Effects of packed cell volume reduction on renal haemodynamics and the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system in patients with secondary polycythaemia and hypoxic cor pulmonale

Polycythaemia was corrected by erythrapheresis in ten patients with hypoxic cor pulmonale who were stable on regular diuretic therapy. Renal haemodynamics, renal function and the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system were assessed before and afterwards. Before erythrapheresis effective renal plasma flow (ERPF) was reduced (63% predicted) but glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was preserved (88% predicted) by a rise in filtration fraction (FF) (138% predicted). A negative correlation existed between ERPF and packed cell volume (r = -0.723; P less than 0.02) and also between ERPF and PaCO2 (r = -0.710; P less than 0.05). Polycythaemia was sufficient to maintain renal oxygen delivery (97% predicted). After erythrapheresis systemic blood pressure, blood volume and blood viscosity all decreased. ERPF increased by 18% (P less than 0.02). FF fell by 11% (P less than 0.05) and GFR was unchanged. Renal oxygen delivery diminished by 25% (P less than 0.001). Plasma renin activity was increased in five patients and plasma aldosterone increased in two patients before erythrapheresis. No sustained fall occurred in plasma renin activity or plasma aldosterone, possibly because the haemodynamic consequences of the procedure had opposing actions on renin secretion. Although the reduction in FF would per se tend to enhance renal sodium and water excretion, a diuresis or natriuresis did not occur consistently.     

前列腺素E1对肺源性心脏病患者肺血流动力学的影响

目的：观察静脉滴注前列腺素E1对肺源性心脏病（肺心病）肺血流动力学及血气的影响。方法：对34例肺民主病患者连续10天静脉滴注前列腺素E1200μg/d。治疗前后用彩色多普勒超声诊断仪检测肺血流动力学指标并作血气分析。结果：前列腺素E1治疗后肺动脉平均压（mPAR)显著降低（P＜0.01),右心室射血前期（RPEP）、右心室射血时间（RVET）均有改善,PaCO2下降,SaO2上升（P＜0.05);PaO2无明显改变。结论：前列腺素E1可以降低肺心病患者的肺动脉高压,改善右心功能并减轻二氧化碳潴留。     

血脂康对吸烟伴慢性肺源性心脏病患者临床疗效分析

目的:评价血脂康对吸烟伴COPD合并慢性肺源性心脏病(肺心病)患者肺动脉压及肺功能的影响。方法:选择57例吸烟伴COPD合并慢性肺心病患者,随机分为血脂康组(29例)和对照组(28例)。两组患者均予常规治疗,在此基础上血脂康组患者予口服血脂康胶囊600 mg/d。比较两组治疗前、治疗6个月后肺功能、肺动脉压、6 min步行距离和血气指标的变化。结果:治疗6个月后血脂康组的肺动脉压比治疗前及对照组治疗后明显下降(P<0.05)、6min步行距离明显增加(P<0.05),FEV1%、FEV1/FVC等肺功能指标及血气指标明显改善(P<0.05);对照组治疗前后上述指标比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:血脂康可有效改善吸烟伴COPD合并慢性肺心病患者的肺功能通气功能,并可降低肺动脉压。     

肺源性心脏病肺栓塞的救治与护理

肺栓塞(pulmonary embo lism,PE) 是内源性或外源性栓子堵塞肺动脉或其分支引起肺循环障碍的临床和病理生理综合征.国内20世纪80年代前该病的生前诊断率仅7.8%[1].大部分肺栓塞病人生前未能得到正确诊断,根据尸检报告,这一数字高达67%～79%[2].……     

The medical disability evaluation of patients with pulmonary hypertension and cor pulmonale]

The purpose of the study was to elaborate criteria for the assessment of the severity of pulmonary hypertension and cor pulmonale in patients with chronic bronchitis and to give rationale for expert medical evaluation of the working capacity of such patients. 94 patients (89 males and 5 females) aged 20 to 60 with chronic bronchitis were examined. Basing on the clinical, x-ray, ECG, VCG and echocardiography data, the gravity of cor pulmonale was assessed by the degree of right ventricular hypertrophy (absent, mild, marked, dramatically marked), changes in the right ventricular echo dimensions and the stage of heart failure, and by the lung vital capacity (in percent of the predicted value). The rationale for expert medical evaluation of patients with associated cor pulmonale and chronic bronchitis is described.     

