NB4细胞PML—RARα融合基因表达对维甲酸诱导分化作用的影响

目的研究急性早幼粒白血病（ＡＰＬ）细胞株ＮＢ４细胞ＰＭＬ－ＲＡＲα（早幼粒细胞白血病基因－维甲酸受体基因α）融合基因的表达对维甲酸诱导分化作用的影响，探讨ＰＭＬ－ＲＡＲα融合基因与维甲酸治疗作用间的关系。方法用反义核酸来阻断ＰＭＬ－ＲＡＲα融合基因的表达并用逆转录－聚合酶链式反应检测。ＮＢ４细胞的生长、分化及功能。通过细胞生长曲线、形态学、细胞表面标志及ＮＢＴ（硝基四氮唑蓝）还原试验进行判定，细胞周期应用流式细胞仪进行分析。结果反义核酸阻断ＰＭＬ－ＲＡＲα表达后使维甲酸对ＮＢ４细胞的生长抑制作用增强，Ｓ期细胞由５２％降至２９％，同时ＮＢＴ还原能力提高，细胞表面标志变化明显，提示对维甲酸敏感性增加。结论ＰＭＬ－ＲＡＲα融合基因的表达不仅与ＡＰＬ的发病有关，而且钝化了维甲酸对ＡＰＬ细胞的诱导分化作用。     

维拉帕米联用阿霉素、长春新碱、足叶己甙体外净化白血病细胞

采用体外克隆形成培养技术研究维拉帕米（ＶＰＬ）联用阿霉素（ＡＤＭ）、长春新碱（ＶＣＲ）和足叶己甙（ＶＰ－１６）体外净化白血病细胞，结果显示：ＶＰＬ２．２μｍｏｌ／Ｌ能明显增加单一应用的不同浓度ＡＤＭ、ＶＣＲ或ＶＰ－１６对白血病细胞克隆形成单位（Ｌ－ＣＦＵ）的抑制作用，而不增加其对正常粒巨系克隆形成单位（ＧＭ－ＣＦＵ）的毒性。０．９２μｍｏｌ／ＬＡＤＭ、０．０２５０μｍｏｌ／ＬＶＣＲ及１．７０μｍｏｌ／ＬＶＰ－１６联合应用下，Ｌ－ＣＦＵ集落存活率为１１．６１％％，再联用２．２０μｍｏｌ／ＬＶＰＬ则为３．５２％；而相同条件下ＧＭ－ＣＦＵ集落存活率分别为３５．８１％及２６．０５％（与相应Ｌ－ＣＦＵ组相比，Ｐ＜０．０１），提示ＶＰＬ能明显增加上述化疗药物联合应用下的选择性体外净化白血病细胞作用。     

维拉帕米联用阿霉素,长春新碱,足叶己甙体外净化白血病细胞

采用体外克隆形成培养技术研究维拉帕米（ＶＰＬ）联用阿霉素（ＡＤＭ），长春新碱（ＶＣＲ）和足叶己甙（ＶＰ－１６）体外净化白血病细胞，结果显示，ＶＰＬ２．２μｍｏｌ／Ｌ能明显增加单一应用的不同浓度ＡＤＭ，ＶＣＲ或ＶＰ－１６对白血病细胞克隆形成单位（Ｌ－ＣＦＵ）的抑制作用，而不增加其对正常粒巨系克隆形成单位（ＧＭ－ＣＦＵ）的毒性，０．９２μｍｏｌ／ＬＡＤＭ，０．０２５０μｍｏｌ／ＬＶＣＲ及１．７０μｍｏ     

