realistic risk with the traditional parenteral testosterone esters. The new parenteral testosterone undecanoate preparation offers much better perspectives. Its pharmacokinetics have been investigated in detail and there is a fair degree of predictability of resulting blood testosterone levels with use of this preparation.     

Measurement of Testosterone in Seminal Plasma, Saliva and Serum by Solid-Phase Enzymeimmunoassay

When testosterone concentrations in serum, saliva and seminal plasma were measured with a solid-phase enzymeimmunoassay in which antitestosterone antibody was bound to CNBr-Sepharose-4B, we found the ratios of testosterone in saliva and seminal plasma to that in serum were 2.5 +/- 0.2% and 5.19 +/- 0.42%. Testosterone level in saliva could be an index of free serum testosterone. In addition, we found a correlation between sperm motility and testosterone level in seminal plasma when sperm motility was measured with a transmembrane migration method. This enzymeimmunoassay could be applied to clinical studies of testosterone.     

Clinical practice experience with testosterone treatment in men with testosterone deficiency syndrome

OBJECTIVE

To report on a clinical practice series of testosterone‐replacement therapy (TRT) in men with testosterone deficiency syndrome (TDS), examining clinical efficacy, biochemical parameters and effects on prostate health over a 2‐year period.

PATIENTS AND METHODS

A retrospective review of 85 patients with symptoms of TDS and at least a 3‐month trial of TRT was performed in this single‐centre, clinical practice setting. Three domains of symptomatology were evaluated: libido, erectile function and energy levels. Symptoms were assessed by a combination of patient reporting, physician’s assessment and validated symptom assessment scores. Total testosterone (TT), calculated bio‐available testosterone (BT) and prostate‐specific antigen (PSA) levels were continuously measured and effects on prostate health were examined.

RESULTS

Only 38 (45%) patients in this cohort remained on TRT for >2 years. The most common reason for discontinuing treatment was lack of clinical response but those remaining on TRT had continued improvement in libido, erectile function and energy levels. During treatment, the average TT and calculated BT values significantly increased compared with the baseline values at most of the evaluated time points, with no significant change in average PSA values. In all, 15% of this cohort had some degree of progression of lower urinary tract symptoms. Seven patients had eight ‘for‐cause’ prostate biopsies either during supplementation or at any date after completion, with an only three positive for cancer.

CONCLUSIONS

Only 45% of men on TRT remained on treatment for >2 years in this clinical practice experience of men with TDS. Those remaining showed persistent improvement in their symptoms. The average TT and BT values increased significantly with no significant change in PSA levels.     

唾液游离睾酮测定的临床应用

借鉴国内外文献报告的方法，建立了唾液游离睾酮的测定方法，可替代血游离睾酮的测定。本法批内变异系数５．７５％，批间变异系数８．４５％，提取回收率９４％，最小检出量（灵敏度）１２．３０ｐｇ（９５％可信限）。唾液游离睾酮与血清总睾酮之间有极好的相关性（ｒ＝０．９８４，Ｐ＜０．００１）。唾液游离睾酮测定方法实用、可靠，在临床应用中取得满意结果，加之取材容易，病人易于接受，具有很好的社会和经济效益。