Intravenous nitroglycerin in acute respiratory failure of patients with chronic obstructive lung disease,secondary pulmonary hypertension and cor pulmonale

We have studied the hemodynamic effects of an intravenous single dose of nitroglycerin in 13 patients with secondary pulmonary hypertension and Cor Pulmonale, during the acute course of respiratory failure and under assisted ventilation. We observed a significant decrease in systolic, diastolic and mean pulmonary arterial pressures, and in pulmonary resistance and systolic right ventricular work index, without any change in right or left pre-loads. The systolic arterial pressure decreased slightly, without any change in cardiac index or diastolic pressure. The arterial and mixed venous oxygen contents, and the pulmonary shunting (Qs/Qt) were unchanged. These results suggest that nitroglycerin may be a useful therapy in patients in the acute stages of pulmonary hypertension resulting from chronic lung disease and under assisted ventilation. In addition, the lack of change in cardiac index, intrapulmonary shunting and oxygen content suggests that this decrease in pulmonary resistance is not linked with any deleterious effect in oxygen transfer.     

氧疗对肺心病患者甲状腺功能的影响

目的测定慢性肺心病患者急性发作期血清甲状腺激素水平并观察氧疗对甲状腺功能的影响。方法分别测定98例肺心病患者急性发作期治疗前后血清甲状腺激素水平并与对照组比较。结果急性发作期患者血清三碘甲状腺原氨酸（TT3）、血清甲状腺素（TT4）均较对照组低，血清促甲状腺素（TSH）无明显变化。治疗2周后血清TT3、明显恢复，治疗期间氧疗时间越长，甲状腺功能恢复越好。结论缺氧使肺心病急性发作期患者凡、巩显著降低并与疾病的严重程度相关，氧疗可明显改善肺心病急性发作期患者甲状腺激素水平。     

高原地区肺源性心脏病急性发作期患者氧动力学变化的临床研究

目的：了解高原地区肺源性心脏病（肺心病）患者氧动力学的基本变化规律,为临床治疗提供理论依据。方法：利用ＳｗａｎＧａｎｚ导管及热稀释法心输出量测定技术对西宁地区２０例肺心病急性发作期患者进行临床监测。结果：在机械通气条件下,全部患者氧输送（ＤＯ２）水平在监测开始第１日略有升高,而氧耗量（ＶＯ２）升高不明显,二者之间无相关（ｒ＝０．０３２０,Ｐ＞０．０５）;第２～３日ＤＯ２继续升高到６００ｍｌ·ｍｉｎ－１·ｍ－２以上时,ＶＯ２亦随之升高,出现病理性氧供依赖（ｒ＝０．６５４７,Ｐ＜０．０５）,在ＤＯ２超过７２０ｍｌ·ｍｉｎ－１·ｍ－２以后,ＶＯ２的上升趋于平缓,相关关系消失（ｒ＝０．１９４３,Ｐ＞０．０５）,氧摄取率在ＤＯ２低于５５０ｍｌ·ｍｉｎ－１·ｍ－２时出现低水平代偿,以后均处于较低水平,与ＶＯ２呈负相关关系（ｒ＝－０．４０６８,Ｐ＜０．０１）。结论：肺心病患者氧摄取功能已出现明显障碍,致使ＤＯ２与ＶＯ２之间出现病理性氧供依赖;肺心病急性发作期患者存在“最佳氧供区间”,提示对于这类患者在抢救治疗中必须将ＤＯ２水平调整至此区间内才能有效地保证机体氧供给需要     

Use of lozartan in patients with chronic cor pulmonale

The purpose of the study was to determine the effect of the angiotensin receptor blocker lozartan on clinical manifestations, gas transport, and metabolism in blood cells in patients with chronic cor pulmonale (CCP). The subjects were 53 patients with chronic obstructive bronchitis (COB) and secondary functional claa III pulmonary hypertension. Use of lozartan in complex therapy of these patients led to increase of pyruvic acid content in erythrocytes and glucose-6-phosphatdehydrogenase activity, which suggests that lozartan stimulates redox processes in blood cells. This significantly improves metabolic provision of erythrocyte functioning, phagocytosis and immunogenesis, and leads to favorable clinical effect in patients with COB and CCP.     