急性早幼粒细胞白血病PML-RARα融合基因异构体的临床意义

目的：探讨急性早幼粒细胞白血病（ＡＰＬ）ＰＭＬ－ＲＡＲα融合基因异构体及其临床关系。方法：用逆转录／聚合酶链反应（ＲＴ／ＰＣＲ）检测２１例初诊ＡＰＬ患者细胞中ＰＭＬ－ＲＡＲα融合基因转录本，并分析其对临床特征的可能不同影响。结果：在ＡＴＲＡ诱导治疗过程中，短型ＰＭＬ－ＲＡＲα异构体ＡＰＬ组的早期死亡和复发率（４／８）（５０％）高于长型ＰＭＬ－ＲＡＲα异构体组（２／１３）（１５．４％）；与长型异构体相反，存活期２月至２年患者含短型异构体的比例（７５％）大于存活期２年以上组（３３．３％）；未观察到患者血液学参数改变与不同ＰＭＬ－ＲＡＲα异构体有关。结论：与长型ＰＭＬ－ＲＡＲα异构体组ＡＰＬ患者相比，短型ＰＭＬ－ＲＡＲα异构体组的预后可能更差。     

呼吸中枢M受体亚型与细胞内钙

目的探讨呼吸中枢Ｍ受体亚型与细胞内钙的关系。方法采用Ｆｕｒａ－２双波长荧光法测定Ｍ１和Ｍ２受体激动剂和拮抗剂对胎鼠桥脑和延脑神经细胞内游离钙浓度（［Ｃａ２＋］ｉ）的影响。结果在静息状态下，其［Ｃａ２＋］ｉ为７２±６ｎｍｏｌ／Ｌ，加入２００μｍｏｌ／ＬＡｃｈ，［Ｃａ２＋］ｉ升高３８％，匹鲁卡品（Ｐｉｌ）０．４～２００μｍｏｌ／Ｌ无明显的升高细胞内钙的作用，而Ｍ２受体激动剂６β－乙酰氧基去甲托烷（６β－ＡＮ）１～１０μｍｏｌ／Ｌ。对神经细胞内的游离钙均无明显影响。Ｍ１－Ｒ拮抗剂哌仑西平（Ｐｉ）６０μｍｏｌ／Ｌ能拮抗Ａｃｈ升高细胞内钙的作用，Ｍ２－Ｒ拮抗剂ＡＦ－ＤＸ１１６２０μｍｏｌ／Ｌ不能拮抗。结论Ｍ１－Ｒ兴奋与细胞内钙升高有关。     

流式细胞术三色分析循环活化血小板及其在缺血怀脑血管病中的 …

目的 探讨流式细胞术（ＦＣＭ）三色分析血液中循环活化血小板（ＣＡＰ）在缺血性脑血管病中的临床意义。方法 以纤维蛋白原受体（ＦＩＢ－Ｒ０、Ｐ－选择素（ＣＤ６２Ｐ）作为分子标志物,ＦＣＭ三色免疫荧光分析ＣＡＰ。结果 正常人静止血小板膜表面ＦＩＢ－Ｒ和ＣＤ６２Ｐ表达极低（阳性百分离的中位数分别为１．４％和０．７％）。０．１μｍｏｌ／Ｌ ＡＤＰ可使血小板明显活化,１０μｍｏｌ／Ｌ ＡＤＰ使活化血小板膜表面     

肝性脑病大鼠海马CA1区锥体细胞氨基酸激活电流改变

探讨氨基酸受体门控性离子通道电流改变在肝性脑病（ＨＥ）发生中的作用。方法用快速加药装置将５０μｍｏｌ／Ｌγ－氨基丁酸（ＧＡＢＡ）或１ｍｍｏｌ／ＬＮ－甲基－Ｄ－天冬氨酸（ＮＭＤＡ）＋１０μｍｏｌ／Ｌ甘氨酸（Ｇｌｙ）加于急性分离的大白鼠海马ＣＡ１区锥体细胞周围，用全细胞膜片钳技术记录ＧＡＢＡ或ＮＭＤＡ激活的电流。结果ＨＥ大鼠海马ＣＡ１区锥体细胞ＧＡＢＡ激活的内向电流的强度为４１３．３±４３６．８ｐＡ（３１例），比对照大鼠（２３３．４±１７９．７ｐＡ，２８例）有较大增强（ｔ＝２．１０４９，Ｐ＜０．０５）。并观察到ＨＥ大鼠ＧＡＢＡ激活电流的出现频率较对照大鼠高。ＨＥ大鼠ＮＭＤＡ激活的内向电流的强度为４０８．５±３１７．２ｐＡ（３７例），比对照大鼠（８８２．６±８９６．５ｐＡ，２６例）弱（ｔ＝２．５８５１，Ｐ＜０．０５）。两组大鼠ＮＭＤＡ激活电流的出现频率无明显差异。结论氨基酸受体门控性离子通道电流改变在肝性脑病发生中起一定作用。     

