3种抗组胺药治疗慢性特发性荨麻疹的临床研究

目的:评价第2代抗组胺药咪唑斯汀、西替利嗪、氯雷他定治疗慢性特发性荨麻疹的疗效和安全性。方法:采用随机开放平行对照的方法,对96例慢性特发性荨麻疹患者进行随机分组,分别予以咪唑斯汀10mg、西替利嗪10mg、氯雷他定10mg,均每日1次口服,观察治疗第14天、第28天的临床疗效及停药1周后的复发率。结果:三者治疗慢性特发性荨麻疹第14天和第28天的有效率分别为:咪唑斯汀组90.0%和96.7%,西替利嗪组85.3%和94.2%,氯雷他定组90.6%和93.8%,三者之间差异无显著性(P>0.05)。停药1周后的复发率,咪唑斯汀组为40.0%,西替利嗪组为35.3%,氯雷他定组为28.1%。整个试验过程中均无明显严重不良反应出现。结论:咪唑斯汀、西替利嗪和氯雷他定治疗慢性特发性荨麻疹临床疗效好,安全性高,在改善临床症状及控制复发方面各有所长。     

Review of fexofenadine in the treatment of chronic idiopathic urticaria

Chronic idiopathic urticaria (CIU), characterized by the appearance of itchy wheals of unknown etiology, can be extremely debilitating and can significantly reduce a patient's quality of life (QOL). Fexofenadine, a non-sedating, H1-receptor selective, long-acting antihistamine, is licensed worldwide for the treatment of CIU. A number of dose-ranging studies have evaluated the efficacy and safety of fexofenadine for the the treatment of CIU. In two similar North American studies, patients received either fexofenadine HCI (20, 60, 120, or 240 mg bid) or placebo. All four doses of fexofendine were statistically superior to placebo at reducing pruritus and reducing the number of wheals (P < or = 0.0238). A dose-finding study undertaken in Japanese patients confirmed that fexofenadine HCI (60 mg and 120 mg bid) is an effective treatment for CIU. A similar dose response was shown in all three studies when the results were compared. Furthermore, health outcome analyses of the North American studies indicated that fexofenadine HCI 60 mg bid significantly improved patient's QOL. In these studies, fexofenadine had a consistently comparable safety profile to placebo, with no dose-related trends in the incidence of adverse events. In conclusion, fexofenadine is an effective and well-tolerated treatment for CIU, with a wide therapeutic window. Importantly, the lack of ethnic differences between the studies from North America and Asia indicate that the efficacy and safety of fexofenadine demonstrated in these studies are cross-culturally applicable.     

窄谱中波紫外线联合抗组胺药治疗慢性自发性荨麻疹的疗效观察

目的观察窄谱中波紫外线(NB-UVB)联合抗组胺药治疗慢性自发性荨麻疹的疗效。方法 80例慢性荨麻疹患者,随机分为试验组和对照组,每组各40例。试验组采用NB-UVB光疗,每周2次,共24次,同时口服抗组胺药;对照组仅口服抗组胺药。比较两组治疗后的临床疗效以及随访12周内的复发情况。结果两组患者的症状和体征评分明显下降,且试验组下降更为明显(t=46.37,P0.05)。试验组的临床疗效明显优于对照组(χ~2=6.76,P0.05);且复发率明显低于对照组(χ~2=9.83,P0.01)。结论 NB-UVB安全有效,可作为慢性自发性荨麻疹的辅助治疗手段。     

奥马珠单抗用于治疗难治性慢性特发性荨麻疹

难治性慢性特发性荨麻疹是一种常见的皮肤科疾病,病因不明,对常规治疗反应差,困扰着医生和患者。奥马珠单抗(omalizumab)是一种新型生物制剂,能有效抑制过敏反应,现多应用于治疗哮喘,部分应用于治疗难治性慢性特发性荨麻疹,其疗效得到肯定,也逐渐被皮肤科医师关注和应用。该文综述了奥马珠单抗的作用机制、临床应用、治疗效果和不良反应。     

Evaluation of H2 receptor antagonists in chronic idiopathic urticaria

H1-antagonist (hydroxyzine hydrochloride) in dosage of 10 mg-25 mg thrice a day failed to elicit satisfactory response in 60 out of 170 patients of chronic idiopathic urticaria. Additional administration of H2-antagonist (cimetidine) in dosage of 200 mg four times a day, in patients not responding earlier to H1-antagonist alones exhibited moderate to good improvement of various parameters of urticaria in approximately 85% patients.     

关注抗组胺药治疗慢性荨麻疹应用的策略

抗组胺药通过拮抗H1受体来阻断组胺与受体的结合,从而影响变态反应发生的过程,是治疗慢性荨麻疹的基本药物。最新研究表明,抗组胺药还可通过其他机制发挥更广泛的药理作用。本文就目前临床抗组胺药物选择及使用的策略进行探讨。     

Second- and third-generation antihistamines in the treatment of urticaria

ABSTRACT: Chronic urticaria is mainly idiopathic in nature and can be difficult to treat. While less responsive to antihistamine therapy than acute urticaria, antihistamines still play a key role in the management of symptomatology. While many of the antihistamines still commonly used to treat urticaria are first generation H₁ antagonists (e.g., diphenhydramine, hydroxyzine), the more recently developed second-generation agents (e.g., loratadine, cetirizine) and their metabolites—the third-generation antihistamines (e.g., fexofenadine, norastemizole, descarboxyloratadine)—possess many of the desirable clinical effects of the first-generation agents with a more tolerable side effect profile. This review discusses the advantages and disadvantages of each of the various second- and third-generation agents available, and presents some of the data showing the differences among these agents in the treatment of chronic urticaria.     