老年肺心病患者应用高频通气膈肌起搏的疗效观察

目的：寻求老年肺心病患者康复治疗的有效方法。方法：应用高频通气膈肌起搏对30例老年肺心病患者 康复治疗的疗效观察。结果：老年肺心病患者经高频通气膈肌起搏康复治疗后,PaO2增高,肺功能改善,血浆内皮素－1水平明显降低,与治疗前比较有显著性差异（P＜0．01）。结论：高频通气膈肌起搏是老年肺心病患者一种安全,有效的康复治疗方法。     

Endothelial dysfunction mediators in patients with chronic cor pulmonale

Forty-nine sourses of Russian and foreign literature dedicated to the role of endothelial dysfunction in the development of pulmonary hypertension and chronic cor pulmonale were analyzed. Data on endothelium-dependent vasoactive mediators are presented in the article.     

阿托伐他汀对慢性肺源性心脏病患者右心室功能的影响

目的 评价阿托伐他汀对慢性肺源性心脏病(肺心病)患者右心功能的影响.方法 55例慢性阻塞性肺病(COPD)合并慢性肺心病患者随机分为两组:阿托伐他汀组(AL组,27例)和常规治疗组(28例).两组患者均接受常规治疗,阿托伐他汀组口服阿托伐他汀,20 mg/d.分别观察阿托伐他汀组及常规治疗组治疗前、治疗后6个月血浆中一氧化氮(nitric oxide,NO)、内皮素1(endothelin-1,ET-1)、脑钠肽(brain natriuretic peptide,BNP)、超声心动图变化.结果 阿托伐他汀组治疗6个月后ET-1、BNP、Tei指数、肺动脉压较治疗前和常规治疗组治疗6个月时明显下降(P<0.05)、NO水平明显升高(P<0.05);常规治疗组治疗前、治疗后6个月上述指标比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).结论 阿托伐他汀可调节NO、BNP及ET-1的分泌,有效降低肺动脉压及改善右心室功能.     

酚妥拉明联合地尔硫对慢性肺心病急性加重期肺动脉高压的疗效观察

目的观察酚妥拉明联合地尔硫对慢性肺源性心脏病患者急性加重期肺动脉高压的影响。方法对照组35例,给予常规治疗;酚妥拉明组30例,给予酚妥拉明10 mg微量泵持续静脉泵入,速度0.4～0.6 mg/h;地尔硫组30例,给予口服地尔硫30 mg,3次/d;联合治疗组30例,给予酚妥拉明10 mg微量泵静脉泵入,同时给予口服地尔硫30 mg,3次/d;疗程为14天。观察治疗前后各组及组间平均肺动脉压力（mPAP）和血浆脑钠肽（BNP）的变化。结果各组治疗后较治疗前相比mPAP、BNP均显著降低,常规治疗组mPAP（55.2±6.5）mmHg vs（48.6±8.2）mmHg（P〈0.05）,BNP（602.9±96.6）pg/L vs（416.2±43.7）pg/L（P〈0.05）;酚妥拉明组mPAP（57.3±6.8）mmHg vs（42.1±9.6）mmHg（P〈0.05）,BNP（628.2±89.1）pg/L vs（356.1±37.9）pg/L（P〈0.01）;地尔硫组（56.2±6.1）mmHg vs（43.4±8.9）mmHg（P〈0.05）,BNP（612.7±87.4）pg/L vs（382.9±37.5）pg/L（P〈0.01）;联合治疗组mPAP（58.3±6.7）mmHg vs（30.5±7.7）mmHg（P〈0.01）,BNP（644.6±98.3）pg/L vs（286.5±33.4）pg/L（P〈0.01）。联合治疗组mPAP、BNP较其他治疗组下降更明显（P〈0.05或〈0.01）。结论酚妥拉明联合地尔硫能显著降低慢性肺源性心脏病患者急性加重期BNP水平及肺动脉压力。     

Adrenaline in treatment of septic shock: Effects on haemodynamics and oxygen transport

The effects of adrenaline on haemodynamics and oxygen transport were studied in 13 patients with septic shock persisting after optimal fluid loading. adrenaline was administered by intravenous infusion at an increasing dose until no further benefit was seen. There were significant increases in mean arterial pressure, cardiac index, left ventricular stroke work index and oxygen delivery index. There was no significant change in oxygen consumption although the trend was towards an increase. There was a significant reduction in oxygen extraction ratio, but no change in shunt fraction. Adrenaline would appear to have beneficial haemodynamic effects in septic shock.