核黄素等抗甲基苄基亚硝胺的致细胞突变作用

采用ＣＨＯ细胞ＨＧＰＲＴ位点突变测定系统观察了核黄素、尼克酰胺和锌等微量营养素对甲基苄基亚硝胺（ＭＢＮＡ）致细胞突变作用的影响。结果表明，在ＲＰＭＩ１６４０培养基中添加核黄素（２．６～１３．０μｍｏｌ／Ｌ）或尼克酰胺（４０～１２０μｍｏｌ／Ｌ）可显著抑制ＭＢＮＡ的致细胞突变作用。联合应用核黄素、尼克酰胺和锌效果更佳。提示：核黄素等微量营养素可能具有阻止细胞癌变的作用，为应用微量营养素干预治疗癌变过程提供了一定的理论依据。     

脑梗塞病人血浆LCAT活性与脂蛋白及红细胞膜脂质含量的关系

①目的探讨脑梗塞病人血浆卵磷脂－胆固醇酰基转移酶（ＬＣＡＴ）活性与脂蛋白及红细胞膜脂质含量的关系，②方法应用外加底物法铡定４８例脑梗塞病人和３６例健康人血浆ＬＣＡＴ括性，并检测血浆高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（ＨＤＬ－Ｃ）和亚组分（ＨＤＬ２－Ｃ，ＨＤＬ３－Ｃ）、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（ＬＤＬ－Ｃ）、载脂蛋白Ａ－１和Ｂ（ａｐｏＡ－１，ａｐｏＢ）、红细胞膜胆固醇（ＲＢＣＭ－ＣＨ）和红细胞膜磷腊（ＲＢＣＭ－ＰＬ）的含量变化。③结果脑梗塞病人血浆ＬＣＡＴ活性、ＨＤＬ－Ｃ，ＨＤＬ２－Ｃ及ａｐｏＡ－１含量明显降低，血浆ＬＤＬ－Ｃ，ａｐｏＢ，ＲＢＣＭ－ＣＨ及ＲＢＣＭ－ＣＨ／ＲＢＣＭ－ＰＬ比值显著增高，与对照组比较差异有显著性（ｔ＝２．１４－３．２５，Ｐ＜０．０５，０．０１），血浆ＬＣＡＴ活性与ＨＤＬ－Ｃ，ＨＤＬ２－Ｃ及ａｐｏＡ－１呈正相关（ｒ＝０．３８４，Ｐ＜０．０１；ｒ＝０．２９８，Ｐ＜０．０５；ｒ＝０．３１９，Ｐ＜０．０５），而与ＬＤＬ－Ｃ，ＲＢＣＭ－ＣＨ呈负相关（ｒ＝－０．２９０，－０．３２３；Ｐ＜０．０５）。④结论脑梗塞病人脂质代谢异常与血浆ＬＣＡＴ活性降低有关。     

磷脂酶A2激活倡导中性粒细胞凋亡

目的 探讨磷脂酶Ａ２（ＰＬＡ２）活性的变化对中性粒细胞凋亡的影响。方法 采用光镜、电镜、ＤＮＡ电泳和ＦＡＣＳ等方法，分析了磷脂酶Ａ２内外源性激活剂和掏剂对大鼠中性粒细胞凋亡影响。结果 脂多糖（ＬＰＳ１μｇ／ｍｌ）和钙离子载体（Ａ２３１８７１μｍｏｌ／Ｌ）等ＰＬＡ２激动剂分别在共同培养６ｈ和１２ｈ之内促进中性粒细胞凋亡，而ＰＬＡ２阻断剂４－溴苯甲酰溴甲烷（ｐ－ＢＰＢ０．０１～１ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ）可明显     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.