Comparison of chronic autoimmune urticaria with chronic idiopathic urticaria

BACKGROUND: Chronic urticaria has been described in patients with Helicobacter pylori infection. Despite numerous studies, the correlation between H. pylori infection and chronic urticaria is doubtful. Our study was performed to determine the prevalence of H. pylori infection in autoimmune urticaria and in patients suffering from autoimmune urticaria and autoimmune thyroiditis. METHODS: The authors widely investigated 48 patients. The examinations were extended principally to autologous serum skin test, antithyroid antibodies, and the presence of H. pylori infection as well as detection of antibodies against H. pylori. RESULTS: Out of the 48 patients, 26 were regarded as having autoimmune origin. The prevalence of antithyroid antibodies was different in the two groups of patients with urticaria. There were 11 patients (42.3%) in the autoimmune group compared with three patients (13.6%) in the nonautoimmune group with antithyroid peroxidase antibody (P = 0.03). The difference in the prevalence of H. pylori infection was significant between autoimmune urticaria with and without thyroid autoimmunity (90.9% vs. 46.7%; P = 0.02). Autoimmune thyroiditis was connected with CagA +H. pylori strains, as the H. pylori- specific IgG antibodies revealed significant differences in a prevalence of 120 kDa (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The authors observed a relationship between autoimmune urticaria and autoimmune thyroiditis. The results strengthen the possibility of cross-reactivity being triggered between CagA plus H. pylori strains and some other organ-specific autoimmune diseases such as autoimmune urticaria and autoimmune thyroiditis. This indicates a possible role of H. pylori in triggering autoimmune urticaria in at least a select group of patients.     

苦参素联合抗组胺药治疗慢性荨麻疹疗效的Meta分析

目的:评价苦参素联合抗组胺药治疗慢性荨麻疹的疗效及不良反应。方法:检索中国知网、万方、维普、Pubmed、EMbase及Cochrane library等数据库,筛选符合标准的文献,采用RevM an 4.2进行Meta分析。结果:共纳入14篇文献,入选文献发表偏倚较小,无明显异质性(P=0.34)。Meta分析结果显示,苦参素联合抗组胺药组与单用抗组胺药组比较,有效率高[P0.00001,RR=1.40,95%CI(1.30~1.51)],复发率低[P0.00001,RR=0.19,95%CI(0.10-0.37)]。结论:苦参素联合抗组胺药治疗慢性荨麻疹疗效优于单用抗组胺药。     

Successful treatment of recalcitrant chronic idiopathic urticaria with sulfasalazine

BACKGROUND: Antihistamines are the standard treatment for chronic idiopathic urticaria (CIU). For patients whose urticaria is unresponsive to antihistamines, the treatment options are limited. During the previous decade, there have been several case reports demonstrating success with sulfasalazine therapy. In this article, we present a case series evaluating sulfasalazine therapy for antihistamine-unresponsive CIU. OBSERVATIONS: Nineteen patients with antihistamine-unresponsive CIU were treated with sulfasalazine between 2002 and 2005. During sulfasalazine therapy, 14 patients (74%) reported significant improvement, 4 patients (21%) reported minimal improvement but were not satisfied with their symptom relief, and 1 patient (5%) reported a worsening of symptoms. Of the 13 patients who required systemic steroids to control their urticaria, all were able to reduce or discontinue steroid use during sulfasalazine therapy. Although 7 patients (37%) had adverse effects (eg, nausea, headache, mild or transient leukopenia, and transaminitis) that were thought to be caused by the use of sulfasalazine, they all kept taking the drug. CONCLUSIONS: This case series demonstrates that sulfasalazine can be a successful and safe treatment option for patients with CIU who have not responded adequately to treatment with antihistamines. Sulfasalazine was steroid sparing in all subjects who were steroid dependent.     

盐酸左西替利嗪治疗慢性特发性荨麻疹的临床研究

目的：研究盐酸左西替利嗪治疗慢性特发性荨麻疹的疗效和安全性。方法：采用随机、双盲、对照的临床研究方法，对44例慢性特发性荨麻疹患者进行随机分组，试验组予以盐酸左西替利嗪片口服，对照组采用盐酸西替利嗪片口服，每日1次。观察治疗第7、14和28天的临床疗效和不良反应：结果：服药后第7、14和28天试验组和对照组的有效率分别为77．28％和68．18％、86．37％和77．28％、90．91％和81．82％。试验组略高于对照组，但差异并无显著性。试验中没有发生严重不良反应。结论：盐酸左西替利嗪治疗慢性特发性荨麻疹安全有效。     

窄谱中波紫外线联合咪唑斯汀治疗慢性特发性荨麻疹的疗效观察

目的:观察窄谱中波紫外线联合咪唑斯汀治疗慢性特发性荨麻疹的疗效.方法:81例患者随机分为联合组42例和对照组39例,其中联合组接受全身窄谱中波紫外线照射,每周3次共24次,同时口服咪唑斯汀治疗;对照组仅口服咪唑斯汀治疗.在治疗前、治疗第4周、8周和治疗后第8周随访时对两组患者的症状体征进行评分.结果:两组患者的症状评分明显下降(P ＜ 0.01),尤以联合组下降更为明显(P ＜ 0.01);治疗后第8周随访时联合组症状评分继续下降,有效率为88.1%,而对照组症状评分升高,有效率仅为30.8%.结论:联合窄谱中波紫外线治疗慢性特发性荨麻疹有效、安全,可作为慢性特发性荨麻疹的辅助治疗手段.     

慢性特发性荨麻疹免疫机制研究进展

慢性特发性荨麻疹的病因目前尚不明确。研究表明,慢性特发性荨麻疹发病大多有自身免疫机制参与,现已发现了数种与慢性特发性荨麻疹有关的自身抗体,其中抗FcεRI抗体、抗IgE抗体在慢性特发性荨麻疹发病中的地位尤为重要。B淋巴细胞刺激因子可能参与慢性特发性荨麻疹自身抗体的形成。另外,部分慢性特发性荨麻疹患者HLA-Ⅱ类抗原的等位基因DRB1 04频率增加,提示该病发病具有自身免疫遗传基础。     

四种药物治疗慢性特发性荨麻疹不同时间-剂量效果对比分析

慢性特发性荨麻疹(CIU)是一种病因不明、治疗困难的荨麻疹.有资料表明,在欧美,CIU患病率为0.1%～3%[1].目前中长期、规律性药物治疗是常用和有效的方法.在选用治疗方案时不仅要考虑其有效性、安全性,同时也要考虑其依从性,使患者得到最佳的疗效.     

Synergistic effect of broad-spectrum sunscreens and antihistamines in the control of idiopathic solar urticaria

BACKGROUND: It can be difficult to provide patients with idiopathic solar urticaria adequate protection from sunlight. In a nonrandomized controlled trial, we used a standardized phototest procedure to determine the effects of using sunscreen and antihistamine to control idiopathic solar urticaria. OBSERVATIONS: Three patients with idiopathic solar urticaria underwent phototesting with UV-B and UV-A radiation. The minimal urticarial dose (MUD) was determined 15 minutes after irradiation. The patients were subsequently tested with 5 times the MUD, and the reaction was graded every minute for 15 minutes. The patients were then treated with a high-protection, broad-spectrum sunscreen and a nonsedative antihistamine alone and in combination and underwent similar phototesting. The use of sunscreen allowed the patients to tolerate much higher doses of UV radiation (32-38 times the MUD on untreated skin). Antihistamine use did not increase the patients' MUD but did suppress wheal formation and itch, and only immediate erythema sharply located in the irradiated areas occurred. The combination of sunscreen and antihistamine acted synergistically and increased the tolerance to UV radiation markedly (80-267 times the MUD on untreated skin). Conclusion High-protection, broad-spectrum sunscreens and antihistamines protect patients with solar urticaria in different ways and are highly effective when combined.     

Effectiveness of as‐needed antihistamines in chronic spontaneous urticaria patients under omalizumab treatment

The question how second‐generation antihistamines (sgAHs) should be used when chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU) is under control with omalizumab is still unanswered. This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of as‐needed sgAHs in patients with well‐controlled urticaria under omalizumab treatment. Patients from four different urticaria centers who were treated with omalizumab 300 mg/4 weeks for at least 3 months, had well‐controlled urticaria (Urticaria Control Test: 16 > UCT≥12) and were using sgAHs only if needed, were included in this study. In order to assess effectiveness of sgAHs, change in the itch, hives, and total itch‐hives scores before and after sgAHs were evaluated using modified urticaria activity score‐twice daily. Fifty‐three patients [38 female (71.7%)] with mean age 41.1 ± 11.4 years were included in this study. Median sgAH intake per patient throughout the 4 week‐intervals was 3 (2–5) tablets. sgAH intake decreased itch, hives and total itch‐hives scores 45.7% ± 52.9, 42.4% ± 39.1, and 50.2% ± 51.1, respectively (P < .001 for all). This decrease was similar in both isolated‐urticaria and urticaria‐and‐angioedema phenotypes. Baseline IgE levels were positively correlated with the decrease of three symptom scores (r = 0.31, P = .05; r = 0.375, P = .017; r = 0.31, P = .05, respectively) that showed in patients with higher baseline total IgE levels, as needed sgAH intake decreased the symptom scores less. Our study showed that sgAHs may still be an effective option for the treatment of the intermittent symptoms in patients with well‐controlled urticaria under omalizumab treatment. Baseline total IgE levels may be used as a potential biomarker for sgAH effectiveness in these patients.